Journal for Person-Oriented Research最新文献

{"title":"On Standardized Measurement in Behavioral Science.","authors":"John R Nesselroade,&nbsp;Peter C M Molenaar","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2022.24854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17505/jpor.2022.24854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>That standardized measurement procedures are a sine qua non of \"good\" science is generally not questioned. Here we examine the meaning and use of standardized measurement in behavioral science. Procedures and methods of measurement that have served the physical sciences so well should not blindly be assumed to work in the same manner and with the same effectiveness in behavioral science. There seems to be general agreement that social/behavioral science is \"different\" among the sciences. Problems arising from how behavioral science is \"different\" begin, we believe, with measurement. We put forward the argument that the source of the difference is unique to animate objects and is first evident at the stage of measuring the behavioral attributes of interest. It is at that point in conducting scientific inquiry that the matters raised might be resolved by developing and applying alternatives to standardized measurement. One such alternative discussed is the idiographic filter (Nesselroade, Gerstorf, Hardy, & Ram, 2007).</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"8 2","pages":"43-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9773943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10816938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to Use Model-Based Cluster Analysis Efficiently in Person-Oriented Research.","authors":"Bence Gergely,&nbsp;András Vargha","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2021.23449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17505/jpor.2021.23449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Model-based cluster analysis (MBCA) was created to automatize the often subjective model-selection procedure of traditional explorative clustering methods. It is a type of finite mixture modelling, assuming that the data come from a mixture of different subpopulations following given distributions, typically multivariate normal. In that case cluster analysis is the exploration of the underlying mixture structure. In MBCA finding the possible number of clusters and the best clustering model is a statistical model-selection problem, where the models with differing number and type of component distributions are compared. For fitting a certain model MBCA uses a likelihood based Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) to evaluate its appropriateness and the model with the highest BIC value is accepted as the final solution. The aim of the present study is to investigate the adequacy of automatic model selection in MBCA using BIC, and suggested alternative methods, like the Integrated Completed Likelihood Criterion (ICL), or Baudry's method. An additional aim is to refine these procedures by using so called quality coefficients (QCs), borrowed from methodological advances within the field of exploratory cluster analysis, to help in the choice of an appropriate cluster structure (CLS), and also to compare the efficiency of MBCA in identifying a theoretical CLS with those of various other clustering methods. The analyses are restricted to studying the performance of various procedures of the type described above for two classification situations, typical in person-oriented studies: (1) an example data set characterized by a perfect theoretical CLS with seven types (seven completely homogeneous clusters) was used to generate three data sets with varying degrees of measurement error added to the original values, and (2) three additional data sets based on another perfect theoretical CLS with four types. It was found that the automatic decision rarely led to an optimal solution. However, dropping solutions with irregular BIC curves, and using different QCs as an aid in choosing between different solutions generated by MBCA and by fusing close clusters, optimal solutions were achieved for the two classification situations studied. With this refined procedure the revealed cluster solutions of MBCA often proved to be at least as good as those of different hierarchical and <i>k</i>-center clustering methods. MBCA was definitely superior in identifying four-type CLS models. In identifying seven-type CLS models MBCA performed at a similar level as the best of other clustering methods (such as <i>k</i>-means) only when the reliability level of the input variables was high or moderate, otherwise it was slightly less efficient.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"22-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8411881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39437409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalizing Psychological Care for Chronic Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Case Study on Symptom Dynamics.","authors":"Melanie P J Schellekens,&nbsp;Tom I Bootsma,&nbsp;Rosalie A M van Woezik,&nbsp;Marije L van der Lee","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2021.23447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17505/jpor.2021.23447","url":null,"abstract":"Approximately 25% of cancer patients suffer from chronic cancer-related fatigue (CCRF), which is a complex, multifactorial condition. While there are evidence-based interventions, it remains unclear what treatment works best for the individual patient. Psychological network models can offer a schematic representation of interrelations among fatigue and protective and perpetuating factors for the individual patient. We explored whether feedback based on these individual fatigue networks can help personalize psychological care for CCRF. A 34-year old woman with CCRF was referred to our mental healthcare institute for psycho-oncology. During the waitlist period, she filled out an experience sampling app for 101 days, including five daily assessments of fatigue, pain, mood, activity and fatigue coping. The interplay between items was visualized in network graphs at the moment-level and day-level, which were discussed with the patient. For example, acceptance of fatigue in the past three hours was associated with less hopelessness and less fatigue in the following moment. At the day-level, acceptance was also being associated with less fatigue, less hopelessness, a better mood, and more motivation to do things. The patient recognized these patterns and explained how unexpected waves of fatigue can make her feel hopeless. This started a dialogue on how cultivating acceptance could potentially help her handle the fatigue. The patient would discuss this with her therapist. Feedback based on individual fatigue networks can provide direct insight into how one copes with CCRF and subsequently offer directions for treatment. Further research is needed in order to implement this