Epilepsy and Behavior Reports最新文献

{"title":"Real-world Data on Adult Status Epilepticus from Latin America: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in a Mexican Tertiary Center","authors":"Irene Gómez-Oropeza ,&nbsp;María F. Castelo-Pablos ,&nbsp;Iracema Santizo-Nanduca ,&nbsp;Irving Fuentes-Calvo ,&nbsp;Daniela Deustúa-Hernández ,&nbsp;Oscar Esquivel-Zapata ,&nbsp;Salvador Martínez-Medina ,&nbsp;Mariana Peschard-Franco ,&nbsp;Pilar Robles-Lomelin ,&nbsp;Iris E. Martínez-Juárez ,&nbsp;Ashuin Kammar- García ,&nbsp;Claudia Cervera-Martínez ,&nbsp;Valeria I. Bravo-Osorno ,&nbsp;Gabriel Manrique-Gutierrez ,&nbsp;Erika Palacios Rosas ,&nbsp;Juan C López-Hernández ,&nbsp;Raúl Anwar García Santos ,&nbsp;Raúl Medina-Rioja ,&nbsp;Sonia I Mejia-Peréz ,&nbsp;Elma Paredes-Aragón","doi":"10.1016/j.ebr.2026.100854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ebr.2026.100854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Status epilepticus is a life-threatening emergency in neurology practice. Latin America faces a disproportionate epilepsy burden; little data is available on this population type.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To describe the clinical characteristics, treatment approaches, and functional outcomes of adult patients with SE in a tertiary neurological center in Mexico City.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 103 adult patients diagnosed with SE from 2020 to 2024. Functional outcomes were measured using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), with scores 0–2 classified as favorable. Severity was assessed with the STESS. Chi-square, Mann–Whitney U tests, and logistic regression were used to identify variables related to outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The median patient age was 36 (IQR 18–79), with 50.5% of patients being female. Most had a prior diagnosis of epilepsy (80.6%). Convulsive SE (74.8%) and acute symptomatic etiologies (70.9%) were predominant. Infections were the leading cause among acute symptomatic cases (35%). Refractory SE occurred in 41.7% of cases, and 14.6% progressed to super-refractory SE. Favorable outcomes were significantly associated with prior epilepsy (p = 0.032), and SE subtype (p = 0.003). Multivariate analysis confirmed prior epilepsy as an independent predictor of good outcome (OR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.48–0.87; p = 0.004).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study offers the most extensive characterization of SE in a Mexican center. Infectious etiologies dominate the clinical landscape, with functional outcome linked to baseline epilepsy history and SE subtype.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36558,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy and Behavior Reports","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100854"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147349259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Duolingo-induced seizures in GAD65 IgG associated autoimmune epilepsy","authors":"Reece M. Hass ,&nbsp;Divyanshu Dubey ,&nbsp;Jamie J. Van Gompel ,&nbsp;Jeffrey W. Britton ,&nbsp;Kelsey M. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.ebr.2026.100848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ebr.2026.100848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autoimmune etiologies of seizures have been increasingly recognized with the discovery of novel autoantibodies to cell surface and intracellular antigens. GAD65 neurologic autoimmunity has been associated with stiff person syndrome, cerebellar ataxia, and chronic focal epilepsy, usually of temporal regional origin. While musicogenic reflex seizures have been described in multiple GAD65 IgG seropositive patients, non-musicogenic acoustic reflex seizures have not been described. We present a case of a patient with GAD65 antibody associated epilepsy with a long-standing history of right temporal seizures who developed left temporal reflex seizures triggered by a specific character and language while using the language learning app, Duolingo™.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36558,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy and Behavior Reports","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100848"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146165890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bloodletting as a harmful and misguided first-aid response to seizures in sub-saharan Africa: a case-based review","authors":"Gloire Chubaka Magala ,&nbsp;Jamiilah Neve Nchare ,&nbsp;Abel Christian Tanoh ,&nbsp;Cedric Segla Achi Agbo-Panzo ,&nbsp;Axel Toa Bi ,&nbsp;Constance Yapo-Ehounoud ,&nbsp;Mariam Doumbia-Ouattara ,&nbsp;Évelyne Aka-Anghui Diarra ,&nbsp;Berthe Assi","doi":"10.1016/j.ebr.2026.100851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ebr.2026.100851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epileptic seizures are common neurological events whose sociocultural interpretations have long been linked to supernatural causes or biomagico-symbolic beliefs. Depending on the region, blood may be regarded as the cause, seat, vector of evil, or even a therapeutic agent. These misconceptions continue to influence treatment choices in rural communities and large urban centers, leading to unnecessary or harmful first-aid measures. To date, the use of bloodletting as an inappropriate first-aid intervention has not been documented in sub-Saharan Africa.