Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science最新文献_第4页

Science networking: role of online encyclopaedias 科学网络:在线百科全书的作用

Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.23925/1980-7651.2018v21;p84-95

Nataša Jermen, Zdenko Jecić

{"title":"Science networking: role of online encyclopaedias","authors":"Nataša Jermen, Zdenko Jecić","doi":"10.23925/1980-7651.2018v21;p84-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23925/1980-7651.2018v21;p84-95","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the role of online encyclopaedias as a specific component of the scientific infrastructure, using the example of the Croatian encyclopaedistics. The functionalities of digital media generated new epistemic characteristics of encyclopaedias by transforming them into the active platforms for dissemination and generation of new knowledge. Thanks to their role in synthesis, networking and generation of knowledge, online encyclopaedias might be applied to history of science and technology research, in which multi-layered, interdisciplinary approach is obligatory. The recently initiated open-access Croatian Encyclopaedia of Technology and its role in elaborating the field’s knowledge are described. This encyclopaedia is the framework for the development of the Portal of Croatian Technology Heritage, which will serve as a platform for networking and sharing information from various sources. The portal will contribute to the development of research in history of technology, but also to the revalorisation and the sustainability of the national technology heritage and the positioning of Croatian technology in the global context.","PeriodicalId":366399,"journal":{"name":"Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125299287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The other side of the story: challenges and opportunities in building sustainable online knowledge resources 故事的另一面:建立可持续的在线知识资源的挑战和机遇

Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.23925/1980-7651.2018V21;P13-20

Ailie Smith

引用次数: 0

Digitising Charles Babbage at the Science Museum, London: managing expectations, enabling access 数字化查尔斯·巴贝奇在伦敦科学博物馆:管理期望，使访问成为可能

Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.23925/1980-7651.2018V21;P56-62

N. Wyatt

引用次数: 0

From the Golem's Jewish Myth to IBM's responsive Watson: where are we going? 从魔像的犹太神话到IBM的反应灵敏的沃森:我们将走向何方?

Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.23925/1980-7651.2018V21;P118-122

J. L. Goldfarb, Odecio Souza

引用次数: 0

History of science: the problem of cataloging, knowledge indexing and information retrieval in the digital space 科学史:数字空间中的编目、知识标引和信息检索问题

Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.23925/1980-7651.2018V21;P41-55

Carla Bromberg

{"title":"History of science: the problem of cataloging, knowledge indexing and information retrieval in the digital space","authors":"Carla Bromberg","doi":"10.23925/1980-7651.2018V21;P41-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23925/1980-7651.2018V21;P41-55","url":null,"abstract":"Text-based and multimedia documents in and for history of science are displayed in libraries and ought to be organized to make knowledge and information on history of science accessible. The traditional approach to the organization of and access to knowledge and information was expressed by classification schemes primarily influenced by philosophical traditions, and then mostly based on the literary warrant principle. Within this context, the scholarly and scientific literature was seen as representing facts about knowledge and structures of knowledge. Cataloging and classification were essential to provide users access to information. Cataloging elements consist of bibliographic description, subject analysis and classification. Currently, within the digital environment, not only text-based documents, but documents of all sorts must be included, classified and organized in order to be browsed. In this paper I call the attention to some of the improvements and challenges that currently affect the relationship between catalogs, knowledge organization, classification and information retrieval. As an example I mention the catalog-interface that is being developed for the digital library of CESIMA-Brazil.","PeriodicalId":366399,"journal":{"name":"Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128442958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Building infrastructure in the digital age: case study of the Isis Bibliography of History of Science, 2002-2018 数字时代的基础设施建设:2002-2018年Isis科学史书目的案例研究

Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.23925/1980-7651.2018V21;P21-40

Stephen P. Weldon

{"title":"Building infrastructure in the digital age: case study of the Isis Bibliography of History of Science, 2002-2018","authors":"Stephen P. Weldon","doi":"10.23925/1980-7651.2018V21;P21-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23925/1980-7651.2018V21;P21-40","url":null,"abstract":"The IsisCB Explore went online in 2015 as a foundational digital resource for historians of science. Built on the History of Science Society’s 100-year-old Isis Bibliography of the History of Science, this service is meant to lay the groundwork for a digital infrastructure to support historical work in the relatively new digital environment where so much modern scholarship now takes place. In order to create this resource, the director of the project, Stephen Weldon, has learned how to shape traditional historical methods, practices, and resources to fit the new digital paradigm. Computer and networking technologies have been built out of the needs and practices of technologists, natural scientists, and business innovators, all of whom employ it in very specific ways, quite different from the practices of humanistic scholarship, and history in particular. As a result, the digital environment is not especially friendly to historical work or products. As a result, it has taken a great deal of effort to understand and refactor historical data so that it functions well within a digital knowledge ecology, a “knowledge infrastructure,” as Christine Borgman refers to it. This paper describes the difficulties (epistemological, cultural, and economic) that make the creation of tools like the IsisCB Explore service challenging for historians and suggests some ways forward.","PeriodicalId":366399,"journal":{"name":"Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130954323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The correspondence of Ferdinand von Mueller: from nineteenth century paper to twenty first century data 费迪南德·冯·穆勒的通信:从19世纪的论文到21世纪的数据

Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.23925/1980-7651.2018V21;P63-70

