Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Furcate umbilical cord insertion with a bilobed placenta identified on prenatal ultrasonography","authors":"Megan Smith,&nbsp;Bethany McCullum","doi":"10.1002/ajum.12293","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajum.12293","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A furcate cord insertion is a rare finding, which increases the risk of adverse fetal outcomes. There are few reports of prenatal detection in the literature. We present a case of prenatally detected furcate cord insertion, diagnosed at 39 weeks’ gestation and delivered by elective caesarean section. The neonate was small for dates, but this finding was non-specific due to smoking during pregnancy. No other adverse effects to the fetus were found. The placenta required manual removal after attempted cord traction resulted in vessel avulsion at the furcate cord insertion site. Further research is required to develop recommendations for the safe management of this condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":36517,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine","volume":"25 2","pages":"98-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9201199/pdf/AJUM-25-98.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9127306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Describing the learning curve of novices for the diagnosis of paediatric distal forearm fractures using point-of-care ultrasound","authors":"Peter J. Snelling,&nbsp;Philip Jones,&nbsp;Mark Moore,&nbsp;Peta Gimpel,&nbsp;Rosemary Rogers,&nbsp;Kong Liew,&nbsp;Robert S. Ware,&nbsp;Gerben Keijzers","doi":"10.1002/ajum.12291","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajum.12291","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The learning curve of nurse practitioners (NPs) to accurately diagnose paediatric distal forearm fractures using point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) was investigated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Each NP’s learning curve was calculated as cumulative diagnostic accuracy against a number of scans performed. The curve’s plateau represented the attainment of competency. Secondary outcomes were the comparisons before and after this cut-off of diagnostic accuracy, classification of diagnostic errors, pain scores, duration and preference.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five NPs performed 201 POCUS studies with diagnostic accuracy plateauing at 90%, providing a ‘cut-off’ point at scan 15. Accuracy of POCUS scanning before and after the fifteenth scan was 81% (95% CI 70%–89%) and 90% (95% CI 84%–94%), respectively, demonstrating 9% improvement (P = 0.07). There was a 10% reduction in image interpretation errors. After fifteen scans, POCUS became faster (mean difference (MD) 2.6 min [95% CI 2.0–3.3], P &lt; 0.001), less painful (MD 0.61 points FPSR scale [95% CI 0.04–1.18], P = 0.04) and more preferred by NPs (63% vs 77%, P = 0.03).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The learning curve of POCUS-novice NPs independently scanning paediatric distal forearm injuries plateaued with mean diagnostic accuracy of 90% after 15 scans, suggesting competency was attained at this cut-off, supported by higher accuracy, being faster, less painful and more preferred by NPs. Future training packages in forearm POCUS should further address image interpretation and provide ongoing expert feedback.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings from this study suggest that competency in paediatric distal forearm POCUS can be attained by novices after a short training course and approximately 15 scans.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36517,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine","volume":"25 2","pages":"66-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9201201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10841401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality and quantification: Is it time to rethink?","authors":"Gillian Whalley","doi":"10.1002/ajum.12292","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajum.12292","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Often, I read in an online ultrasound forum a call to improve workforce shortages and long waiting times by using abbreviated scanning or so-called targeted studies. This is the justified realm of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) where a clinician answers a clinical question at the bedside allowing for fast triage into appropriate care. I am a fan of POCUS: I have seen instances where care was appropriately expedited. I am also a fan of the targeted scan performed by sonographers in situations where patients have had recent examinations and monitoring is all that is needed. But most patients still need a full study.</p><p>Complex protocols are efficacious and safe and the hallmark of sonography practice. Sonographer-led protocol-driven examinations, if performed completely, rule out other pathology, while confirming or excluding a differential diagnosis. In addition, while sometimes the differential is all that matters, its exclusion in an abbreviated scan may mean the true pathology is missed because it was not raised as a possibility by the referrer or recognised as a potential alternative diagnosis by the sonographer. When protocols are discarded, mistakes occur, pathology is missed, and additional (and potentially unnecessary) imaging may be performed. Protocol-driven studies are also a supportive approach for sonographers early in their career trajectory but take time to perform. In this issue of AJUM, Deslandes <i>et al</i><span>¹</span> show that to follow published guidelines for endometriosis diagnosis, a longer appointment time is needed. In essence, a one-slot booking system where every patient gets the same amount of time is not going to work. In the absence of a fee per service model, each sonographer would take as long as needed to get the images they required, but the fee per service model encourages practices to ‘squeeze’ more patients in and therefore does not adequately support full protocol-driven studies. Protocol-driven sonography is ideal. The question, though, is which protocol?