Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Impact of a Standardised Fetal Cardiac Screening Programme on Antenatal Detection Rates of Transposition of the Great Arteries","authors":"Alison Lee-Tannock,&nbsp;Kate Jardine,&nbsp;Karen Eagleson,&nbsp;Jessica Suna,&nbsp;Kim Betts,&nbsp;Cameron Ward,&nbsp;Benjamin Auld,&nbsp;Alex Gooi","doi":"10.1002/ajum.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajum.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dextro-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) can be difficult to diagnose antenatally. Standardised cardiac screening protocols may improve detection rates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this study was to examine rates of antenatal diagnosis of d-TGA in regional and metropolitan Brisbane over a 10-year period and assess if a targeted antenatal screening education programme had an impact on detection rates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Data were collected for infants diagnosed with d-TGA in Queensland between January 2008 and December 2017. Infants were divided into two cohorts to assess antenatal detection rates in both regional and metropolitan areas Queensland pre- and post implementation of a targeted sonographer education programme between 2008 and 2011.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 126 infants were identified with a diagnosis of d-TGA. The overall antenatal detection rate was 63.5% across the 10-year study period. Prior to the educational intervention, the detection rate was 51% (2008–2011 <i>n</i> = 23/45), which increased significantly to 70% post educational intervention (2012–2017, <i>n</i> = 57/81) (<i>p</i> = 0.035). Regional Queensland (<i>n</i> = 60) detection rates increased from 44% to 63% (<i>p</i> = 0.192) and metropolitan (<i>n</i> = 66) detection rates increased from 60% to 76% (<i>p</i> = 0.24) post educational intervention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rates of antenatal diagnosis of d-TGA in Queensland compare favourably with internationally published rates, although difficulty in consistently diagnosing this congenital heart defect remains. A targeted educational programme of sonographers performing antenatal screening, particularly in regional areas, appears to increase rates of prenatal diagnosis and improve outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36517,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine","volume":"28 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajum.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Australasian Survey of Neonatal Clinicians on Clinical Utility of Point-of-Care Bowel Ultrasound in Diagnosis of Necrotising Enterocolitis","authors":"Archana Priyadarshi,&nbsp;Sheryl Rogerson,&nbsp;Nadia Badawi,&nbsp;Stephanie Morakeas,&nbsp;Amy Phu,&nbsp;Mark Tracy","doi":"10.1002/ajum.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajum.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a life-threatening intestinal disease of the newborn characterised by ischaemia, inflammation and bowel necrosis. Due to the lack of biochemical markers and nonspecific clinical signs in early NEC, bowel ultrasound has gained popularity as a diagnostic tool. This survey aimed to investigate the opinions of neonatal clinicians on the practice of point-of-care bowel ultrasound for the diagnosis of NEC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This quantitative study utilised a cross-sectional online single-invitation survey sent to neonatal clinicians using point-of-care ultrasound across Australia, New Zealand and Singapore. We aimed to explore the barriers to, and facilitators of the clinical practice of bowel ultrasound in NEC using the survey responses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The survey results indicate a clear need for a dedicated training module in Australasia to equip neonatal clinicians with the skills for point-of-care bowel ultrasound assessment. Most (95%) of neonatal clinicians practising point-of-care ultrasound agreed that performing a bowel ultrasound in the suspected diagnosis of NEC is helpful or may be helpful, with 87% expressing interest in undertaking training.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study's findings reveal a strong interest among neonatal clinicians in Australia and New Zealand to learn point-of-care bowel ultrasound for NEC diagnosis. This interest not only sets the stage for a collaborative approach in planning and developing a training programme but also has the potential to significantly improve NEC diagnosis and patient outcomes in clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36517,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine","volume":"28 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajum.70007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency and Predictors of Ultrasound-Detected Extracranial Vertebral Artery Stenosis in a Sample of Non-Western Population","authors":"Ahmed Elhfnawy,&nbsp;Aya Abdel Galeel,&nbsp;Alaa Elkordy,&nbsp;Hazem Abdelkhalek","doi":"10.1002/ajum.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajum.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Extracranial vertebral artery (VA) stenosis represents an important aetiology of ischaemic vascular events in the posterior circulation. Nevertheless, it remains insufficiently investigated. Ethnic differences might be related to VA stenosis. In this regard, Egyptian studies are scarce. We aimed to investigate the frequency and predictors of extracranial VA stenosis in a sample of Egyptian patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We enrolled consecutive patients who were referred to our neurovascular ultrasonography laboratory for routine clinical indications. Extracranial VA stenosis was diagnosed and graded using ultrasound.