Business Strategy and Development最新文献

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Board Attributes and Sustainability Performance: Evidence on Temporal Dynamics of Board Effectiveness 董事会属性与可持续绩效:董事会有效性的时间动态证据
IF 5.7
Business Strategy and Development Pub Date : 2026-06-28 DOI: 10.1002/bsd2.70372
Sunaina Kanojia, Neelam Jhawar, Shweta Jain Goel
{"title":"Board Attributes and Sustainability Performance: Evidence on Temporal Dynamics of Board Effectiveness","authors":"Sunaina Kanojia,&nbsp;Neelam Jhawar,&nbsp;Shweta Jain Goel","doi":"10.1002/bsd2.70372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.70372","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examines how board effectiveness influences corporate sustainability by accounting for the temporal dynamics through which board attributes affect sustainability outcomes. Analyzing a balanced panel of 1091 listed firms from the world's five largest economies over the period 2016–2024, the study employs fixed effects regressions to estimate the contemporaneous (<i>t</i>) and lagged effects (<i>t</i> + 1, <i>t</i> + 2). Results reveal a differentiated temporal pattern: board gender diversity and sustainability committees yield contemporaneous, persistent positive impacts, while the influence of board size emerges only over longer time horizons. Conversely, board independence remains consistently insignificant. Theoretically, the study extends the predominantly static treatment of governance theories by demonstrating that different governance mechanisms operate through distinct temporal pathways, with general board structural attributes requiring gestation periods before their impact materializes. Practically, we recommend that regulators should shift toward mandates that structurally embed sustainability expertise and functional committee oversight within board processes. Managerially, firms must utilize sustainability committees as strategic conduits to bridge the information gap for independent directors. By incorporating a temporal lens, the research reconciles mixed prior evidence and offers a novel framework for evaluating the long-term efficacy of corporate governance in driving sustainability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36531,"journal":{"name":"Business Strategy and Development","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148343272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nonlinear CSR-Performance Dynamics: The Moderating Role of CEO Expertise in Vietnam 非线性企业社会责任绩效动态:越南CEO专业知识的调节作用
IF 4.2
Business Strategy and Development Pub Date : 2026-04-15 DOI: 10.1002/bsd2.70338
Yan-Jie Yang, Hoanh Thi Hoang Lam, Qian Long Kweh
{"title":"Nonlinear CSR-Performance Dynamics: The Moderating Role of CEO Expertise in Vietnam","authors":"Yan-Jie Yang,&nbsp;Hoanh Thi Hoang Lam,&nbsp;Qian Long Kweh","doi":"10.1002/bsd2.70338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.70338","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is widely promoted as a driver of firm performance, but empirical evidence remains inconsistent, particularly in emerging markets where institutional structures are still evolving. This study examines whether CSR creates firm value conditionally rather than uniformly, by analysing its nonlinear relationship with performance and the role of CEO financial expertise in shaping this linkage. Using panel data from the 100 largest firms listed in Vietnam between 2019 and 2024, we construct a disclosure-based CSR index and estimate dynamic panel models using the Difference Generalized Method of Moments to address endogeneity. The results reveal a robust inverted U-shaped relationship between CSR and firm performance, indicating that CSR enhances returns only up to an optimal level, beyond which additional engagement becomes value-reducing. Moreover, CEO financial expertise exhibits a dual effect. While it is associated with lower short-term profitability, it strengthens the marginal effectiveness of CSR by improving the allocation, evaluation, and strategic integration of social investments. This finding suggests that CSR does not function as a value-creating resource in itself but becomes one when filtered through managerial capability. By integrating stakeholder theory, the resource-based view, and upper echelons theory, this study reframes the CSR–performance relationship as contingent on managerial expertise rather than universally beneficial. The findings highlight the importance of aligning CSR intensity with firm capabilities and underscore the role of financially trained executives in converting CSR from symbolic compliance into economically meaningful strategy, particularly in emerging market contexts.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36531,"journal":{"name":"Business Strategy and Development","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148079642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ownership Power, Board Gender Diversity, and CSR Performance: Evidence From MENA Banks 股权、董事会性别多样性与企业社会责任绩效:来自中东和北非地区银行的证据
IF 4.2
Business Strategy and Development Pub Date : 2026-04-14 DOI: 10.1002/bsd2.70334
Rim Boussaada, Majdi Karmani
