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Communicating Science in Times of Crisis最新文献

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Controlling the Narrative 控制叙事
Communicating Science in Times of Crisis Pub Date : 2021-03-25 DOI: 10.1002/9781119751809.CH16
R. Littlefield
{"title":"Controlling the Narrative","authors":"R. Littlefield","doi":"10.1002/9781119751809.CH16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119751809.CH16","url":null,"abstract":"The talking points of the Administration reflected a range of narratives that sharply contrasted with objective scientific facts and assessments presented by members of the scientific and public health communities. The theoretical framework describes the rational world and narrative paradigms;truth and credibility in decision-making;and the convergence of “fake news, \" counternarratives, and conspiracy theories as they reveal the tensions between science and politics. Reliance on science as a basis for making sound policy decisions generally has prevailed, with a few exceptions. Due to mainstream media’s depiction of the pandemic as apocalyptic, a counternarrative to the primary narrative emerged, supporting the recommendations of public health officials and scientific experts. President Trump’s narratives outlining potential treatment for COVID-19 ran counter to science. The chapter offers examples of key themes and mixed messages to illustrate the conflicting positions, followed by discussion and directions for future research. © 2021 John Wiley and Sons Inc.","PeriodicalId":365562,"journal":{"name":"Communicating Science in Times of Crisis","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125199631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Toward a New Model of Public Relations Crisis and Risk Communication Following Pandemics 流行病后公共关系危机与风险沟通新模式探讨
Communicating Science in Times of Crisis Pub Date : 2021-03-25 DOI: 10.1002/9781119751809.CH10
Z. Chen, Z. Li, Grace Ji, D. Stacks, B. Yook
{"title":"Toward a New Model of Public Relations Crisis and Risk Communication Following Pandemics","authors":"Z. Chen, Z. Li, Grace Ji, D. Stacks, B. Yook","doi":"10.1002/9781119751809.CH10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119751809.CH10","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines how the COVID-19 pandemic started much like other crises, especially those of a medical nature. It also examines how that pandemic crisis morphed from a “natural cause” through miscues and missed opportunities to identify and mitigate vulnerabilities that allowed what was a medical crisis to morph into a socio-political, economic, and cultural crisis. The chapter provides a non-linear model of crisis communication management and focuses on the impact of the social media in altering, advancing, and modifying the crisis over time. Several factors constrain the effectiveness of risk communication efforts. The B.A.S.I.C. model can be applied to both non-crisis-related public relations/communication management programs and those related to crisis communication management. Research studies have demonstrated that the essential role of social media in crisis management with a large number of users and real-time use. © 2021 John Wiley and Sons Inc.","PeriodicalId":365562,"journal":{"name":"Communicating Science in Times of Crisis","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114765007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comprehending Covidiocy Communication 理解传染病传播
Communicating Science in Times of Crisis Pub Date : 2021-03-25 DOI: 10.1002/9781119751809.CH2
Brian H. Spitzberg
{"title":"Comprehending Covidiocy Communication","authors":"Brian H. Spitzberg","doi":"10.1002/9781119751809.CH2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119751809.CH2","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the conceptual categories of fake news and conspiracy theory as well as selective theoretical perspectives that elucidate the reasons for their efficacy. It reviews several taxonomies and typologies relevant to the spectrum of dismisinformation. Fake news takes numerous potential forms of misinformation in the transmedia environment, including “false connection, false context, context manipulation, satire or parody, misleading content, deceiving content, and made-up content.” The distinction between routine political polarization and identity politics, and disinformation, may be difficult to ascertain. A basic function of conspiracy theories and fake news is likely to be uncertainty reduction in the context of threatening or anxiety-provoking uncertainty. The narrative immersion model extends narrative theory into health communication specifically. There is a plenty of space for critical and interpretive theory to contribute to managing such crises. Implying that there are no immutable truths to such crises is not only untenable but dangerous. © 2021 John Wiley and Sons Inc.","PeriodicalId":365562,"journal":{"name":"Communicating Science in Times of Crisis","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123050283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Communication and COVID‐19 通信与COVID - 19
Communicating Science in Times of Crisis Pub Date : 2021-03-25 DOI: 10.1002/9781119751809.CH4
K. Real, K. Hamilton, Terri Zborowsky, Debbie D. Gregory
