{"title":"Simulation Daily Mobility in Rabat Region Using Multi-Agent Systems Models","authors":"Khalid Qbouche;Khadija Rhoulami","doi":"10.13052/jicts2245-800X.10210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/jicts2245-800X.10210","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the rapid urbanization of the world, the issue of daily movement has become an important topic. It examines the daily movements of people and analyzes the behavior of individuals. This system is closely related to the urban area, especially traffic. This work will provide a mixed model of daily mobility and a person's shifting condition. Bottom-up techniques, such as Markov Chain and Multi-agent Systems, allow the creation of individual or group displacements. Bayesian Belief Network combined with Markov Chain allow for designing and managing individual behavior displacements.","PeriodicalId":36697,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ICT Standardization","volume":"10 2","pages":"293-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/10251929/10254727/10255415.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68110511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Basic Activity Recognition from Wearable Sensors Using a Lightweight Deep Neural Network","authors":"Zakaria Benhaili;Youness Abouqora;Youssef Balouki;Lahcen Moumoun","doi":"10.13052/jicts2245-800X.1028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/jicts2245-800X.1028","url":null,"abstract":"The field of human activity recognition has undergone a great development, making its presence felt in various sectors such as healthcare and supervision. The identification of fundamental behaviours that occur regularly in our everyday lives can be extremely useful in the development of systems that aid the elderly, as well as opening the door to the detection of more complicated activities in a Smart home environment. Recently, the use of deep learning techniques allowed the extraction of features from sensor's readings automatically, in a hierarchical way through non-linear transformations. In this study, we propose a deep learning model that can work with raw data without any pre-processing. Several human activities can be recognized by our stacked LSTM network. We demonstrate that our outcomes are comparable to or better than those obtained by traditional feature engineering approaches. Furthermore, our model is lightweight and can be applied on edge devices. Based on our expertise with two datasets, we obtained an accuracy of 97.15% on the UCI HAR dataset and 99% on WISDM dataset.","PeriodicalId":36697,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ICT Standardization","volume":"10 2","pages":"241-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/10251929/10254727/10255406.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68111657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inter-PLMN Mobility Management Challenges for Supporting Cross-Border Connected and Automated Mobility (CAM) Over 5G Networks","authors":"Konstantinos Trichias;Panagiotis Demestichas;Nikolaos Mitrou","doi":"10.13052/jicts2245-800X.924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/jicts2245-800X.924","url":null,"abstract":"As the first 5G networks are being deployed across the world, new services enabled by the superior performance of 5G in terms of throughput, latency and reliability are emerging. Connected and Automated Mobility (CAM) services are perhaps among the most demanding applications that 5G networks will have to support and their deployment, performance and potential for improvement has been well investigated over the past few years. However, CAM operation in multi-operator environments and the inevitable inter-PLMN handover caused by the inherent mobility of CAM services have not been studied in length. Moreover, the multiple domains, multi-vendor components and inherent high mobility of the cross-border vehicular environment, introduce multiple challenges in terms of network management and dynamic slicing, making Zero-touch network and Service Management (ZSM) solutions an attractive alternative for these environments. The work presented in this study attempts to analyse the requirements for cross-border CAM operation for the five main CAM use cases selected by 3GPP, based on input from key European stakeholders (Network Operators, vendors, Automotive Manufacturers etc.). A detailed analysis and categorization into four categories of the main challenges for cross-border CAM service provisioning is performed, namely Telecommunication, Application, Security/Privacy and Regulatory issues, while potential solutions based on existing and upcoming technological enablers are discussed for each of them. The role of standardization and relevant regulatory and administrative bodies is analysed, leading to insights regarding the most promising future research directions in the field of cross-border CAM services.","PeriodicalId":36697,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ICT Standardization","volume":"9 2","pages":"113-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/10251929/10255460/10255486.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68121010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nidhi;Bahram Khan;Albena Mihovska;Ramjee Prasad;Fernando J. Velez