</p><p>Many professional societies have guidelines for scanning but appropriately stop short of mandating their use. As health professionals, we should make individual decisions about how, and when, it is appropriate to offer an abbreviated scan. Yet, that takes a level of skill and expertise gained through years of experience, and therefore, the protocols and guidelines we use help to maintain quality care for all practitioners and patients. So who decides on these guidelines? Often, they are determined by international societies and are influenced by experts who typically work in well-resourced healthcare systems. Is it time we had local guidelines? Or are they too costly to develop for smaller countries? Also, in our region, should Australia and New Zealand have different guidelines from the rest of the world? We could adopt a shared approach, and that would be ideal given the transient nature of both our patient and professional pop","PeriodicalId":36517,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"3-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8873618/pdf/AJUM-25-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10766598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of four fetal biometry growth charts within an Australian obstetric population","authors":"Candice Dry,&nbsp;Michelle K. Pedretti,&nbsp;Elizabeth Nathan,&nbsp;Jan E. Dickinson","doi":"10.1002/ajum.12290","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajum.12290","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this study was to investigate the applicability of four existing fetal growth charts to a local tertiary hospital obstetric population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four existing fetal growth charts (the Raine study reference charts, INTERGROWTH-21st charts, World Health Organization (WHO) fetal growth study charts and Australasian Society for Ultrasound in Medicine (ASUM) endorsed Campbell Westerway charts were compared using data from 11651 singleton pregnancy ultrasound scans at King Edward Memorial Hospital (KEMH). The 3rd, 10th, 50th 90th and 97th percentile curves for abdominal circumference (AC) biometry for the KEMH data were calculated and the four primary correlation parameters from fitted 3rd order polynomials (a, b, c and d) were used to generate like-for-like comparisons for all charts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The overall comparisons showed a significant variation with different growth charts, giving different percentiles for the same fetal AC measurement. INTERGROWTH-21st percentile curves tended to fall below those of other charts for AC measurements. Both the Raine Study charts and ASUM charts were the charts of closest overall fit to the local data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our data show the Raine Study charts are the most appropriate for our population compared with the other three charts assessed suggesting the ‘one size fits all’ model may not be appropriate. However, additional analysis of biometry measurements, primarily AC, is needed to address the deficiency of data at 14-18 weeks gestation which exists for the Raine Study data.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A reasonable alternative may be to adopt the WHO charts with local calibration (including the 14 - 18 week gestation period).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36517,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"5-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8873619/pdf/AJUM-25-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10759269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review of intra-operative duplex scanning during renal transplantation","authors":"Linda Thebridge,&nbsp;Charles Fisher,&nbsp;Vikram Puttaswamy,&nbsp;Carol Pollock,&nbsp;Jillian Clarke","doi":"10.1002/ajum.12289","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajum.12289","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic review of the value of intra-operative duplex scanning during renal transplantation was undertaken.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Studies assessing intra-operative renal cortical flow in the arcuate vessels with outcomes of ultrasound directed interventions during the initial procedure, delayed graft function, post-operative resistive indices, graft losses and early returns to theatre for graft hypoperfusion were reviewed. PROSPERO registration: (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020203873).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Literature searching identified 2069 articles for screening, with 131 reviewed and 12 selected for analysis comprising 5 individual case reports, one case series of 11 patients and 6 non-randomised controlled trials. Studies with similar methodologies were pooled because of the low number of studies and outcomes. Outcomes of interest were not reported for all patients. Intra-operative interventions comprising graft repositioning in 18 (16%) and vascular revision in 2 (2%) were performed in 115 patients undergoing intra-operative scans. There were no graft losses or returns to theatre for graft hypoperfusion (0 of 108 cases) compared to 7 of 71 (10%) without intraoperative scanning (P = 0.003). Three of 8 (38%) patients with high intra-operative resistive indices (RIs) were returned to theatre for hypoperfusion compared to 1 of 110 (1%) patients with normal resistive indices (P = &lt;0.001). Ten of 13 (77%) patients with high RIs had delayed graft function compared to 10 of 40 (25%) with normal RIs (P = 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite the absence of randomised controlled trials, and heterogeneous small studies, adverse outcomes were reduced with intra-operative scanning. High intraoperative RIs were predictive of both delayed graft function and return to theatre for hypoperfusion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36517,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"42-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8873620/pdf/AJUM-25-42.