{"title":"Communication and COVID‐19","authors":"K. Real, K. Hamilton, Terri Zborowsky, Debbie D. Gregory","doi":"10.1002/9781119751809.CH4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119751809.CH4","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines communication and evidence-based design (EBD) research, theory, and practice applicable to COVID-19. It also examines how frameworks of hazard control and risk perception can address pandemic responses in the design of healthcare systems. The chapter describes how the pandemic has affected typical hospital design, the use of communication technology in this new context, and how communication and EBD alter in times of crisis. Theories of public health and infection control have been driving the practice of healthcare for many years. A fundamental theory for understanding communication, COVID-19, and healthcare design would be systems theory. Risk and crisis communication scholars have long noted how the uncertainty of situations require adequate communication. Research findings indicate a relationship between built healthcare environments and patient care processes, quality, and care outcomes. The problem for epidemics and pandemics is the overwhelming number of contagious cases. © 2021 John Wiley and Sons Inc.","PeriodicalId":365562,"journal":{"name":"Communicating Science in Times of Crisis","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121508058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Overcoming Obstacles to Collective Action by Communicating Compassion in Science 通过在科学中传播同情来克服集体行动的障碍
Communicating Science in Times of Crisis Pub Date : 2021-03-25 DOI: 10.1002/9781119751809.CH7
Erin B. Hester, Bobi Ivanov, Kimberly A. Parker
{"title":"Overcoming Obstacles to Collective Action by Communicating Compassion in Science","authors":"Erin B. Hester, Bobi Ivanov, Kimberly A. Parker","doi":"10.1002/9781119751809.CH7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119751809.CH7","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the COVID-19 pandemic as an example, explains why traditional approaches to science communication that rely almost entirely on analytical information are insufficient to motivate collective action. The coronavirus pandemic presented yet another collective action problem: the suppression of infectious disease provides a non-rival, non-excludable benefit for the global population. One of the biggest challenges in collective action problems is motivating individuals to act in ways that benefit people other than themselves. Strategies that motivate compassion- the concern for another’s undeserved suffering and the desire to minimize it-may be the most helpful in addressing collective action problems. Showing the adverse consequences that COVID-19 can inflict on the vulnerable others should facilitate the experience of compassion by way of their blamelessness and deservingness of assistance. In addition to compassion appeals and moral reframing, narratives offer yet another approach that could aid in the elicitation of compassion for the purpose of motivating collective action. © 2021 John Wiley and Sons Inc.","PeriodicalId":365562,"journal":{"name":"Communicating Science in Times of Crisis","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126476288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Social Media Surveillance and (Dis)Misinformation in the COVID‐19 Pandemic COVID - 19大流行中的社交媒体监测和(传播)错误信息
Communicating Science in Times of Crisis Pub Date : 2021-03-25 DOI: 10.1002/9781119751809.CH12
Brian H. Spitzberg, Ming-Hsiang Tsou, M. Gawron
{"title":"Social Media Surveillance and (Dis)Misinformation in the COVID‐19 Pandemic","authors":"Brian H. Spitzberg, Ming-Hsiang Tsou, M. Gawron","doi":"10.1002/9781119751809.CH12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119751809.CH12","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter considers the virality of messages about the COVID-19 pandemic, with an interest in the ways in which systematic surveillance of such messages can serve important policy objectives, particularly in regard to managing the relative accuracy of public health information campaigns and the viability of the healthcare delivery response. Dismisinformation is amplified by social reinforcement forces in echo chambers, information bubbles, and homophilous networks further facilitated by the nature of social media. A number of hashtags related to dismisinformation have strong collocation and synchronization properties. The “COVID is a hoax/overblown” theme is coupled with the classic anti-vaccination theme of forced vaccinations and resulting autism. The bewildering variety of untruths uttered about COVID suggests a productive but rather random mechanism at work. Different platforms, cultures, and languages can produce different conversations about epidemics and the narratives and conspiracy theories attributed to such outbreaks. © 2021 John Wiley and Sons Inc.","PeriodicalId":365562,"journal":{"name":"Communicating Science in Times of Crisis","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115772664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Use of Telehealth in Behavioral Health and Educational Contexts during COVID‐19 and Beyond 在COVID - 19及以后的行为健康和教育背景下使用远程医疗
Communicating Science in Times of Crisis Pub Date : 2021-03-25 DOI: 10.1002/9781119751809.CH9
Alyssa L. Clements-Hickman, Jade A. Hollan, C. Drew, Vanessa M. Hinton, R. J. Reese
{"title":"The Use of Telehealth in Behavioral Health and Educational Contexts during COVID‐19 and Beyond","authors":"Alyssa L. Clements-Hickman, Jade A. Hollan, C. Drew, Vanessa M. Hinton, R. J. Reese","doi":"10.1002/9781119751809.CH9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119751809.CH9","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides an overview of how COVID-19 has impacted service delivery for behavioral health and education specialists. It aims to address some of the issues and to serve as an introduction to helping professionals who wish to learn more about telehealth service delivery in behavioral health and educational service contexts. The chapter offers supporting research and practical suggestions for utilizing technology for these service delivery settings beyond the current pandemic. For delivering behavioral health services, it considers only the psychological service of individual psychotherapy although group therapy and psychological assessment are both services that are also relevant and important to consider. The spread of COVID-19 has been associated with an emergent need for healthcare professionals to modify their provision of mental health services. The chapter discusses telepractice for early childhood interventions and for children with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual and developmental disabilities. © 2021 John Wiley and Sons Inc.","PeriodicalId":365562,"journal":{"name":"Communicating Science in Times of Crisis","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131183425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Communicating Death and Dying in the COVID‐19 Pandemic 在COVID - 19大流行中传播死亡和死亡