{"title":"Trends in Standardization Towards 6G","authors":"Nidhi;Bahram Khan;Albena Mihovska;Ramjee Prasad;Fernando J. Velez","doi":"10.13052/jicts2245-800X.932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/jicts2245-800X.932","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile networks have always been an indispensable part of a fully connected digital society. The industry and academia have joined hands to develop technologies for the anticipated future wireless communication. The predicted Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and use cases for the 6G networks have raised the bar high. 6G networks are developing to provide the required infrastructure for many new devices and services. The 6G networks are conceptualized to partially inherit 5G technologies and standards but they will open the ground for innovations. This study provides the vision and requirements for beyond 5G (B5G) networks and emphasizes our vision on the required standards to reach a fully functional and interoperable 6G era in general. We highlight various KPIs and enabling technologies for the B5G networks. In addition, standardization activities and initiatives concerning challenges in the use of spectrum are discussed in detail.","PeriodicalId":36697,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ICT Standardization","volume":"9 3","pages":"327-348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/10251929/10255453/10266733.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68097851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"LoRa-Alliance Regional Parameters Overview","authors":"Dave Kjendal","doi":"10.13052/jicts2245-800X.914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/jicts2245-800X.914","url":null,"abstract":"The LoRaWAN® Regional Parameters specification defines the adaptation of the LoRaWAN® Link Layer specification to comply with the various regulations enforced throughout the world on the use of various frequency bands of unlicensed spectrum which are available. It defines default values for Link Layer parameters and channel plans. Each of the regional channel plans can be broadly characterized as dynamic channel plans, with a small number of default channels, or fixed channel plans, where all channels are defined then selectively activated by the network. Regional parameters are defined for a vast majority of countries in the world, using 9 main channel plans, and support for additional countries is regularly added.","PeriodicalId":36697,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ICT Standardization","volume":"9 1","pages":"35-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/10251929/10255463/10255478.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68113987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Data-Driven Business Model Innovation for 6G","authors":"Sriganesh K. Rao","doi":"10.13052/jicts2245-800X.935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/jicts2245-800X.935","url":null,"abstract":"Futuristic disruptive technologies like 6G, could further transform the way we live and work, beyond what was enabled by 5G. The expected features could enable massive high-speed and low-latency connectivity across diverse devices giving rise to new applications enabling instant availability of data related to Smart Cities, Industries 4.0, Intelligent Transport Systems, Utilities, Healthcare, Security, Media & Entertainment, etc. They will further make it possible to scale current real-time data collection strategies, adding more devices without the need for wired connections or fear of interference. Data is considered as the new oil due to tremendous possibilities it can bring in the business world through predictive and prescriptive analytics. This gives rise to the importance of data-driven business model innovation to provide actionable insights to the business owners, helping them to develop sustainable business models. Organizations using big data and analytics within their innovation process are more likely to remain competitive and sustainable. This paper discusses the importance of harnessing “Real-time Data” to create value, the challenges in harnessing value from data especially “dark data,” the role of “Data-driven Business Model Innovation” in creating sustainable business and Intelligent Transport System Data-driven Business Model Innovation as an example.","PeriodicalId":36697,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ICT Standardization","volume":"9 3","pages":"405-426"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/10251929/10255453/10255491.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68097855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"LoRa Alliance Certification - Journal of ICT","authors":"Derek Hunt","doi":"10.13052/jicts2245-800X.912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/jicts2245-800X.912","url":null,"abstract":"LoRaWAN® Certification of devices is critical for effective and efficient mass deployment of LoRaWAN Networks, as it ensures devices will work on any network, under all conditions. Certified Devices significantly reduce the support costs as any product failures detected later when the device is deployed is far more expensive to repair and poor RF performance of the device increase number of gateways needed and cost of the network infostructure.","PeriodicalId":36697,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ICT Standardization","volume":"9 1","pages":"13-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/10251929/10255463/10255488.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68113985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pedro Henrique Gomes;Magnus Buhrgard;János Harmatos;Swarup Kumar Mohalik;Dinand Roeland;Jörg Niemöller