{"title":"Ownership Power, Board Gender Diversity, and CSR Performance: Evidence From MENA Banks","authors":"Rim Boussaada,&nbsp;Majdi Karmani","doi":"10.1002/bsd2.70334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.70334","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study addresses two principal research objectives. First, it examines the effect of multiple large shareholders (MLS) on corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance within the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) banking sector, under the dispersion and the coalition hypotheses. Second, it investigates whether board gender diversity (GD) moderates the MLS–CSR nexus. It uses a sample of banks across 12 MENA countries over the period 2010–2022 and implements the System Generalized Method of Moments (SGMM) as the empirical estimation framework. Empirical findings indicate that under the dispersion hypothesis, the first largest shareholder does not promote CSR engagement in the MENA region, whereas the second and third largest shareholders exhibit positive and statistically significant associations with CSR performance enhancement. Under the coalition hypothesis, results demonstrate that the coalition between the first and second largest shareholders does not support CSR in the MENA region. Conversely, coalitions between the second and third largest shareholders and among all three largest shareholders are significantly and positively associated with an improvement of CSR performance. Furthermore, findings confirm that gender diversity moderates the MLS–CSR relationship under both theoretical frameworks.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36531,"journal":{"name":"Business Strategy and Development","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148078191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
When Does Environmental Awareness Lead to Business Sustainability? The Moderating Effects of Gender and Business Scale 环保意识何时能带来企业的可持续发展?性别与企业规模的调节效应
IF 4.2
Business Strategy and Development Pub Date : 2026-04-14 DOI: 10.1002/bsd2.70337
Grisna Anggadwita, Sucheta Agarwal, Erni Martini, Yuhana Astuti
{"title":"When Does Environmental Awareness Lead to Business Sustainability? The Moderating Effects of Gender and Business Scale","authors":"Grisna Anggadwita,&nbsp;Sucheta Agarwal,&nbsp;Erni Martini,&nbsp;Yuhana Astuti","doi":"10.1002/bsd2.70337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.70337","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to examine the influence of environmental awareness capability on business sustainability by integrating green innovation as a mediating mechanism and gender and business scale as boundary conditions. Grounded in the literature on business strategy and development, this study uses a quantitative design. It used survey data from 132 owners and managers of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in West Java, Indonesia. The analysis employs Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings show that environmental awareness capability strongly drives green innovation and directly improves business sustainability. Green innovation also partially mediates this relationship. Business scale negatively impacts the link between environmental awareness and green innovation. This suggests that sustainability-oriented strategies are more effective for smaller firms, while gender does not moderate their effectiveness. This study provides new empirical evidence from a subnational developing economy context. It clarifies how strategic capabilities interact with organizational scale to affect sustainability outcomes. The findings offer actionable insights for MSME strategists and policymakers aiming to develop context-sensitive sustainability strategies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36531,"journal":{"name":"Business Strategy and Development","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148078192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sustainable Development and Social Inclusion: Efficiency Evidence From Spain and Policy Pathways for the SDGs 可持续发展和社会包容:来自西班牙的效率证据和可持续发展目标的政策路径
IF 4.2
Business Strategy and Development Pub Date : 2026-04-14 DOI: 10.1002/bsd2.70333
José Solana-Ibáñez, Manuel Caravaca-Garratón, Antonio Soto-Meca
{"title":"Sustainable Development and Social Inclusion: Efficiency Evidence From Spain and Policy Pathways for the SDGs","authors":"José Solana-Ibáñez,&nbsp;Manuel Caravaca-Garratón,&nbsp;Antonio Soto-Meca","doi":"10.1002/bsd2.70333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.70333","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines how hospitality efficiency, sustainability and social inclusion are associated with the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Spain's 17 autonomous communities (ACs) in 2023. Using non-parametric efficiency analysis with bootstrap correction, quantile regression models, and Random Forest methods, an efficiency frontier is constructed for the regional hotel sector and is then related to five sustainability indicators: energy efficiency renovations, ecological certification, quality certification, territorial competitiveness and inclusive employment. The results indicate that sustainability practices and social inclusion are positively associated with efficiency rather than hindering it. On average, each additional energy reform is associated with a 2.8-percentage-point increase in the efficiency score; each additional percentage point of vulnerable employment with a 3.5-point increase, and a one-point increase in territorial competitiveness with a 10.2-point increase. These findings provide empirical evidence, within the Spanish context, that investments in green transition and dignified employment tend to align with higher hotel productivity, particularly in tourism-dependent regions, while also supporting an operational policy agenda at administrative levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":36531,"journal":{"name":"Business Strategy and Development","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bsd2.70333","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148076265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CEO Power and Environmental Accounting Disclosure: Comparative Evidence From Emerging Economies CEO权力与环境会计信息披露:来自新兴经济体的比较证据
IF 4.2
Business Strategy and Development Pub Date : 2026-04-06 DOI: 10.1002/bsd2.70336
Desmond Bayong, Chrysantus Aatonenaalu Yuorkuu, Thabiso Sthembiso Msomi
