Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science最新文献

{"title":"CesimaDigital: a tool for the History of Science","authors":"Odecio Souza","doi":"10.23925/1980-7651.2019v24;p100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23925/1980-7651.2019v24;p100","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":366399,"journal":{"name":"Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134092969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro-História e Psicanálise: Ginzburg discute o caso clínico Homem dos Lobos de Sigmund Freud","authors":"R. M. Gomes","doi":"10.23925/1980-7651.2019v24;p83-98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23925/1980-7651.2019v24;p83-98","url":null,"abstract":"In search of a fruitful relationship between Psychoanalysis and History, this article aims to evaluate how Carlo Ginzburg, throughout his intellectual and academic career, discussed Psychoanalysis in the light of Micro-History. Thus, the work of Ginzburg Mitos, emblemas, sinais: morfologia e história was a rich source for this search. In the chapters Sinais: raízes de um paradigma indiciário and, especially, Freud, o homem dos lobos e os lobisomens, Ginzburg critically discusses Freud`s interpretations on his most important clinical case, a Russian patient named Serguei Constantinovitch Pankejeff (1887-1979), known as the Wolf man. Ginzburg recognizes the magnitude of Freud’s work, but he shows its limitations indicating that the author did not sufficiently consider his patient’s cultural background and gave a greater focus on individuation. Also, Ginzburg allowed demonstrating in his work the importance of Psychoanalysis in the development of the evidentiary paradigm concept, which is fundamental to Micro-history.","PeriodicalId":366399,"journal":{"name":"Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science","volume":"261 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122463833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chlorpromazine: a remedy of its time","authors":"J. A. Porto","doi":"10.23925/1980-7651.2019v24;p101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23925/1980-7651.2019v24;p101","url":null,"abstract":"In order to historically validate the widely accepted argument that the cornerstone of contemporary psychiatry’s biological conceptual structure was the introduction of chlorpromazine to the treatment of mental illness in 1952, one has to adopt a historiographical model allowing a narrative of a fortuitous, or serendipitous, discovery, without any previous theoretical assumptions, that ends up provoking a chain of events that shapes a sort of scientific revolution in psychiatry in the second half of 20th century. However, if one is to consider, as we do in this study, the direct analysis of historical documentation, then the aforementioned narrative will no longer be even possible, since the documents — the first published scientific articles on chlorpromazine — not only make solid references to the theoretical conceptions that led the authors to chlorpromazine, but also do locate this theory in a specific line of research. This line is related to shock therapies, the methods of unprecedented effectiveness that were celebrated as the major theme of the First International Congress of Psychiatry, held in Paris in 1950, which guaranteed the institutionalization of the specialty through the creation of its world association of professionals, thanks to the political, corporate and scientific articulation devised by illustrious psychiatrist Jean Delay (1907-1987). The young and restless professor of the chair of mental medicine at the University of Paris was adept of synthetic, holistic, perspectives of thought, still frequent in that historical context, which allowed him to advocate for the unification of psychiatry around the results of shock treatments, as well as to predict, from the same rationale, that analogous effects could be obtained with chlorpromazine, given its tropism for certain regions of the nervous system. In addition to a historical narrative covering all mentioned events, our study seeks to outline a map of the scope and internal coherence of the theories that introduced chlorpromazine, a cartography that places it at the centre of a conceptual network that includes several authors, among them Henri Laborit, Hans Selye, Walter Cannon, Philip Bard, René Leriche, James Reilly, Harold Wolff, Henri Claude, Ladislas von Meduna, Ugo Cerletti, Manfred Sakel, Antonio Egas-Moniz, Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Kurt Goldstein, Charles Sherrington, John Hughlings Jackson, and several others. Seeking to establish criteria regarding the divergence found with the predominant historiographical model, we conclude that chlorpromazine was an authentic product of the scientific postulates of the medical theories widely referenced during the first half of the twentieth century, the same ones that conceived it as a remedy of its time. 1 jeporto1977@gmail.com","PeriodicalId":366399,"journal":{"name":"Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126546120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appraising waters — The assimilation of chemists into the trade of mineral waters in eighteenth-century France","authors":"Armel Cornu-Atkins","doi":"10.23925/1980-7651.2019v24;p66-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23925/1980-7651.2019v24;p66-82","url":null,"abstract":"Mineral waters were a delicate and unstable product whose value as a remedy increased in early modern France. If it was once the prised luxury of the nobility travelling to the spa, the eighteenth century slowly watched it turned into a commodity. The waters became widely available in bottles and were sold in bureaus of distribution. Despite the logistical challenges of selecting and carrying the waters to their new urban public, many different springs made their way into most of France’s cities. This took place under the watch and regulation of a uniquely dedicated institution, the Société de Médecine. This Société eventually settled its authority over the management of mineral waters, thanks to the backing of state power, the influence of the Academy and the newly recognized authority of chemists as analysts of waters. The purpose of this paper is to bring to light this overlooked institution and its