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included 528 patients in our study. Significant extracranial VA stenosis ≥ 50% was found among 10.4% (<i>n</i> = 10/96) of patients with ischaemic vascular events in the posterior circulation and 4.2% (<i>n</i> = 18/432) of patients without (<i>p</i> = 0.01). One patient received stenting for VA origin stenosis. Carotid atherosclerosis was present in 82.1% (<i>n</i> = 23/28) of patients with significant extracranial VA stenosis in comparison with 47.6% (<i>n</i> = 238/500) of those without (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). In an age- and sex-adjusted multivariate binary logistic regression, the following factors predicted significant extracranial VA stenosis: age &gt; 60 years (OR 2.68, 95% CI 1.08–6.66, <i>p</i> = 0.03), significant common/internal carotid artery (CCA/ICA) stenosis ≥ 50% (OR 4.81, 95% CI 1.89–12.29, <i>p</i> = 0.001) and ischaemic vascular events in the posterior circulation (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.17–6.65, <i>p</i> = 0.02).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The frequency of extracranial VA stenosis seems to be lower among Egyptians in comparison with Western cohorts. Among patients with carotid atherosclerosis or significant CCA/ICA stenosis and/or ischaemic vascular events in the posterior circulation, meticulous ultrasound examination of the VA is warranted to detect possibly underlying extracranial VA stenosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36517,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine","volume":"28 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transvaginal Ultrasound for the Diagnosis of Endometriosis: Current Practices and Barriers in Australian Sonographers","authors":"Xinyu Yang,&nbsp;Alison Deslandes,&nbsp;Teresa Cross,&nbsp;Jessie Childs","doi":"10.1002/ajum.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajum.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction/Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The 2016 consensus statement from the International Deep Endometriosis Analysis group (IDEA) outlined a transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) approach specific for the sonographic assessment of endometriosis (eTVUS). However, eTVUS remains a nonroutine sonographic examination, and the reasons for this are not fully understood. This study aimed to explore the current performance of eTVUS among Australian sonographers and the barriers and facilitators encountered when learning and implementing eTVUS into routine practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An online cross-sectional survey was disseminated to Australian sonographers. Quantitative and qualitative questions were asked regarding demographic information, eTVUS performance and experiences encountered when learning and implementing eTVUS. Statistical and thematic analyses were performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In total, 127 responses were analysed, with 47.8% of respondents performing a full or partial eTVUS routinely. When a gynaecological ultrasound is referred, 18.4% of participants reported performing a full assessment of eTVUS, and 29.8% reported performing a partial assessment of eTVUS. When a partial eTVUS was performed, respondents indicated this mostly included an assessment of the sliding sign (94.6%) and ovarian mobility (97.3%), rather than a search for endometriotic nodules. Only 41.5% of all participants reported confidence in performing eTVUS.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The main barriers that limited the uptake of eTVUS were limited supervision/mentors (42.3%), limited reporting of eTVUS (39.6%) and its steep learning curve (38.7%). The main facilitators included sonographers' desire to answer the clinical question for suspected endometriosis (84.0%), external education (38.7%), local department protocols (30.7%) and colleagues who perform eTVUS (30.7%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While eTVUS, or aspects of it, are being performed in most imaging practices, inconsistency exists for the anatomical structures assessed as part of an eTVUS. Although barriers exist, more education surrounding eTVUS for sonographers, reporting doctors, and referrers could help increase uptake into routine practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36517,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajum.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testicular Two-Dimensional Shear Wave Elastography, Peak Systolic Velocity, Volume and Epididymal Thickness: Establishment of Normal Reference Values and Discrimination From Orchitis in Adult Patients Presenting With Acute Scrotal Pain","authors":"Steven Abbott,&nbsp;Christopher J. Welman,&nbsp;Marilyn Zelesco,&nbsp;Glenn Boardman","doi":"10.1002/ajum.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajum.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To establish normal testicular stiffness reference values using two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) and together with volume, PSV and epididymal thickness to discriminate from inflammatory pathology, specifically orchitis, in adult patients presenting with acute scrotal symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective analysis of patients referred for scrotal ultrasonography for investigation of scrotal pain or discomfort. Evaluation of 494 testes included B-Mode, colour and pulsed wave (PW) Doppler, testicular volume, peak systolic velocity (PSV) and the median elasticity (SWE). Statistical evaluation was performed to identify stiffness threshold values to rule in normal.