Ordines Militares最新文献

{"title":"Notizen zu Johanniterschwestern in Mitteleuropa (außerhalb von Friesland) während des Spätmittelalters","authors":"Karl Borchardt","doi":"10.12775/om.2022.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/om.2022.005","url":null,"abstract":"Notes an Hospitaller Sisters in Central Europe (outside Frisia) during the later Middle Ages\u0000The military-religious orders were supposed to fight and shed blood for the faith. Nevertheless, the Hospitallers included women, similar to the Teutonic Order. This should not be a surprize because both military-religious orders upheld caring for the needy and sick as important tasks. In Upper Germany, however, there were no convents of Hospitaller sisters. This was different from Frisia, where special socio-political conditions produced Hospitaller nunneries, and it was also different from other European countries where there had been enough female Hospitallers to concentrate them in special houses. Yet according to a list of 1367 the southern part of the Priory of Alamania had four commanderies where, in each case, seven sisters were supposed to live alongside with knights and priests: Heimbach, Dorlisheim, Freiburg im Breisgau and Villingen. From documents it is known that in many other commanderies married couples, widows or single women bought for themselves life-rents from and maintenance in Hospitaller houses. The legal status of such females was not always clear. Some of them may have hoped to be recognized as fully-professed sorores, in order to enjoy the privileged status of religious persons, whereas others may only have been consorores or donate. Others may have been female servants or just members of ecclesiastical fraternities.","PeriodicalId":36536,"journal":{"name":"Ordines Militares","volume":"129 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41330233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Die Beziehungen des Deutschen Ordens zu den Grafen von Kyburg und zur Stadt Bern in der ersten Hälfte des 13. Jahrhunderts","authors":"Piotr Gotówko","doi":"10.12775/om.2022.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/om.2022.008","url":null,"abstract":"The Relations between Teutonic Orden, the House of Kyburg and the city of Bern in the first part of the 13. century\u0000As the Teutonic Order begann acquitting lands in the south-western part of the Reich and the neighbouring Burgundy between 1200-1212, he depended on the goodwill of the mighty House of Kyburg. Beacause the Teutonic Brethren were the favorites of their rivals, the Hohenstaufen, it was diffucult for them, to gain also their grace. The same applied for the city of Bern, standing under the patronage of the House of Zähringen, other local rivals of the Hohenstaufen. After their line vanished in 1218, the Emperor Frederick II. launched a long struggle with the Kyburgs for the legacy, which took a sharp form especially in Beromünster. This might have influenced the way the member of the Kyburg-Family were looking at the Teutonic Order. When the inheritance of the Zähringen was definitively divided in 1226, the Emperor expriopriated in the same year in Köniz the Augustine monchs and gave their possessions to the Teutonic Order. Because the church in Bern also belonged to them, the priests of the Order had become the highest clerics in the city. The Emperor wanted thus to keep the Berner patricians in leaning strikes. The simple habitants of Bern had refused to participate at messes celebrated by Teutonic priest for long. The Kyburgs started prefering the Knights of St. John. It was in their church, where the head of the family, Werner I. von Kyburg, was burried after dying from a disease in the Holy Land. The Teutonic Order should never obtain any possessions in territories controlled by the House of the Kyburg.\u0000 \u0000Po Polsku:\u0000Gdy Zakon Krzyżacki zaczął między 1200-1212 nabywanie posiadłości w  południowo-zachodnich zakątkach Rzeszy i graniczącej z nią Burgundii, uzależniony był m.in. od przychylności Kyburgów, jednego z najpotężniejszych rodów w tym regione. Ponieważ Krzyżacy byli pupilem rywalizujących z Kyburgami Sztaufów, trudno im było równocześnie zdobyć względy grafów z Kyburgu. To samo dotyczyło miasta Berna, stojącego pod egidą skonfliktowanych ze Sztaufami Zeringerów. Po wygaśnięciu tej linii w 1218 r. Fryderyk II. rozpoczął walkę z Kyburgami o jak największą część po ich spuściźnie, która szczególnie w Beromünster przybrała ostrą formę. Wpłynęło to negatywnie na postrzeganie Zakonu przez kyburskich grafów. Gdy spadek został do 1226 r. definitywnie rozdzielony, cesarz wywłaszczył w tym samym roku w Köniz Augustynów na korzyść Krzyżaków. Ponieważ kościół w pobliskim Bernie również należał do nich, księża Zakonni stali się najważniejszymi duchownymi w mieście. Cesarz chciał tym sposobem utrzymać patrycjat berneński w ryzach. Prości mieszczanie długo odmawiali uczestnictwa w mszach celebrowanych przez braci krzyżackich. Kyburgowie natomiast ostatecznie zrazili się do Zakonu i woleli wspierać joannitów. To w ich kościele pochowany został zmarły w Ziemi Świętej Werner I. von Kyburg, ówczesna głowa rodu. Zakon Krzyżacki miał już nigdy nie","PeriodicalId":36536,"journal":{"name":"Ordines Militares","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42992481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nobility, kinship and memory in Santa Eufemia de Cozuelos, the first female convent of the Military Order of Santiago","authors":"Maria Soledad Ferrer-Vidal Díaz del Riguero","doi":"10.12775/om.2022.