essential role in the administration of mineral waters. Though it never eradicated fraud or succeeded in creating a full scientific and economic monopoly, it greatly broadened the budding trade of bottled water in France and gave a powerful incentive for chemists to better their mastering of the particularly challenging analysis of water.","PeriodicalId":366399,"journal":{"name":"Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science","volume":"300 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123195439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pediatria na Bahia: Martagão Gesteira (1884-1954) e a implementação de um campo científico, 1916-1937","authors":"Virlene Cardoso Moreira","doi":"10.23925/1980-7651.2019v24;p01-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23925/1980-7651.2019v24;p01-26","url":null,"abstract":"O processo de institucionalizacao da Pediatria na Bahia deu-se com a criacao da catedra na Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia. Todas as acoes decisivas foram movidas pelos professores da disciplina na faculdade, criando instituicoes filantropicas de assistencia a saude da infância, desenvolvendo pesquisa, divulgando conhecimento. E sobre a trajetoria de um desses personagens que o presente artigo ira se debrucar. Martagao Gesteira, titular da ‘Clinica Pediatrica e Higiene Infantil’, fundador da Liga Bahiana Contra a Mortalidade Infantil e da Sociedade de Pediatria da Bahia, teve uma atuacao importante no estado para consolidacao da Pediatria enquanto campo cientifico","PeriodicalId":366399,"journal":{"name":"Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130760904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relations between Arithmetic and Geometry in Piero della Francesca’s Libellus de quinque corporibus regularibus (c.1412 - 1492)","authors":"Vagner Rodrigues de Moraes","doi":"10.23925/1980-7651.2019v24;p99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23925/1980-7651.2019v24;p99","url":null,"abstract":"This work aim to analyse relations between Arithmetic and Geometry indicated by Piero della Francesca (c.1412 - 1492) in his treatise Libellus de quinque corporibus regularibus. Piero della Francesca was a painter and scholar of perspective, geometry and arithmetic, in his time. He carried out investigations on pictorial, geometric and architectural issues. Of the treatises he wrote, only three are preserved, on perspective (De Prospectiva Pingendi), Geometry (Libellus de Quinque Corporibus Regullaribus) and Arithmetic (Trattado d’Abaco). The central document selected for this research was the manuscript Libellus de quinque corporibus regularibus, deposited in the Vatican Apostolic Library in digitized copy. Throughout this work we have tried to understand the Libellus de quinque corporibus regularibus as a result of the work of an artist and scholar who proposed ways of relating Arithmetic and Geometry using both his practical knowledge and the works of authors of antiquity.","PeriodicalId":366399,"journal":{"name":"Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116921223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of digital/online resources in the Jewish Diaspora communities","authors":"Dov Winer","doi":"10.23925/1980-7651.2019v24;p27-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23925/1980-7651.2019v24;p27-65","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization, in its earlier stages, was expected to erode national and ethnic identities. In contrast, ethnicity and ethnic affiliations persisted, growing socially and politically. This paper examines the role of the globalizing new communications technologies on this process, focusing on Diasporas. The study of trans-state networks based on ethnic solidarity, connections and affinities in the framework of social and political science is quite recent. Following a clarification of the distinction between classical and modern Diasporas we analyse a particular case study, that of the Jewish Diaspora. This diaspora was an early adopter of computer-based communications and the Internet for a wide range of purposes. Early events are described including the diffusion of the Internet to Israel, the planning of a Global Jewish Information Network, Israel 2020 macro scenarios for Israel and the Jewish People and the decision on Jewish Peoplehood through communication technologies. A survey of historical systems (Responsa, BBS, and Usenet) follows by a description of the Jewish population and the wide variety of Jewish Web based activities today. These include the Institutional landscape; Jewish media — press, radio, video and blogs; the impact on Jewish religious observance; Jewish genealogy; Online dating; Social networks; Jewish education; Online learning; Jewish Studies and Digital Humanities; Jewish memory. Judaica Europeana supports the activities previously described by aggregating and facilitating the access and the re-use of Jewish digital culture. Europeana is the leading global digital library for cultural heritage as well as a lively eco-system for relevant stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":366399,"journal":{"name":"Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133550543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parte IV","authors":"P. Rattansi, Raphael Uchôa","doi":"10.23925/1980-7651.2019v23;p31-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23925/1980-7651.2019v23;p31-44","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":366399,"journal":{"name":"Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123753244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parte I e II","authors":"P. Rattansi, Raphael Uchôa","doi":"10.23925/1980-7651.2019V23;P01-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23925/1980-7651.2019V23;P01-22","url":null,"abstract":" ","PeriodicalId":366399,"journal":{"name":"Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133884925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parte V","authors":"P. Rattansi, Raphael Uchôa","doi":"10.23925/1980-7651.2019v23;p45-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23925/1980-7651.2019v23;p45-64","url":null,"abstract":" ","PeriodicalId":366399,"journal":{"name":"Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124942996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}