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10737841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How long does a transvaginal ultrasound examination for endometriosis take in comparison to a routine transvaginal ultrasound examination?","authors":"Alison Deslandes,&nbsp;Nayana Parange,&nbsp;Jessie T. Childs,&nbsp;Brooke Osborne,&nbsp;Catrina Panuccio,&nbsp;Anthea Croft,&nbsp;Eva Bezak","doi":"10.1002/ajum.12288","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajum.12288","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to determine the additional time needed to perform an endometriosis transvaginal ultrasound (eTVUS) compared to routine transvaginal ultrasound (rTVUS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective case–control study was performed. The study group included 199 eTVUS performed between September 2019 and September 2020. The control group comprised 105 consecutive rTVUS studies performed in the same time period. The time stamps on the ultrasound images of all cases in both groups were reviewed to determine the time taken to perform each study. Mean, median, minimum and maximum scan times for both groups were calculated as was percentage difference between scan times. A two-tailed, unpaired t-test of the normalised data and a Mann–Whitney U test assessing time difference of scans between two groups were performed with P value &lt;0.05 considered statistically significant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Performing eTVUS took significantly longer than rTVUS with increases in the mean (8.4 vs 13.8 min, 64%), median (7 vs 12 min, 71%), minimum (4 vs 7 min, 75%) and maximum (19 vs 42 min, 121%) scan times. The Mann–Whitney U test indicated a statistically significant difference in the median scan times (5.0, CI 4.0–6.0), P &lt; 0.001. An independent t-test of the normalised data revealed a significantly larger mean scan time for eTVUS than rTVUS, Mean = 9.05 95%CI [13.17–4.94], t(302) = 4.327, P &lt; 0.001. <i>R</i>² = 0.583.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Endometriosis transvaginal ultrasound added an average 5.4 min to rTVUS, which is statistically significant. For ultrasound departments wanting to offer this technique, doubling the scan time allocated to perform a transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) is suggested.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36517,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"20-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajum.12288","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50807765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collaboration in the time of COVID","authors":"Gillian A. Whalley","doi":"10.1002/ajum.12287","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajum.12287","url":null,"abstract":"<p>These are different and difficult times. Throughout 2020 and 2021, we have been planning for the 50^th celebration conference for ASUM. It should have been a time for us to meet collegially, share knowledge and practical tips, and discuss our latest research findings with our colleagues. Fortunately, we have adapted to online learning and we have learned to communicate in a virtual way. Never before has collegiality been more important. We can increase our knowledge from webinars, reading journals online and attending virtual conferences. But the thing many of us miss the most about conference attendance is meeting old colleagues; forging new professional relationships; and building multi-centre research collaborations. As a professional society, ASUM is well positioned to support its members and offers us a place to grow the ultrasound community. In this issue of AJUM, we include three papers that discuss ultrasound practice across institutions.</p><p>Firstly, Manivel et al.<span>¹</span> present the results of a survey that invited emergency department staff across Australia and New Zealand to self-evaluate their preparedness to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. They found a general lack of preparedness and in particular challenges with infection control. It is likely that patients will continue to arrive at hospitals with both symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 for the foreseeable future as both countries grapple with outbreaks of the delta variant and the desire to allow citizens to move around and between cities, states and countries. The emergency department staff may be the first they encounter, so having adequate preparation at that stage is critical.</p><p>Next, Bennett et al.<span>²</span> report on their second workforce survey of surgeon-performed ultrasound use amongst registered members of the Breast Surgeons of Australia and New Zealand Society (BreastSurgANZ). They conclude that ‘an ultrasound training curriculum as part of the BreastSurgANZ postfellowship training programme is a necessary imperative’. Interestingly, their respondents were divided as to whether this training should be offered by the BreastSurgANZ (52%) or through a certificate of clinician-performed ultrasound (CCPU) programme (31%), but 22% of their respondents reported completing a CCPU programme versus just 10% in 2010 when their initial survey was undertaken. At the same time, breast ultrasound training is increasingly being offered to advanced trainees. Although this survey primarily informs the future provision of surgeon-led ultrasound, there are important parallels with other specialities. Increasingly, medical colleges are requiring trainees to learn bedside ultrasound. The landscape for teaching clinician-performed ultrasound has changed enormously and will continue to do so. Maintaining standards, providing appropriate training and developing supportive collegial relationships are important steps for the entire ultra","PeriodicalId":36517,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine","volume":"24 4","pages":"185-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8591272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39710123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Portal