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/om.2022.002","url":null,"abstract":"This paper refers to the noble patronage around Santa Eufemia de Cozuelos, the first female house of the Military Order of Santiago since 1186, based in the north of the Kingdom of Castile, during the second half of the thirteenth century. This patronage provided the convent with funerary spaces to perpetuate the memory of some noble Castilian and Leonese families whose members effected important land donations to the monastery, thus assuring prayers for the salvation of their souls.\u0000Unlike the vast majority of the many female monastic houses founded in the kingdoms of Castile and León in the Middle Ages, the lack of aristocratic founders, patrons or benefactors in all the female Jacobean convents in Castile and León since their founding until the second half of the thirteenth century, Santa Eufemia among them, is striking.\u0000The subject of this paper aims to determine how the Military Order of Santiago managed to attract to its first female house a whole group of noble lineages. The patronage of these noble families along the second half of the thirteenth century provided the Jacobean monastery with the noble prestige that many other Castilian female convents had from their origin and of which Santa Eufemia lacked, and furthermore, also provided the Jacobean convent with the most relevant territorial expansion of its monastic domain, precisely along this same period. A detailed revision of the available source material and bibliography allowed us to put together enough information to follow and verify this process.","PeriodicalId":36536,"journal":{"name":"Ordines Militares","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43355020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deutschordensgeschichte aus internationaler Perspektive. Festschrift für Udo Arnold zum 80. Geburtstag. Herausgegeben von Roman Czaja und Hubert Houben. Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte des Deutschen Ordens 85.","authors":"A. Baranov","doi":"10.12775/om.2022.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/om.2022.020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36536,"journal":{"name":"Ordines Militares","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43806660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helen J. Nicholson. The Knights Templar. Leeds: Arc Humanities Press, 2021. 96 + VI S. ISBN: 9781641891684 (Buch) / 9781641891691 (e-Book, PDF)","authors":"Jurgen Sarnowsky","doi":"10.12775/om.2022.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/om.2022.019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36536,"journal":{"name":"Ordines Militares","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42251715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sancta obedientia","authors":"Jürgen Sarnowsky","doi":"10.12775/om.2022.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/om.2022.010","url":null,"abstract":"Gehorsam gehört zu den drei monastischen Gelübden, die für alle monastischen Institutionen zentral waren. Daher wurde er auch mit dem Hinweis auf den Gehorsam Christi gegenüber Gottvater propagiert und mit dem Attribut der Heiligkeit versehen. Das gilt nicht zuletzt für die geistlichen Ritterorden, deren komplexe Aufgaben es notwendig machten, dass die Befehle der Oberen auch eingehalten wurden. Der Begriff erscheint so vielfach in der internen Korrespondenz, bei der Übergabe von Ämtern wie auch bei den Hinweisen auf die Gründiungsaufgaben der Orden. \u0000Allerdings gab es auch Grenzen für den geforderten Gehorsam. So bestimmten die Stabilimenta der Johanniter, dass die Befehle der Meister nur befolgt werden durften, wenn sie nicht den Statuten zuwiderliefen, wie dies im Fall der gerade erst gewählten Meisters Guillaume de Villaret deutlich wird. Aber auch allgemein bot der Einfluss der höhergestellten Brüder ein Gegengewicht zur Autorität der Meister, wie auch die Fälle des Rücktritts oder der Absetzung von Meistern zeigen. Gehorsam funktionierte somit in beiden Richtungen, zumal auch die Meister an die Statuten gebunden waren.","PeriodicalId":36536,"journal":{"name":"Ordines Militares","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48517460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piotr Szczurowski. Podbój Prus w XIII wieku. Przyczyny „krzyżackiego” sukcesu [Conquest of Prussia in the 13th century. Reasons for success of the “Teutonic Knights”]. Sandomierz: Armoryka, 2019. 