</div><div>We report an unprecedented event that occurred in a suburban area of a large West African city, involving a 42-year-old man who presented with inaugural generalized tonic seizures, symptomatic of a lobar intracerebral hemorrhage. In response to these seizures, members of the surrounding community performed bloodletting by making deep incisions on the soles of both feet, believing that “letting the blood flow” would stop the convulsions. These inappropriate traditional practices have led to hemorrhagic, ulceronecrotic, and superinfected lesions, compromising the patient’s prognosis.</div><div>This case highlights the severe impact of magico-biological misconceptions on seizure management in West Africa and emphasizes the urgent need for culturally tailored public health education, leveraging digital tools to deliver personalized awareness to communities and patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36558,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy and Behavior Reports","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100851"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stigma, overprotection, and suicidal ideation in epilepsy: a cross-sectional study on psychosocial predictors","authors":"Harun Yetkin ,&nbsp;Ozdem Erturk Cetin ,&nbsp;Esra Nur Sancar ,&nbsp;Inci Su Tascan","doi":"10.1016/j.ebr.2025.100815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ebr.2025.100815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Patients with epilepsy (PWE) are at elevated risk for suicide, with psychosocial factors such as felt stigma and perceived overprotection contributing to this vulnerability. This cross-sectional study examined the associations among suicidal ideation, felt stigma, and perceived overprotective behaviors in 92 adult PWE not currently receiving psychiatric treatment. Participants completed self-report measures including the Felt Stigma Scale (FSS), Perceived Overprotection Scale (POS), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and Suicide Probability Scale (SPS). SPS scores were significantly correlated with FSS (r = 0.405, p &lt; 0,001) and BDI-II (r = 0.765, p &lt; 0.001), while FSS and POS were also correlated (r = 0.399, p &lt; 0.001). POS was not directly associated with SPS. In hierarchical regression, FSS was a significant predictor of suicidal ideation (p &lt; 0.001), but BDI-II emerged as the strongest predictor (p &lt; 0.001), explaining 58 % of the variance in SPS scores. These findings highlight the mediating role of depression in the relationship between felt stigma and suicidal ideation, and suggest that addressing felt stigma and depressive symptoms in epilepsy care may help reduce suicide risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36558,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy and Behavior Reports","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100815"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147538688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interictal focal epileptic discharges in a pediatric patient with absence status epilepsy: a mimicker of focal epilepsy","authors":"Kento Ohta ,&nbsp;Go Yoshino ,&nbsp;Masami Togawa ,&nbsp;Tohru Okanishi ,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Maegaki","doi":"10.1016/j.ebr.2026.100850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ebr.2026.100850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Absence status epilepsy (ASE) is a rare generalized epilepsy that usually manifests in adolescence or adulthood, although pediatric-onset cases have also been described. It is characterized by recurrent episodes of absence status epilepticus, presenting as prolonged confusion or unresponsiveness. Ictal electroencephalography (EEG) typically shows near-continuous generalized spike-and-wave (SW) or polyspike-and-wave (PSW) discharges. To date, interictal focal epileptic discharges have not been reported in ASE. A previously healthy 6-year-old girl presented with recurrent atypical absence seizures lasting several hours, during which she was confused, moved and spoke slowly, and made errors in daily activities. At age seven, ictal EEG revealed almost continuous, irregular generalized SW and PSW discharges with maximal amplitude over the frontal regions. Interictal EEG demonstrated occipital intermittent rhythmic delta activity, generalized SW and PSW, and focal epileptic discharges. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and laboratory tests were unremarkable. Despite initial treatment with levetiracetam and clobazam, absence status epilepticus recurred when continuous intravenous midazolam was discontinued. Introduction of valproic acid allowed successful withdrawal of midazolam, and the patient was discharged without seizure recurrence. This case illustrates that focal interictal epileptic discharges can occur in ASE. The interictal focal EEG abnormalities may lead to misdiagnosis of focal epilepsy, particularly when impairment of consciousness during absence seizures is mild. Diagnosing absence seizures in ASE is further complicated by their prolonged duration, which makes onset and termination difficult to document. Valproic acid was effective for long-term seizure control, whereas intravenous benzodiazepines achieved rapid seizure suppression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36558,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy and Behavior Reports","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100850"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146165935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“I’m lonely”: An underrecognized marker of silent suffering in PWE in underresourced