Communicating Science in Times of Crisis Pub Date : 2021-03-25 DOI: 10.1002/9781119751809.CH17
William D. Nowling, M. Seeger
{"title":"Communicating Death and Dying in the COVID‐19 Pandemic","authors":"William D. Nowling, M. Seeger","doi":"10.1002/9781119751809.CH17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119751809.CH17","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter seeks to expand on the research by Andrade et al. on mortality and rumor generation during Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico to better understand how affected publics seek to resolve uncertainty and build resilience in times of crisis. The data on mortality and morbidity that are reported and the ways those data are communicated are important aspects of crisis communication. The chapter describes the processes and challenge of reporting disease data and what is reported. In the early stages of the pandemic, reliable disease data were limited to the number of positive cases and, as time wore on, deaths. Data on incidence, prevalence, hospitalizations, mortality, and morbidity during crises including pandemics serve several functions. The chapter also describes the functions of disease reporting and examines the reporting of COVID-19 data. Data on testing, for example, is a measure of disease prevalence and the level of community spread at a particular point in time. © 2021 John Wiley and Sons Inc.","PeriodicalId":365562,"journal":{"name":"Communicating Science in Times of Crisis","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114207198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Perspective Change in a Time of Crisis 危机时刻的观点转变
Communicating Science in Times of Crisis Pub Date : 2021-03-25 DOI: 10.1002/9781119751809.CH11
H. Lillie, Manusheela Pokharel, M. Bergstrom, Jakob D. Jensen
{"title":"Perspective Change in a Time of Crisis","authors":"H. Lillie, Manusheela Pokharel, M. Bergstrom, Jakob D. Jensen","doi":"10.1002/9781119751809.CH11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119751809.CH11","url":null,"abstract":"By the end of January 2020, the World Health Organization had declared the COVID-19 pandemic a global health emergency. This chapter presents a rationale for producing messages that promote critical reflection through discrete emotion, focusing on surprise. It presents two message experiments conducted at different timepoints during the COVID-19 pandemic. These experiments illustrate message features that generate surprise, the surprise-critical reflection process, the outcomes of critical reflection, and the effect of information overload and perceived COVID-19 exaggeration on the hypothesized relationships. In a crisis media environment, messages must be designed to cut through message overload and contradictory messages in order to encourage and promote critical reflection. Critical reflection may also support the epistemology of critical communication research and theory. Future research should build on the arguments to form a greater theoretical understanding of critical reflection related to communication. © 2021 John Wiley and Sons Inc.","PeriodicalId":365562,"journal":{"name":"Communicating Science in Times of Crisis","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116680411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Communicating the Science of COVID‐19 to Children 向儿童传播COVID - 19科学
Communicating Science in Times of Crisis Pub Date : 2021-03-25 DOI: 10.1002/9781119751809.CH8
J. Cook, T. Sellnow, Deanna D. Sellnow, Adam Parrish, R. Soares
{"title":"Communicating the Science of COVID‐19 to Children","authors":"J. Cook, T. Sellnow, Deanna D. Sellnow, Adam Parrish, R. Soares","doi":"10.1002/9781119751809.CH8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119751809.CH8","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes and evaluates WUCF’s efforts to adapt their Meet the Helpers program to address the long-standing threat of a global pandemic. It offers a more detailed review of the IDEA (internalization, distribution, explanation, and action) model and introduce the concept of collective efficacy as the ultimate behavioral learning outcome desired in response to COVID’19. The IDEA model has demonstrated its utility as a viable framework for designing and distributing effective instructional messages for mitigating harm and taking protective actions, thereby, providing the theoretical grounding for this analysis. The chapter describes the adaptations made in the Meet the Helpers program to meet the challenge of collective efficacy. Meet the Helpers was distributed through a variety of channels with a consistent message about what the coronavirus is and how to stay safe and healthy. The chapter provides conclusions and recommendations for communicating collective efficacy to children in healthrelated crises such as pandemics. © 2021 John Wiley and Sons Inc.","PeriodicalId":365562,"journal":{"name":"Communicating Science in Times of Crisis","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130849577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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