250 pp. ISBN: 978-83-8064-772-5","authors":"Krzysztof Kwiatkowski","doi":"10.12775/om.2022.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/om.2022.021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36536,"journal":{"name":"Ordines Militares","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48493616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The nunneries of the Order of St. John in medieval Italy","authors":"K. Toomaspoeg","doi":"10.12775/om.2022.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/om.2022.004","url":null,"abstract":"This paper’s focus is women as professed members of the Order of St John in Italy, as documented in cities such as Milan, Florence, Venice, Genova, Monteleone di Spoleto, Perugia, Penne and Sovereto. The adherence of women to the Order came under several institutional forms. Some women were laypeople, associated consorores who carried out the Order’s activities, sometimes working in its hospitals. Others lived in the houses of the Order of St John, where they could also take the vows, with consequent formation of “mixed” convents or monasteries. But in some cases, separate nunneries were created or assimilated from other communities. Some historians have seen a different evolution from the initial vocation of women, which consisted of field activities in support of the poor and the sick, and would later become a strictly cloistered life. This change can be observed by examining the biographies of the two Italian female Hospitaller saints, Ubaldesca and Toscana. Yet, local development varied, and the situation in an important city like Florence differed from nunneries in smaller localities like Sovereto or Penne. Finally, several interesting sources allow us a glimpse of the spirituality and norms in those women’s daily lives compared to male religiosity. The medieval Italian nunneries of St John never became an autonomous branch of the Order, but at the same time, they were not a rare or exceptional phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":36536,"journal":{"name":"Ordines Militares","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43156672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dokumenty pokoju brzeskiego między Polską i Litwą a Zakonem Krzyżackim z 31 grudnia 1435. Edited by Adam Szweda, Marcin Hlebionek, Sobiesław Szybkowski, and Janusz Trupinda. Co-editors: Rimvydas Petrauskas and Sergey Polekhov.","authors":"J. Grabowski","doi":"10.12775/om.2022.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/om.2022.017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36536,"journal":{"name":"Ordines Militares","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44396753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Die Johanniter und die weiblichen Orden in Schlesien im Mittelalter","authors":"Maria Starnawska","doi":"10.12775/om.2022.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/om.2022.006","url":null,"abstract":"The Hospitallers of St. John and the female orders in Silesia in the Middle Ages\u0000The networks of the houses of the Hospitallers and of the female monastic orders in Silesia were similar (about 14 houses of the Hospitallers and 13 monasteries of nuns). There were many differences between these groups of clergy, too. The monasteries of nuns belong to various orders (e.g., Benedictines, Cistercian Nuns, Poor Clares, Dominican sisters, Sisters of St. Mary Magdalene, and the Canons of St. Augustine). Moreover, some houses of Beguines were active in medieval Silesia, too. The number of nuns is estimated to have been about 600, as opposed to the number of Hospitallers, which is estimated to have been about 200. The nuns were enclosed, while the Hospitallers were active in the pastoral care. The relations betwee both groups were not very intense. The priests from the Order of St. John were the chaplains and confessors of the nuns, or they coudl serve as the protectors of the property of the female monesteries (e.g., the Benedictines in Strzegom and the Beguines in Głubczyce). The Hospitallers, in return, asked the nuns for intercessory prayers in the time of the crisises, especially on the Isle of Rhodes. They also had contacts with the individual nuns, who were in some cases their relatives or neighbors. These relations were a sign of the absorption the Order of St. John by the local society.","PeriodicalId":36536,"journal":{"name":"Ordines Militares","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48361235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}