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In normal testes, the median volume, PSV and SWE were 13.8 mL (10.3–17.2 mL), 6.3 cm/s (4.9–7.7 cm/s) and 2.5 kPa (2.15–2.85 kPa). The right testes were larger (right 14.4 mL, left 13.2 mL, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) with both decreasing in size and increasing in stiffness with increasing age (&gt; 60 years, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In patients with normal testes but extra-testicular pathology, the median volume, PSV and SWE were 13.3 mL (9.75–16.8 mL), 6.3 cm/s (4.55–8.05 cm/s) and 2.8 kPa (2.3–3.3 kPa), respectively. In patients with orchitis, the median volume, PSV and SWE were 18.1 mL (11.5–24.7 mL), 7.9 cm/s (2.8–13 cm/s) and 5.4 kPa (3.4–7.4 kPa), respectively. The PSV and SWE values in this group were age- and side-independent. Differentiating normal testes from orchitis using SWE had AUC, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 0.91, 0.801, 0.892 and 0.792.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Normal adult testes have a median stiffness of 2.5 kPa. A threshold cut-off median value of 3.6 kPa suggests the diagnosis of an inflammatory testicular pathology such as orchitis, with AUC, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 0.922, 0.840, 0.928 and 0.831. Caution is required in the presence of extra-testicular pathology, where there is a wider range of SWE and other parameters.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36517,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Carotid Artery Peak Systolic Velocity Measurement Guided by 2-Dimensional Versus 3-Dimensional X-Plane Colour Doppler Ultrasound","authors":"Jin Xu,&nbsp;Martin Necas,&nbsp;Mike Kittridge","doi":"10.1002/ajum.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajum.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Characterisation of carotid artery stenosis by Doppler ultrasound relies on peak systolic velocity (PSV) measurements and velocity ratios. The site of PSV sampling is conventionally guided by 2-dimensional (2D) colour Doppler in the longitudinal plane only. The recently introduced Philips eXL14-3 MHz matrix array transducer (Philips Ultrasound, Bothell, WA, USA) allows visualisation of colour Doppler in longitudinal and transverse planes simultaneously (3D). We compared PSV measurements of the mid common carotid artery (mCCA) obtained using conventional 2D guidance versus 3D ultrasound guidance in a series of 100 carotid arteries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This was a single centre prospective study of 100 mCCA velocity measurements. All ultrasound examinations were performed by a single qualified vascular sonographer. 2D-guided and 3D-guided PSV measurements were made. Sample volume adjustments made by the sonographer were recorded.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The average difference in PSV across the 100 sample sets was 0.3 ± 5.9 SD cms⁻¹. Comparing 3D versus 2D guided measurements, 45 samples showed an increase in PSV measurement, with an average of 5.0 cms⁻¹; 51 samples showed a decrease in PSV, with an average of −3.8 cms⁻¹ and 4 samples did not show any change. The fitted T- and normal distribution coefficients for the 2D and 3D samples for both the PSV and TAPV were equivalent. The <i>F</i>-tests of the horizontal and vertical adjustments of sample volume in 3D indicate there is little to no relationship between sample gate adjustment and resultant velocity measurements.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No significant difference was observed in PSV measurements of the mCCA when using 3D versus conventional 2D ultrasound guidance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36517,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning Curve for Interpreting Transtracheal Ultrasound Images to Confirm Endotracheal Tube Placement Among Anaesthesia Residents in a Teaching Hospital","authors":"Amber Gulamani,&nbsp;Hameed Ullah","doi":"10.1002/ajum.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajum.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Airway ultrasound is a promising tool that can be used alongside capnography to confirm correct endotracheal tube (ETT) placement. This study aimed to quantify the practice required to achieve accurate interpretation of trans-tracheal ultrasound for identifying ETT placement during elective surgeries under general anaesthesia in a teaching hospital.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-six anaesthesia residents participated. A baseline ultrasound image interpretation test was conducted, followed by a short video tutorial on upper airway ultrasound. Participants then completed a post-test to identify 10 clips/images in a single attempt. Pre- and post-tutorial scores, time taken for interpretation and confidence levels were compared using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Statistical significance was set at <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All 36 residents (55.6% female, mean age 29.1 ± 1.81 years) completed the study. After a video tutorial, the median interpretation score improved significantly from 3 (2) to 10 (0) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and the median interpretation time decreased from 12.9 (4.7) to 4.6 (1.2) s (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Confidence levels also improved significantly. Proficiency was achieved by 91.7% (33/36) of participants after one practice attempt, with the remaining 8.3% succeeding after a second attempt.