in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8411882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39437407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Configural Analysis of Oscillating Progression.","authors":"Alexander von Eye, Wolfgang Wiedermann, Stefan von Weber","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2021.23448","DOIUrl":"10.17505/jpor.2021.23448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oscillating series of scores can be approximated with locally optimized smoothing functions. In this article, we describe how such series can be approximated with locally estimated (loess) smoothing, and how Configural Frequency Analysis (CFA) can be used to evaluate and interpret results. Loess functions are often hard to describe because they cannot be represented by just one function that has interpretable parameters. In this article, we suggest that specification of the CFA base model be based on the width of the window that is used for local curve optimization, the weight given to data points in the neighborhood of the approximated one, and by the function that is used to locally approximate observed data. CFA types indicate that more cases were found than expected from the local optimization model. CFA antitypes indicate that fewer cases were found. In a real-world data example, the development of Covid-19 diagnoses in France is analyzed for the beginning period of the pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"14-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8411879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39437408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personal Skills for Optimal Identity Development: A Person-Centered Approach in Italian Late-Adolescents.","authors":"Luigia Simona Sica,&nbsp;Laura Aleni Sestito","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2021.23450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17505/jpor.2021.23450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study examined the association between identity statuses and some competences such as creativity, personal growth initiative and agency, which can actually be considered as resources for the development of optimal identity in our de-standardized society (personal skills for optimal identity development, PSID). Participants were 250 adolescents (118 males and 132 females) attending the last two years of various high schools in Italy. We used five self-report measures of identity development, agency, creativity, and personal growth initiative, and specific psychosocial correlates (anxiety, depression and well-being) to examine the association between identity, PSID and both well- and ill-being. Based on a person-centered approach, five typologies were obtained in order to describe the differentiated interplay between identity and PSID. Our findings suggested that late adolescents showing medium/high levels of PSID seem to be more advanced in their identity definition; as a result, they show positive psycho-social functioning, supporting the hypothesis that PSID can allow the acquisition of optimal identity. Suggestions for developing interventions to foster personal resources in this age group are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"36-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8411880/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39437410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cluster Analysis of Child Externalizing and Prosocial Behaviors in a Randomized Effectiveness Trial of the Family-Check Up and Internet-Delivered Parent Training (iComet).","authors":"Annika Björnsdotter,&nbsp;Ata Ghaderi,&nbsp;Pia Enebrink","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2020.22403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17505/jpor.2020.22403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore whether children with various externalizing/prosocial behavior profiles benefit differently from face-to-face training than from an internet-based parent management training (PMT) programme.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 231 families with children (aged 10 to 13 years) with externalizing behavior problems (EBP) were randomized to receive either the Family Check-Up, delivered by therapists in the community, or the internet-based PMT program (iComet). Person-oriented analysis was used for subtyping the children according to combinations of prosocial behavior and EBP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The person-oriented analysis resulted in five significantly different clusters. There were no significant differences between the five clusters in relation to the total difficulties score of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, family warmth or family conflict, but the within-group effect sizes for the main outcome (total difficulties score) from baseline to post-treatment varied from Cohen's d of 0.52 to 2.56. There were no significant interaction effects between the clusters and type of intervention. However, for children high on symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and moderate to high on oppositional defiant disorder, and low to relatively high on prosocial behaviors (Cluster 3 respectively 5), substantial residual EBP-symptomatology remained at post-treatment, although both interventions resulted in significant effects. The other three clusters were within the non-clinical EBP-range at post-intervention, irrespective of treatment condition. There were no significant differences between the clusters regarding treatment completion rate (ranging from 47.2% to 67.4%). This study illustrates the value of distinguishing between different profiles of children in the context of PMT for parents of children with EBP.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":" ","pages":"88-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7869620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25355454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Idiographic Approaches to Children's Executive Function Performance: An Intensive Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Dian Yu, Pei-Jung Yang, G John Geldhof, Corine P Tyler, Patricia K Gansert, Paul A Chase, Richard M Lerner","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2020.22401","DOIUrl":"10.17505/jpor.2020.22401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional variable-centered research on executive functions (EFs) often infers intraindividual development using group-based averages. Such a method masks meaningful individuality and involves the fallacy of equating group-level data with person-specific changes. We used an intensive longitudinal design to study idiographic executive function fluctuation among ten boys from Grade 4. Each of the participants completed between 33 and 43 measurement occasions (<i>M</i> = 38.8) across approximately three months. Data were collected remotely using a computerized short version of the Dimensional Change Card Sort task. Multi-group analyses of three participant pairs (Participants 5 and 3, 5 and 2, and 5 and 6) demonstrated