G. McCarthy

{"title":"The correspondence of Ferdinand von Mueller: from nineteenth century paper to twenty first century data","authors":"G. McCarthy","doi":"10.23925/1980-7651.2018V21;P63-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23925/1980-7651.2018V21;P63-70","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a case study that demonstrates how a long term research activity, with the intention to create a scholarly edition of scientific correspondence, can be liberated from its print paradigm strictures to join the twenty first century world of interconnected knowledge. The Von Mueller Correspondence Project has produced a corpus of over 15,600 digitally transcribed letters and related materials focused on the period 1840 to 1896. These are complemented by materials in a range of forms that refer to Mueller dating from 1814 to 1931. Mueller was a prolific correspondent and established links with hundreds of fellow botanists and biologists across the globe; most of these, and certainly the most notable, will be registered in the History of Science Society Isis Cumulative Bibliography as Authority Records with links to publications about them and is some cases publications by them. The long-term plan is to systemically interlink the Von Mueller Correspondence Project digital corpus and the Isis Cumulative Bibliography and develop the synergies that will drive digital humanities analysis and future scholarly endeavour. That is the vision but what is the reality? At what stage is the project now? How did it get this far? What steps remain? How does the story of this project help us better understand the imperatives of digital scholarship – its strengths and its challenges?","PeriodicalId":366399,"journal":{"name":"Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121414512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Thirteen ways of looking at institutional history: a model for digital exhibitions from science archives 十三种看待机构历史的方式:一个科学档案数字展览的模型

Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.23925/1980-7651.2018V21;P71-83

V. Srinivasan, T. Dinesh, Bhanu Prakash, A. Shalini

{"title":"Thirteen ways of looking at institutional history: a model for digital exhibitions from science archives","authors":"V. Srinivasan, T. Dinesh, Bhanu Prakash, A. Shalini","doi":"10.23925/1980-7651.2018V21;P71-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23925/1980-7651.2018V21;P71-83","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decade, there have been many efforts to streamline the accessibility of archival material on the web. This includes easy display of oral history interviews and archival records, and making their content more amenable to searches. Science archives wrestle with new challenges, of not just putting out the data, but of building spaces where historians, journalists, the scientific community and the general public can see stories emerging from the linking of seemingly disparate records. We offer a design architecture for an online public history exhibit that takes material from existing archives. Such a digital exhibit allows us to explore the middle space between raw archival data and a finished piece of work (like a book or documentary). The National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS) digital exhibit is built around thirteen ways to reflect upon and assemble the history of the institution, which is based in Bangalore, India. (A nod to Wallace Stevens' poem, “Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird”). The exhibit tries to bring to light multiple interpretations of NCBS, weaved by the voices of over 70 story tellers. The material for the exhibit is curated from records collected to build the Centre's archive. The oral history excerpts, along with over 600 photographs, official records, letters, and the occasional lab note, give a glimpse into the Centre's multifaceted history and show connections with the present.","PeriodicalId":366399,"journal":{"name":"Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129038853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Perspectiva Pictorum – um exercício de ilusionismo arquitetônico no Tempodo Barroco 画图透视——巴洛克时期建筑幻觉主义的一种实践

Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2017-12-14 DOI: 10.23925/1980-7651.2017V20;P61-111

M. Mello

{"title":"Perspectiva Pictorum – um exercício de ilusionismo arquitetônico no Tempodo Barroco","authors":"M. Mello","doi":"10.23925/1980-7651.2017V20;P61-111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23925/1980-7651.2017V20;P61-111","url":null,"abstract":"The presented study focuses on analysing the pictorial decoration of realistic forms of architecture named by quadrature, whose origin in Luso-Brazilian universe dates from the first half of the 18 th century. This text approaches a theme scarcely studied and investigated in the historiography of Brazilian and Portuguese art, with the exception of stylistic studies of Baroque and Rococo as a whole, but, rarely, the false architecture painting has been examined isolatedly. This subject aims to link the study of the painting of Baroque period with the science of Perspective. The analysis of representations of false spaces in perspectic “break-ins” combined with the evolution of the theoretical conception inserted in foreign treatises diffused in Portugal is another important aspect, without, however, neglect the Portuguese writings. Beyond the particular attention devoted to the painting itself, another concern was the relation between the real and the falsely built space. It is well known that the illusionistic painting constitutes an essential modality in the creation of rich interiors, for it is presented as a type of formal contamination in which Painting and Architecture mutually interpenetrate and simulate in audacious scenographic effects.","PeriodicalId":366399,"journal":{"name":"Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125563837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Milk – A National Problem: scientific research instruments in professional education in São Paulo (1940 - 1955) 牛奶——一个全国性的问题:圣保罗专业教育中的科研仪器(1940 - 1955)

Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2017-12-14 DOI: 10.23925/1980-7651.2017v20;p18-42

Maria Carvalho

{"title":"Milk – A National Problem: scientific research instruments in professional education in São Paulo (1940 - 1955)","authors":"Maria Carvalho","doi":"10.23925/1980-7651.2017v20;p18-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23925/1980-7651.2017v20;p18-42","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of the present paper is on work MILK – A National Problem , written by the doctor, journalist and professor Francisco Pompeo do Amaral, which earned the National Academy of Medicine 1955 award, and was then published by Jose Olympio Editora in 1957. The reason of our interest is the presence of memory hints relevant for the history of chemistry and dietetics, such as scientific instruments and iconographic and bibliographic documents deposited at Memory Center, Carlos de Campos State Technical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil. To elucidate the process of management of this work, we describe the studies conducted from the 1940s onward at Superintendency of Professional Education of the State of Sao Paulo, involving the dietitian staff, namely teachers at course for “Food Assistants or Dietitians”, which was the be first devoted to diet and nutrition in Brazil, established by Pompeo do Amaral in 1936. The aforementioned studies mention dietary surveys conducted with students at the female and male professional institutes of Sao Paulo, as well as teaching practices recorded in books and scientific journals from 1940 to 1955, which provide information on the use of scientific instruments in chemical laboratories via the iconographic records of the Institutes and exhibited at Diet and Nutrition Visiting Technical Reserve.","PeriodicalId":366399,"journal":{"name":"Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117155010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0