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A brief tutorial on airway ultrasound significantly improves anaesthesia residents' ability to interpret ultrasound images for endotracheal tube placement. It may serve as a valuable adjunct to traditional methods for ETT placement confirmation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36517,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal Diagnosis of an Umbilical Cord Cyst Associated With Obstructed Umbilical Artery Flow: Case Report","authors":"James Miller,&nbsp;Lavinia Hallam,&nbsp;Debra Paoletti","doi":"10.1002/ajum.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajum.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Umbilical cord cysts are rare and the reported associations with abnormal foetal outcomes present challenges in antenatal diagnosis and management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Key Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We report a case of a large umbilical cord cyst detected in the second trimester, with no communication to the foetal bladder. Third trimester review demonstrated oedematous change in the umbilical cord and significantly reduced umbilical artery flow necessitating delivery by emergency caesarean section. Postnatally, the infant was found to have a patent urachus.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This case underlines the importance of antenatal ultrasound surveillance in pregnancies complicated by umbilical cord cysts, limitations in definitive diagnosis and features of cord compression that have not been previously reported.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36517,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Diagnosed by Emergency Practitioner-Performed Ocular Point-Of-Care Ultrasonography","authors":"Christian P. Pappas,&nbsp;Matthew Watson,&nbsp;Christopher Harrington,&nbsp;Katherine Masselos","doi":"10.1002/ajum.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajum.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a common cause of acute, monocular vision loss amongst men aged 40–50 years. Diagnosis is typically multimodal, requiring advanced ophthalmic imaging. These techniques are not readily available in acute care settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We report the first case of CSCR diagnosed by an emergency practitioner–performed ocular point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CSCR was identified by the presence of a dome-shaped, hypoechoic elevation of the neurosensory retina in association with a hypoechoic band posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. The diagnosis was confirmed following ophthalmic referral. The patient was managed conservatively with routine observation and risk factor modification.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We describe the first reported use of emergency practitioner-performed ocular POCUS to identify findings suggestive of CSCR, a common cause of acute monocular vision loss among working-aged men. Although this case demonstrates the evolving utility of ocular ultrasound in emergent eye presentations, further research is needed to define the technique's role in the early evaluation of CSCR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36517,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajum.70005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simplified First-Trimester Fetal Cardiac Screening Protocol for Low-Risk Pregnancies: Enhancing Efficiency and Accuracy","authors":"Vanessa Pincham,&nbsp;Andrew McLennan,&nbsp;Jonathan Forsey,&nbsp;Ritu Mogra","doi":"10.1002/ajum.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajum.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are among the most prevalent congenital anomalies and are frequently detected in pregnancies classified as low-risk, rather than in high-risk groups. Advancements in ultrasound technology have heightened the emphasis on first-trimester fetal cardiac screening. However, due to the small size of the fetal heart at this stage, significant challenges persist, underscoring the need for simplified and reproducible protocols that can be effectively applied on a population-wide scale.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper describes a screening approach centred on the four-chamber view (4CV) and three-vessel tracheal view (3VTV) with colour Doppler imaging. This includes optimisation of ultrasound machine settings and the use of transabdominal and transvaginal approaches to enhance visualisation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evidence demonstrates a CHD detection rate of 76% in low-risk populations, with a 95% success rate in obtaining the necessary views.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Operator expertise and familiarity with cardiac anomalies are critical for accurate detection. The early identification of CHDs enables informed decision-making regarding pregnancy management. A simplified protocol for first-trimester cardiac screening offers a promising tool for the early identification of CHDs, enabling timely referral and intervention. To optimise detection rates and clinical outcomes, continuous professional education and systematic auditing processes are indispensable for practitioners performing early fetal cardiac screening.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36517,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}