that Participant 5 differed from Participants 3 and 2 in different ways but Participants 5 and 6 were similar in all comparisons. Dynamic structural equation modeling demonstrated unique individual trajectories, which were not represented by the trajectory of group-averages. Although more than half of the participants showed a negative association between EFs and inattention, two participants showed a positive association between EF and inattention. This study demonstrated meaningful person-specific trajectories of EFs, suggesting that future study should undertake the analysis of individual development before data-aggregation or generalization from aggregate statistics to individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":" ","pages":"73-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7869624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25355453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiling a Spectrum of Mental Job Demands and their Linkages to Employee Outcomes.","authors":"Saija Mauno, Jaana Minkkinen","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2020.22046","DOIUrl":"10.17505/jpor.2020.22046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Working life is becoming more mentally demanding and intense due to technological acceleration. The present study explored employees' experiences of different mental job demands (MJDs) and their outcomes (job burnout, job performance, and meaning of work). We focused on intra- and inter-individual variations and possible harmful combinations of MJDs, which we explored via latent profile analysis (LPA). To identify harmful combinations of MJDs, we also investigated how the profiles of MJDs related to the outcomes of interest. The study was based on a diverse sample of Finnish employees (n = 4,583). LPA showed that both intra-individual and inter-individual variation characterized MJDs as we identified five latent profiles of MJDs. The most harmful profile, which predicted the most negative outcomes (particularly job burnout), was characterized by employees' scoring high on all MJDs. A profile characterized by low learning demands and moderate level of other MJDs was also a harmful combination in terms of outcomes. In contrast, a profile characterized by moderate level of learning demands and low level of other MJDs did not relate to negative outcomes. Altogether, the findings suggest that different MJDs may co-occur implying risks to employee well-being and performance. However, MJDs simultaneously form a complex spectrum that may differ within and between individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"55-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7842612/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25355452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rank-Order of Body Shapes Reveals Internal Hierarchy of Body Image.","authors":"Revital Naor-Ziv, Rose King, Joseph Glicksohn","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2020.22044","DOIUrl":"10.17505/jpor.2020.22044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How do individuals rank body shapes? Does this relate to the body part one is most dissatisfied with? Our study investigates whether one can generalize regarding how women represent the body. Three BMI-calibrated images from the Photographic Figure Rating Scale, representative of thin (BMI = 14.72), medium (BMI = 20.33), and large (BMI = 29.26) shapes, were divided into torso, legs and arms, and saved as individual images on a black background. Of 27 possible composite images, 8 were chosen based on a Torso (thin vs. large) × Leg (thin/large vs. medium) × Arm (thin vs. large) design. Our 44 female participants ordered these from thinnest to largest. This was first according to torso, then leg, and finally arm: 41 individuals agreed on the thinnest image (thin torso, thin legs, thin arms), followed by a second image (thin torso, thin legs, large arms, n = 26; or thin torso, medium legs, thin arms, n = 10). One participant differed markedly in her choice of the first image (large torso, medium legs, thin arms). Interestingly, she scored 10 on the EDI-2 scale of Bulimic Tendencies, revealing high risk for bulimia, suggesting that our task might be useful for studying eating disorders. Our juxtaposition of two analytic procedures-partial order scalogram analysis (POSAC) and cluster analysis-enables one to uncover such outliers in a data set. Importantly, the 2D POSAC space clearly reveals the hierarchical structure of the body image.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"28-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7842620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25355450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Autonomy Always Beneficial for Work Engagement? A Six-year Four-Wave Follow-Up Study.","authors":"Piia Seppälä,&nbsp;Anne Mäkikangas,&nbsp;Jari J Hakanen,&nbsp;Asko Tolvanen,&nbsp;Taru Feldt","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2020.22043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17505/jpor.2020.22043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Work engagement is expected to result from job resources such as autonomy. However, previous results have yielded that the autonomy-work engagement relationship is not always particularly strong. Whereas previous longitudinal studies have examined this relationship as an average at a specific point in time, this study examined whether this relationship is different within individuals from one time to another over the years. Furthermore, experiences of work engagement are expected to affect how employees benefit from autonomy, but no studies have so far investigated whether the initial level of work engagement affects the autonomy-work engagement relationship. This study aimed to first identify the different kinds of longitudinal relationship patterns between autonomy and work engagement, and then to investigate whether the identified relationship patterns differ in terms of the initial mean level of work engagement. The four-wave study was conducted among Finnish managers (<i>n</i> = 329) over a period of six years. Multilevel regression mixture analysis identified five relationship patterns. Four of the patterns showed a positive predictive relationship between autonomy and work engagement. However, the relationship was statistically significant in only one of these patterns. Furthermore, when the initial mean level of work engagement was high, autonomy related more strongly to work engagement. However, an atypical pattern was identified that showed a negative association between autonomy and work engagement. In this pattern, the mean level of work engagement was low. Consequently, autonomy may not always enhance work engagement; sometimes this relationship may even be negative.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"16-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7842623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25355466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}