Venous Pulsatility Index as a predictor of fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","authors":"Shisheng Lu,&nbsp;Robyn Archard,&nbsp;Linda Mcleod,&nbsp;Angus Banh,&nbsp;Danny Con,&nbsp;Zaid Ardalan,&nbsp;Numan Kutaiba","doi":"10.1002/ajum.12286","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajum.12286","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing public health issue. Non-invasive methods to assess the fibrosis stage are limited, and biopsy remains the gold standard. The objective of our study was to assess whether the portal venous pulsatility index (VPI) can be used as a predictor of high-risk NAFLD at a tertiary referral centre for liver transplantation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We retrospectively reviewed patients with biopsy-proved NAFLD who had undergone a liver ultrasound scan within 1 year of biopsy at our centre from 2011 to 2019.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We did not find a significant correlation between the VPI and the NAFLD risk category or correlation between the VPI and degree of steatosis (P &gt; 0.05 for both).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Since VPI can be easily obtained on routine liver ultrasound and since other studies do report a positive association with significant fibrosis, more studies are needed before it can be recommended or not in risk-stratifying NAFLD patients into high- vs. low-risk NAFLD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36517,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"36-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajum.12286","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41495908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fetal dural sinus malformation: A case report and discussion of the literature","authors":"Jacqueline Jones,&nbsp;James Christie,&nbsp;Sarah Woodbury,&nbsp;Karen Mizia","doi":"10.1002/ajum.12285","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajum.12285","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fetal dural sinus malformation is a rare but important finding during pregnancy as it has the potential for significant complications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Here we present a case of fetal dural sinus malformation and review the current literature relevant to this condition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We present the case of a 33-year-old woman who had fetal dural sinus malformation containing thrombus diagnosed at morphology ultrasound and confirmed on fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Serial ultrasounds demonstrated the sinus to reduce significantly in size over the course of the pregnancy. The woman delivered a healthy, term baby and there was no evidence of any neurological compromise in the early neonatal period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This case is in keeping with a recent systematic review, which identified 78 previous cases of fetal dural sinus thrombosis and reported good outcomes in most cases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It therefore appears reasonable, in most cases of isolated dural sinus malformation, to monitor the progress of the lesion and continue managing the pregnancy as usual.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36517,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine","volume":"24 4","pages":"249-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8591274/pdf/AJUM-24-249.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39711564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The growth rates of solitary gallbladder polyps compared to multi-polyps: A quantitative analysis","authors":"Raymond Diep,&nbsp;Paul Lombardo,&nbsp;Michal Schneider","doi":"10.1002/ajum.12284","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajum.12284","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Several studies suggest solitary gallbladder polyps (GBPs) have an increased malignancy risk compared to multi-polyps. Furthermore, some malignant GBPs possessed faster growth rates compared to benign GBPs. To our knowledge, no study has established a relationship between GBP number and growth rates. Hence, this study aims to: (i) determine whether there is a statistical significance in growth rates between solitary GBPs versus multi-polyps; (ii) determine, in a four-year period, the proportion of GBPs in this study’s total cohort that exhibit growth compared to previous studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective, quantitative, cohort study was implemented utilising 100 consecutive patient records from three private radiology clinics. These were assessed against the eligibility criteria and allocated into the solitary or multi-polyp study group, depending on number of GBPs detected on initial and follow-up ultrasound examinations conducted 6–48 months later. Patient age, GBP sizes, time interval between initial and follow-up ultrasound examinations and GBP growth rates were compared between the study groups utilising Student’s <i>t</i> tests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No statistically significant difference was found between the study groups according to gender, age, GBP size and time between ultrasound examinations. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference between the growth rates of solitary and multi-polyp groups (P = 0.77). Most GBPs [92/100 (92%)] grew &lt;2 mm in maximal diameter, while 8/100 (8%) of GBPs grew ≥2 mm in maximal diameter at follow-up.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The large majority of GBPs maintained size stability at follow-up. On average, solitary GBPs did not grow faster than multi-polyps, although further research is recommended to reinforce this.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36517,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"28-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajum.12284","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46564269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}