{"title":"Intent-Driven Closed Loops for Autonomous Networks","authors":"Pedro Henrique Gomes;Magnus Buhrgard;János Harmatos;Swarup Kumar Mohalik;Dinand Roeland;Jörg Niemöller","doi":"10.13052/jicts2245-800X.929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/jicts2245-800X.929","url":null,"abstract":"Closed loops are key enablers for automation that have been successfully used in many industries for long, and more recently for computing and networking applications. The Zero-touch network and service management (ZSM) framework introduced standardized components that allow the creation, execution, and governance of multiple closed loops, enabling zero-touch management of end-to-end services across different management domains. However, the coordinated and optimal instantiation and operation of multiple closed loops is an open question that is left for implementation by the ZSM specifications. In this paper, we propose a methodology that uses intents as a way of communicating requirements to be considered by autonomous management domains to coordinate hierarchies of closed loops. The intent-driven methodology facilitates hierarchical and peer interactions for delegation and escalation of intents. Furthermore, it extends the existing management capabilities of the ZSM framework and facilitates conflict-free integration of closed loops by setting optimal (and non-conflicting) goals that each closed loop in the hierarchy needs to account for. We show an example of the application of the proposed methodology in a network slicing assurance use case. The new capabilities introduced in this paper can be considered as an extension of the ZSM framework to be used in scenarios where multiple intent-driven closed loops exist.","PeriodicalId":36697,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ICT Standardization","volume":"9 2","pages":"257-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/10251929/10255460/10255461.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68121006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoting Huang;Takahito Yoshizawa;Sheeba Backia Mary Baskaran
{"title":"Authentication Mechanisms in the 5G System","authors":"Xiaoting Huang;Takahito Yoshizawa;Sheeba Backia Mary Baskaran","doi":"10.13052/jicts2245-800X.921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/jicts2245-800X.921","url":null,"abstract":"The 5G system introduces multiple new authentication mechanisms. The initial 5G specification in 3GPP Release 15 defines the initial security solution including primary and secondary authentication. Further enhancements and additional security features are added in Release 16; some of them introduce new types of authentication. As a result, the scope and meaning of ‘authentication’ has expanded. This is a new trend in the 5G system as it introduces new concepts that did not exist in the preceding generation systems. One such example is the slice authentication for which the authentication is performed at the network slice level. As a result, the authentication mechanisms become more complex. This paper clarifies the details of each of these different authentication mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":36697,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ICT Standardization","volume":"9 2","pages":"61-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/10251929/10255460/10255480.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68121013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"I2BN: Intelligent Intent Based Networks","authors":"Péter Szilágyi","doi":"10.13052/jicts2245-800X.926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/jicts2245-800X.926","url":null,"abstract":"Intent based network management reduces the complexity of network programming from a growing set of deeply technical APIs to context-free high-level objectives that the network should autonomously achieve and keep. The practical implementation of an intent based network requires substantial automation technology embedded in the network. Automation should cover the entire lifecycle of intents, from their ingestion to fulfillment and assurance. This article investigates the feasibility of automatically assembling interworking implementation units into intent specific automation pipelines, where units are reusable self-learning closed loop micro-services with self-declared capabilities. Each closed loop may gain knowledge and respond to dynamically changing network conditions, thereby enabling network autonomy in reaching the declared intent objectives. The human-network intent interface for expressing intents is proposed to be based on the aggregation of the deployed network and service automation capabilities, rather than a formalism decoupled from the actual network implementation. This principle removes the ambiguity and compatibility gap between human intent definition and machine intent fulfillment, while retaining the flexibility and extendibility of the intents offered by any specific system via onboarding additional micro-services with novel capabilities. The concepts discussed by the article fit into the architecture and closed loop work items already defined by ETSI ZSM and provides considerations towards new areas such as intent driven autonomous networks and enablers for automation.","PeriodicalId":36697,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ICT Standardization","volume":"9 2","pages":"159-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/10251929/10255460/10255479.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68121018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}