{"title":"CEO Power and Environmental Accounting Disclosure: Comparative Evidence From Emerging Economies","authors":"Desmond Bayong,&nbsp;Chrysantus Aatonenaalu Yuorkuu,&nbsp;Thabiso Sthembiso Msomi","doi":"10.1002/bsd2.70336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.70336","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates how CEO structural power influences environmental accounting disclosure (EAD) in emerging economies and explores the moderating effects of institutional quality and stakeholder pressure. It aims to understand whether CEO authority enhances or constrains environmental transparency within varying governance and institutional contexts. The analysis uses an unbalanced panel of 349 listed firms (5933 firm-year observations) across manufacturing, energy, utilities, and service sectors from 2008 to 2024. Method of moments quantile regression (MMQR) and dynamic System GMM estimators are applied to account for endogeneity, cross-sectional dependence, and firm-specific heterogeneity. Robustness checks, including IV-2SLS and propensity score matching (PSM), confirm result validity. Results indicate that CEO structural power positively and significantly enhances EAD across all quantiles, with stronger effects at higher disclosure levels. Both institutional quality and stakeholder pressure positively moderate this relationship, demonstrating that effective institutions and active stakeholders can align CEO influence with sustainability and transparency goals. The study focuses on emerging economies, and results may differ in developed markets with stronger governance frameworks. Regulators and policymakers should reinforce institutional quality and stakeholder engagement mechanisms to ensure that CEO discretion is directed toward sustainable disclosure practices. Improved EAD fosters corporate accountability, stakeholder trust, and progress toward environmental sustainability goals such as SDG 12. This research extends Upper Echelons, Agency, and Resource Dependence theories to environmental accounting by uncovering how CEO power interacts with institutional and stakeholder contexts to shape sustainability reporting.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36531,"journal":{"name":"Business Strategy and Development","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147708003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Assessment of Conspicuous Behavior and Environmental Awareness as Predictive Factors of Sustainable Consumption for Sustainable Development 炫耀性行为和环境意识作为可持续消费的预测因素
IF 4.2
Business Strategy and Development Pub Date : 2026-04-06 DOI: 10.1002/bsd2.70332
Arthur William Pereira da Silva, Ciro José Jardim de Figueiredo, Walid Abbas El-Aouar, Eliana Andrea Severo, Ahiram Brunni Cartaxo de Castro, Juliana Carvalho de Sousa, Pablo Marlon Medeiros da Silva
{"title":"An Assessment of Conspicuous Behavior and Environmental Awareness as Predictive Factors of Sustainable Consumption for Sustainable Development","authors":"Arthur William Pereira da Silva,&nbsp;Ciro José Jardim de Figueiredo,&nbsp;Walid Abbas El-Aouar,&nbsp;Eliana Andrea Severo,&nbsp;Ahiram Brunni Cartaxo de Castro,&nbsp;Juliana Carvalho de Sousa,&nbsp;Pablo Marlon Medeiros da Silva","doi":"10.1002/bsd2.70332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.70332","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The main objective of this study was to analyze the influence of the constructs concerning conspicuous consumption behavior and environmental awareness on the construct concerning sustainable consumption behavior. This research is a survey with a sample composed of 458 Brazilians. The data analysis method was Structural Equation Modeling by Partial Least Squares. The results of the research confirmed the central hypothesis of the study, evidencing that, contrary to what recent studies have indicated, the strategy of promoting sustainable consumption through conspicuous concerns is not capable of engaging consumers with the complete cycle of sustainable consumption, as well as that the construct concerning environmental awareness proves to be more relevant for driving sustainable consumption behavior than conspicuous consumption behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":36531,"journal":{"name":"Business Strategy and Development","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bsd2.70332","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147708042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From Potential to Impact: How Artificial Intelligence Drives Dynamic Capabilities for Sustainability 从潜力到影响:人工智能如何驱动可持续发展的动态能力
IF 4.2
Business Strategy and Development Pub Date : 2026-04-05 DOI: 10.1002/bsd2.70327
Arved Schneider, Carolin Gerlich, Jerome L. Antonio, Dominik K. Kanbach
{"title":"From Potential to Impact: How Artificial Intelligence Drives Dynamic Capabilities for Sustainability","authors":"Arved Schneider,&nbsp;Carolin Gerlich,&nbsp;Jerome L. Antonio,&nbsp;Dominik K. Kanbach","doi":"10.1002/bsd2.70327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.70327","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As environmental challenges intensify, companies face increasing pressure to integrate environmental sustainability through innovation into their core business practices. Artificial intelligence (AI) holds transformative potential for enabling sustainable business, yet the mechanisms through which firms develop AI-driven capabilities for sustainability remain underexplored. To bridge this gap, this study inductively analyses an extensive sample of semi-structured interviews with CEOs, business unit heads and sustainability as well as AI managers. The resulting integrated empirical framework illustrates the iterative process of AI-driven capability development of firms tackling sustainability challenges. Entrepreneurial orientation is central to this process, serving as a critical driver of agility, proactiveness, and risk-taking behaviors essential for cultivating dynamic capabilities for sustainability. By uncovering the microfoundations of AI-driven sustainability practices, this study offers actionable insights into aligning entrepreneurial strategies with sustainability objectives, utilizing AI as a catalyst for transformative and environmentally sustainable innovation.