settings?","authors":"Amza Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.ebr.2025.100841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ebr.2025.100841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Loneliness is increasingly recognized as a significant psychosocial determinant of health, yet it remains comparatively underexplored in the context of epilepsy, and particularly in under-resourced environments. Unlike depression or anxiety, loneliness is less specifically sought, nor readily disclosed, despite its profound impact on well-being. This article draws on clinical experience and a small observational audit in Jamaica to highlight loneliness as a distinct and pervasive issue among people with epilepsy (PWE). While loneliness frequently co-occurs with depression, it may exist independently and may precede diagnosable mood disorders. Contributing factors include societal stigma, physician-advised safety restrictions, antiseizure medication side effects, and systemic gaps in epilepsy care, factors often greatly intensified in low-resource settings. By focusing on the lived experience of patients, this article argues that loneliness may silently erode quality of life, autonomy, and treatment adherence, in part also from its seemingly close association with depression. It proposes low-cost, socially focused interventions as potentially transformative and suggests the need for inclusion of loneliness as a modifiable factor in clinical practice and future research. A simple question, “Do you feel lonely?” could facilitate the identification of loneliness in PWE, and particularly in underserved communities and LMICs with high social stigma, may help improve psychosocial outcomes, and epilepsy control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36558,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy and Behavior Reports","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100841"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145718925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of a ketogenic diet clinic in Mexico: A pilot program in a resource-limited setting","authors":"Melissa Chavez-Castillo ,&nbsp;Paloma Hurtado-Cuan ,&nbsp;Maria Alejandra Soto-Blanquel ,&nbsp;Amado Jimenez-Ruiz ,&nbsp;Enrique Gomez-Figueroa ,&nbsp;Rosa Marquez-Palacios","doi":"10.1016/j.ebr.2025.100842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ebr.2025.100842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study describes the implementation and outcomes of the first protocolized Ketogenic Diet Clinic (KDC) in Mexico for pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). We conducted a retrospective analysis of 20 patients with DRE who initiated KDT between July 2022 and July 2024 in a multidisciplinary KDC at a public tertiary hospital. All patients were newly started on KDT under a structured protocol; none followed a classic 4:1 ketogenic diet, all received modified regimens. Clinical, nutritional, and socioeconomic data were collected. Seizure outcomes were categorized by percent reduction, and antiseizure medication (ASM) burden was evaluated through changes in cumulative daily dose and ASM count. Hospital admissions were recorded, and caregivers were asked about barriers to implementation. At the first follow-up visit (≈3 months), with complete data for all 20 patients, 10/20 (50 %) achieved ≥50 % seizure reduction and 4/20 (20 %) achieved ≥90 % reduction. Due to staggered recruitment, later visits included fewer patients (n = 18 and n = 14). Among the 14 patients who reached the third visit, 9/14 (64 %) achieved ≥90 % reduction. ASM dose decreased in 12/20 (60 %), and ASM count decreased in 6/20 (30 %). Hospital visits declined from 16 events the prior year to 4 after KDT initiation. Despite cultural, nutritional, educational, and access-related barriers, no patient discontinued the diet, as treatment plans were adapted to maintain feasibility. A structured KDC is feasible and clinically beneficial in a resource-limited setting. Modified KDT regimens reduced seizure burden and treatment intensity, supporting expansion of KDT programs in low-resource contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36558,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy and Behavior Reports","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100842"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current best medical practices survey in vagus nerve stimulation programming","authors":"Debra T. Moore-Hill ,&nbsp;Molly Butler ,&nbsp;Danielle L Weiss ,&nbsp;Leila A.T. Hill ,&nbsp;Hunter Smith ,&nbsp;Brandon Pope ,&nbsp;Chasitie McIntosh ,&nbsp;Luca Debs ,&nbsp;Amir A. Mbonde ,&nbsp;Anthony Murro ,&nbsp;Fernando L. Vale","doi":"10.1016/j.ebr.2026.100849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ebr.2026.100849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vagal Nerve Stimulator Therapy (VNS) uses programmable duty cycle (DC) and three modes of stimulation: normal mode (NM), heart-rate responsive automatic stimulation mode (AS), and on-demand magnet mode (MM). VNS therapy guidelines exist however; they may not represent real-world best clinical practices. This study aims to identify current best medical practices in VNS programming. Epilepsy VNS practitioners received an anonymous, deidentified IRB-approved online survey at the American Epilepsy Society Meeting (12/3/2023, Orlando Florida). The majority of respondents were US-practicing (n = 45, 78%) epileptologists (n = 43, 74%) programming VNS devices in 50 patients or less in the preceding two years prior to the creation of the survey (n = 39, 67%). Most programmed VNS independently and trained