Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science最新文献

{"title":"D.D. Palmer (1845-1913) e as origens da quiropraxia no século XIX","authors":"Selma Cosso Neves","doi":"10.23925/1980-7651.2017V19;P58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23925/1980-7651.2017V19;P58","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":366399,"journal":{"name":"Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science","volume":"120 17-18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114707212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Telharmonium: Art of and apparatus for generating and distributing music electronically","authors":"Rodrigo Braga","doi":"10.23925/1980-7651.2017V19;P59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23925/1980-7651.2017V19;P59","url":null,"abstract":"The Telharmonium was a musical instrument created in the late 19th century, of great technical complexity and size, to the point it came to occupy a three-story building in New York City. Telephone cables were used to stream music for homes, restaurants, clubs and other places through a subscription service. The instrument, fruit of the labor of Thaddeus Cahill (1867-1934), an electrical engineer, enabled changes in tons as it was played, thus resembling an orchestra. Cahill filed several patent applications, reformulating them every time, for over twenty years until 1897, when he finally obtained the desired registration.","PeriodicalId":366399,"journal":{"name":"Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121692542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Albert of Saxony and the argumentation for ten celestial orbs in the 14th century","authors":"Raíssa Rocha Bombini","doi":"10.23925/1980-7651.2017V19;P151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23925/1980-7651.2017V19;P151","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the present research is the work by Alberto of Saxony, a master at the Faculty of Arts of University of Paris, who discussed, in the middle of the 14th century, the number of orbs that would be in the cosmos. As a methodological approach, I chose rhetorical analysis of the sixth question of the second book in treatise Quaestiones subtilissime Alberti de saxonia in libros de celo et mundo, from c. 1351. During the 14th century, many scholars were concerned with commenting and explaining the Aristotelian works that had reached the Christian West during the precedent centuries. Among their inquiries, one was on the number of orbs in the cosmos, namely, the Aristotelian cosmos. The answers to this question provided during the Middle Ages depended on the movements the scholars attributed to the orb of the fixed stars. As one of them, Albert of Saxony, who also commented Aristotle’s De caelo et mundo, suggested that there were ten orbs, being two beyond the sphere of the fixed stars. To prove his idea, Albert used a rhetorical structure commonly found in scholarly works from this period, for rhetoric was fundamental for the construction of the quaestiones. He began his argumentation by mentioning ideas contrary to his and the arguments that supported them, to then put his own views forward. At this point, to support his thesis, Albert mentions Thabit ibn Qurra, a Harranite scholar from the 9th century, to whom it was attributed, during the Middle Ages, the discovery of a movement of the fixed stars called motus accessus et recessus. I argue that the presence of Thabit’s ideas in this quaestio might be explained as an auctoritas, i.e., textual authority, a resource frequently used in argumentative structures to reinforce or diminish a thesis. In consequence, the motu accesus et recessuss was used to explain the celestial structure advocated by Albert, as since he attributed another movement to the orb of the stars, extra orbs were justified. The present study analyzes Quaestio 6 as a way to clarify Alberto's argument for the ten celestial orbs, as well as his use of Thabit ibn Qurra’s ideas. Thus I hope to contribute to the studies on this work by Albert of Saxony and his role in the cosmology of the late Middle Ages.","PeriodicalId":366399,"journal":{"name":"Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129970189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reform and Religious Heterodoxy in Thomas Robert Malthus’s “Crises” and the First Edition of the Essay on the Principle of Population","authors":"J. Stewart","doi":"10.23925/1980-7651.2017V19;P1-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23925/1980-7651.2017V19;P1-17","url":null,"abstract":"The first edition of Thomas Robert Malthus’ Essay on the Principle of Population is best understood as an exploration of human nature and the role of necessity in shaping the individual and society.  The author’s liberal education, both from his father and his tutors at Warrington and Cambridge, is evident in his heterodox views on hell, his Lockean conceptualization of the mind, and his Foxite Whig politics.  Malthus’ unpublished essay, “Crises,” his sermons, and the the last two chapters of the Essay (which were excised from subsequent editions) reveal a pragmatic, compassionate side of the young author that was under appreciated by both his contemporary critics and modern historians.  The Essay has been mischaracterized by David McNally (2000) as a “Whig response to Radicalism” and by Patricia James (1979) as a reaction by Malthus against his father’s liberalism.  