</p>","PeriodicalId":36531,"journal":{"name":"Business Strategy and Development","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bsd2.70327","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147707963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Predominant Similarities and Dissimilarities in Technology Adoption: Why and How the Textile Industry Incorporates Sustainable Manufacturing Adoption 技术采用的主要异同:纺织工业为什么以及如何采用可持续制造
IF 4.2
Business Strategy and Development Pub Date : 2026-04-05 DOI: 10.1002/bsd2.70324
Rupesh Chourasiya, Rakesh Kumar Malviya
{"title":"Predominant Similarities and Dissimilarities in Technology Adoption: Why and How the Textile Industry Incorporates Sustainable Manufacturing Adoption","authors":"Rupesh Chourasiya,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar Malviya","doi":"10.1002/bsd2.70324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.70324","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The textile organizations are increasingly focusing on the adoption of sustainable manufacturing (SM) practices to improve environmental performance while maintaining competitiveness. However, the adoption of such technologies varies across organizations because of differences in organizational capabilities, technological readiness, and institutional pressures. This study investigates the similarities and dissimilarities in technology adoption that influence the implementation of SM in the textile industry. Although SM practices are widely recognized as essential, their implementation remains limited due to various industry-specific constraints. To achieve the research objective, four hypotheses were formulated and empirically tested through a questionnaire-based survey conducted among Indian textile manufacturing organizations. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0. Initially, reliability analysis was conducted to ensure the internal consistency of the questionnaires. Subsequently, the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity were applied to verify sampling adequacy and data suitability for factor analysis. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was then used to reduce data dimensionality and identify the key factors influencing technology adoption. Further, regression analysis was performed to examine the relationships between the identified factors, while Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied to determine whether significant differences exist in technological adoption practices among organizations. The findings of the study provide valuable insights for industry practitioners and policymakers to develop effective strategies that encourage technology adoption in the textile sector and highlight future research directions for advancing SM implementation in the industries.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36531,"journal":{"name":"Business Strategy and Development","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147708023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From Green Sales to Sustainable Strategy: How Internal Capabilities Shape ESG Outcomes 从绿色销售到可持续战略:内部能力如何塑造ESG成果
IF 4.2
Business Strategy and Development Pub Date : 2026-04-04 DOI: 10.1002/bsd2.70335
Suzan Dsouza, Aalok Kumar, Sourabh Kumar
{"title":"From Green Sales to Sustainable Strategy: How Internal Capabilities Shape ESG Outcomes","authors":"Suzan Dsouza,&nbsp;Aalok Kumar,&nbsp;Sourabh Kumar","doi":"10.1002/bsd2.70335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.70335","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study empirically investigates how green revenue generation influences corporate sustainability performance within European Union firms. Using a panel dataset of 4727 firm-year observations from 682 listed companies (2013–2023), the analysis focuses on how revenues from environmentally sustainable products and services enhance ESG outcomes. Employing fixed effects and system-GMM regression models, the study addresses endogeneity and unobserved heterogeneity. The findings reveal that green revenue has a strong positive association with overall ESG scores, especially when internal organizational factors such as human rights, workforce quality, management practices, and product responsibility are robust. Notably, human rights and effective management amplify the green revenue–sustainability link, while workforce and product responsibility show stronger moderating effects on the social dimension. In governance outcomes, management quality plays a pivotal role. Theoretically, the study integrates stakeholder theory, the resource-based view, and dynamic capabilities to explain how external green strategies must be aligned with internal strengths. For policymakers, the results highlight the value of supporting corporate green initiatives with governance reforms. For managers, the study underscores that leveraging green revenue alone is insufficient; embedding strong internal practices ensures maximized ESG impact and long-term sustainable value creation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36531,"journal":{"name":"Business Strategy and Development","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147707997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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