others how to program VNS devices (n = 49, 84%). Large variations in programming of NM, AS, and DC occurred. The median initial and maximum target NM output was 1–1.25 mA (n = 18, 31%) and 2–2.5 mA (n = 23, 40%) respectively. Most (n = 37, 64%) programmed AS current higher than NM. A third subset programmed initial and final AS heart-rate increase thresholds at 40% and 20% respectively (n = 19, 33%). The median anticipated final DC target was 35%. Most achieved final VNS settings at or before 40 weeks (n = 47, 81%) and declared VNS non-responders at 13–36 months after initial programming (n = 37, 64%). Our study identifies variability in VNS programming practices amongst epilepsy practitioners highlighting gaps between guideline recommendations and their clinical application. This study offers critical insights into optimal VNS therapy settings and optimization of VNS therapy outcomes for patients with DRE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36558,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy and Behavior Reports","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100849"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147310906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CORE-VNS: Dosing and titration of VNS therapy in contemporary clinical practice","authors":"Ryan Verner ,&nbsp;Francesca Beraldi ,&nbsp;Michal Tzadok ,&nbsp;Firas Fahoum ,&nbsp;Riëm El Tahry ,&nbsp;Michael A. Gelfand ,&nbsp;George Morris ,&nbsp;Gholam K. Motamedi ,&nbsp;Muhammad Zafar ,&nbsp;Arjune Sen ,&nbsp;Massimiliano Boffini ,&nbsp;Charles Gordon ,&nbsp;Maxine Dibué ,&nbsp;For the CORE-VNS Study Group","doi":"10.1016/j.ebr.2026.100847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ebr.2026.100847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this analysis of dosing and titration in the CORE-VNS study, we aimed to replicate previously published findings related to dosing and titration of VNS Therapy<!--> <!-->and describe the impact of Scheduled Programming (SP).Participants who received their first VNS Therapy device during the CORE-VNS study and who attended at least one of either the 6- or 12-month follow-ups were selected for this analysis. Various statistical models (generalized linear mixed models, weighted Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier, and Poisson regression) were used to assess the relationship between VNS titration and clinical response. Participants who were predominantly manually titrated were compared to those who were predominantly titrated using SP. 526 participants met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. The majority were titrated manually (n = 364), compared with the SP feature (n = 162). We found a strong relationship between speed of titration and onset of clinical response but did not find SP use to significantly impact time-to-dose. The mean time-to-response in the SP group was 7.8 months, compared to a mean time-to-response of 10.7 months for manually titrated patients but this effect was not significant in the Cox regression. Patients who were titrated using SP were able to complete their titration phase with fewer required in-office visits than manually titrated patients (p &lt; 0.0001). We replicate prior findings that titration speed of VNS impacts the time to response. Scheduled Programming does not appear to strongly impact titration speed but aids the clinical workflow and reduces patient burden by reducing the frequency of required in-office titration visits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36558,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy and Behavior Reports","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100847"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147349152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health economic analysis of seizure-related emergency visits of pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy in Japan","authors":"Ayataka Fujimoto ,&nbsp;Takuya Kumagai ,&nbsp;Kazuaki Yamamoto ,&nbsp;Katsuhiko Iwasaki ,&nbsp;Kinya Kokubo ,&nbsp;Ataru Igarashi","doi":"10.1016/j.ebr.2025.100840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ebr.2025.100840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study estimates the cost of emergency transport and the total cost of medical care for pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) in Japan. We perform a retrospective analysis of patients aged less than 18 years with DRE. We use a health insurance claims database to identify the patients. The data are combined with published information, including government statistics and prior studies. We calculate the median medical cost for these patients after emergency and the cost per emergency transport service using recent data published by the Fire and Disaster Management Agency and calculation logic. The cost per emergency transport service is approximately 138,600 yen. Additionally, the cost of emergency transport for pediatric patients with DRE and the total medical cost in Japan are approximately 511,949,800 and 597,536,619 yen per year, respectively. This study is among the first to estimate the annual costs of seizure-related emergency transport and medical care for pediatric patients with DRE in Japan. These estimates can serve as baseline data for use in future assessments of the cost-effectiveness of acute medical care in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36558,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy and Behavior Reports","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100840"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}