This article argues that when he wrote the first edition of the Essay on the Principle of Population , Malthus was himself a liberal dissenter and Foxite Whig rather than an orthodox Anglican or a Burkean defender of traditional class relations.","PeriodicalId":366399,"journal":{"name":"Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127235267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Um estudo sobre o desenvolvimento instrumental da cozinha paulista, na primeira metade do século XX","authors":"Lucia Bernadete Soares de Lima","doi":"10.23925/1980-7651.2017v19;p57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23925/1980-7651.2017v19;p57","url":null,"abstract":"A primeira metade do século XX representou para São Paulo, um período de grande desenvolvimento urbano, influenciado pelo avanço da industrialização e o crescimento da economia. As aspirações de modernidade da elite paulistana mudaram a fisionomia da cidade e puderam ser observadas, também, em seus lares, com a aquisição de novos instrumentos de cozinha, como o fogão a gás – símbolo de desenvolvimento tecnológico da época.","PeriodicalId":366399,"journal":{"name":"Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121798878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ronald Fisher and eugeneics: Statistics, evolution and genetics in the quest for permanent civilization","authors":"Rodrigo Andrade da Cruz","doi":"10.23925/1980-7651.2017V19;P153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23925/1980-7651.2017V19;P153","url":null,"abstract":"Ronald A. Fisher (1890-1962) is one of the most prestigious scientists in the history of statistics and genetics. And it could not be different. He contributed to several areas of knowledge, including mathematical formulations. He is also considered one of the main architects of the neoDarwinian synthesis an intellectual movement that was able to reunite two rival currents scientists, to wit, the Mendelian saltationists and the gradualist Darwinists, within one same theoretical-conceptual scope. At the beginning of the twentieth century, this conflict between the two currents seemed unsolvable.","PeriodicalId":366399,"journal":{"name":"Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130406259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nikola Tesla and studies on x-rays: rereading a nearly erased story","authors":"Aroldo Quinto De Souza","doi":"10.23925/1980-7651.2017V19;P152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23925/1980-7651.2017V19;P152","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":366399,"journal":{"name":"Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124598559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"John Theophilus Desaguliers: A Newtonian between patronage and market relations","authors":"Luiz Carlos Soares","doi":"10.23925/ISSN.1980-7651.V18P12-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23925/ISSN.1980-7651.V18P12-31","url":null,"abstract":"The dissemination of the mechanical and Newtonian experimental philosophy in 18 th -century England arose fascination in relation to the possible application of this new knowledge to the needs of productive life and the general welfare of the population. The activity of many independent and/or itinerant lecturers proved to be fundamental to spread the Newtonian philosophy and allow for the emergence of an ideal of applied science. In the present paper I discuss the intellectual trajectory of John Theophilus Desaguliers (1683-1744), who was the curator, or ‘official experimenter’, of the Royal Society of London and became a pioneer in the spreading of Newtonianism, as well as one of the most important and most respected independent lecturers on mechanical and experimental philosophy in the first half of the 18 th century.","PeriodicalId":366399,"journal":{"name":"Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134413994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"4. Considerations on the Meaning of Sterility in the Patriarchal Cycle","authors":"Suzana Chwarts","doi":"10.12957/PRINCIPIA.2009.7963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12957/PRINCIPIA.2009.7963","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the concept of sterility as idealized in the Biblical text and exemplified in the stories of Sarah and Abraham, Rebecca, Leah, Rachel and Jacob. My analysis of these stories leads to the hypothesis that sterility is one of the foundational themes of Israel's ancient past, by condensing some of the main obstacles inherent to the emergency of a people who believe to be guided by God. This new perspective on sterility was achieved by focusing on the spectrum of meanings of the Hebrew root 'qr, which includes infertility and uprooting; these, added to famine in the land, are experiences that will shape the religious conscience of Israel. This approach amplifies the perception of sterility in the Hebrew Bible, as it emerges from the text as a liminal state of deprivation , in opposition to the contents of the divine oath to the patriarchs (progeny and land). But even while enclosing lack of productivity, weakness and death, which have a negative value, Biblical sterility is not a closed circle, but a space open to potentiality, where divine revelation occurs. God reveals himself through sterility and in sterility. The originality and the notion of specificity in the biblical idea of sterility lie in this cyclical trait, which breaks the circumscription and negative orientation of sterility. The Bible presents sterility as a transitory state, an area for individual and corporate transformation of status. In an ideological system, such as ancient Israel’s, where contractual relations replace natural relations, sterility functions as a powerful symbol of the relationship among men and between men and God. And this may be the reason why sterile matriarch’s traditions were continually re-interpreted, from the 10th century BCE until the 1st century CE, and could be adapted to new contexts and make sense to distinct communities, particularly in times of crisis and transition.","PeriodicalId":366399,"journal":{"name":"Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128560441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}