Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Macular edema after retinal vein occlusions. Macular morphometry and chorioretinal hemodynamics","authors":"A. A. Fil, E. L. Sorokin, O. V. Kolenko","doi":"10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-3-164-168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-3-164-168","url":null,"abstract":"This review article summarizes current data on the pathogenesis of macular edema after retinal vein occlusions (RVOs) and patterns of macular morphometry and chorioretinal hemodynamics. RVOs account for 60% of acute vascular eye diseases. The major cause of vision loss in RVOs is macular edema which results from subclinical inflammation characterized by leukostasis and enhanced expression of adhesion molecules and production of cytokines increasing retinal capillary permeability. The association between the severity of macular edema and vitreous levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, and VEGF) is established. Cystic lesions and detachment of the neuroepithelium (75%) are typical for macular edema after RVOs. Impaired chorioretinal hemodynamics (as demonstrated by a significant reduction of vascular density in the superficial and deep vascular plexus, significant decrease in peak diastolic flow velocity, and increase in resistivity index in the ophthalmic artery and short posterior ciliary arteries) is also reported. The paper addresses etiological factors of RVOs and pathogenesis of macular edema, technical tools for vital assessment of the retina, and choroidal/retinal hemodynamics. This provides great opportunities for a complex in-depth study of the development and course of macular edema to identify potential predictors of its development and persistence. Keywords: retinal vein occlusions, macular edema, morphometry, chorioretinal hemodynamics. For citation: Fil' A.A., Sorokin E.L., Kolenko O.V. Macular edema after retinal vein occlusions. Macular morphometry and chorioretinal hemodynamics. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(3):164–168 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-3- 164-168.","PeriodicalId":36455,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83016602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and functional retinal changes in postoperative hypotony","authors":"V. Erichev, A. A. Vitkov, A. A. Antonov, E. A. Ragozina, A. V. Volzhanin","doi":"10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-187-193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-187-193","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: to analyze the retinal microvascular network changes in hypotony maculopathy after non-penetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS). Patients and Methods: the study enrolled 35 patients (35 eyes) with uncontrolled glaucoma stages II and III in whom the intraocular pressure (IOP) level was less than 10 mm Hg after NPDS. In addition to a standard eye exam, all patients underwent optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) before and one day after surgery. In addition, the radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) network vessel density (VD) on 4×4-mm optic nerve scans, superficial vascular plexus (SVP) VD on 6×6-mm macular scans, and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area on 3×3-mm scans were evaluated. Results: IOP-lowering effect was reported in all patients, i.e., IOP level reduced by, on average, 17.7±8.3 mm Hg. In 15 patients, baseline OCTA parameters worsened (group 1). In 17 patients, OCTA parameters improved (group 2). In 3 patients, OCTA parameters remained unchanged (group 3). In group 1, parafoveal VD reduced by 1.5% [2.45%; 0.85%] in the superior sector and 1.3% [1.75%; 0.85%] in the inferior sector. Peripapillary VD reduced by 0.6% [2.0%; 0.1%] in the superior sector and 1.1% [2.4%; 0.0%] in the inferior sector. In group 2, parafoveal VD improved by 0.85% [0.0%; 1.75%] in the superior sector and 1.2% [0.68%; 2.6%] in the inferior sector. Peripapillary VD improved by 1.2% [0.18%; 2.0%] in the superior sector and 0.95% [0.05%; 1.75%] in the inferior sector. IOP levels were similar. No correlations between OCTA parameters and IOP levels were revealed. Postoperatively, the FAZ area remained unchanged. Conclusions: postoperative hypotonia has a positive and negative impact on the retinal microvascular network. OCTA findings after NPDS demonstrate no correlations with IOP levels. Further studies are needed to identify prognostic factors of hypotony maculopathy and assess its long-term effects on retinal vessels. Keywords: glaucoma, non-penetrating deep sclerectomy, hypotony maculopathy, OCTA. For citation: Erichev V.P., Antonov A.A., Vitkov A.A. et al. Morphological and functional retinal changes in postoperative hypotony. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(4):187–193 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-187-193.","PeriodicalId":36455,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78439364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of intravitreal injections on the progression and prognosis of primary open-angle glaucoma","authors":"A. Movsisyan, N. G. Glazko, A. Brezhnev, A. Kuroyedov","doi":"10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-227-234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-227-234","url":null,"abstract":"Intravitreal injections (IVI) have revolutionized management strategies for many disorders, e.g., age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic macular edema, retinal vein occlusion, choroidal inflammatory diseases, and pathologic myopia. Over the last two decades, exponential growth in the rate of IVIs has been seen worldwide. Primary therapeutic modalities include the courses of periodic injections to achieve and maintain the desired effect. Studies on the effects and neuroprotective role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and agents blocking its action in various organs and tissues on the retina have demonstrated some differences in the outcomes and their interpretation which potentially affect IVI management strategy and treatment efficacy. Understanding the results and ocular changes in response to therapy (particularly in patients with glaucoma) requires special attention. A predicted increase in life expectancy and the number of patients with glaucoma suggests that the number of patients with several eye diseases who require IVIs will inevitably increase. In addition, some studies evaluate glaucoma progression after IVIs. Considering a lack of relevant data on long-term adverse effects on IOP level and cup area, and improvement of visual functions, IVIs are regarded as a safe treatment modality in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular comorbidities that require IVIs. Keywords: intravitreal injections, glaucoma, vascular endothelial growth factor, retinal ganglionic cells, retinal nerve fiber layer, intraocular pressure, optical coherence tomography, optic disc. For citation: Movsisyan A.B., Glazko N.G., Brezhnev A.Yu., Kuroyedov A.V. Effect of intravitreal injections on the progression and prognosis of primary open-angle glaucoma. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(4):227–234 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021- 21-4-227-234.","PeriodicalId":36455,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology","volume":"252 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76119552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between relative telomere length and a genetic variant of SIRT1 gene and age-related macular degeneration","authors":"L. Moshetova, O. Dmitrenko, O. I. Abramova, N. Karpova, K. I. Turkina, I. Saburina, M. Pathophysiology","doi":"10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-3-143-146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-3-143-146","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important factors predisposing to the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is aging. Telomeres are important for aging by maintaining genome stability. Aim: to identify the association between relative telomere length of buccal epithelial cells and SIRT1 rs12778366 genetic variation and late AMD. Patients and Methods: 100 patients (200 eyes) were enrolled, i.e., 50 patients with AMD (AREDS category 4) and 50 patients without AMD. Genomic DNA isolated from buccal epithelial cells by phenol-chloroform extraction was used. Genotyping of SIRT1 rs12778366 polymorphic locus was performed by TaqMan® real-time PCR. Telomere length was measured by real-time PCR as described earlier [Cawthon, 2002] using specific primers. Relative telomere length was assessed by the relative telomere to single-copy gene (T/S) ratio. Results: the rate of allele C was 25% in the study group and 14% in the control group (p=0.049). The rate of heterozygotic TC genotype was twice higher in the study group compared to the control group (p=0.045). In heterozygotic carriers of the allele C of the SIRT1 rs12778366 gene, the risk of AMD is 2.048- and 2.425-times higher in сodominant and dominant inheritance pattern, respectively. In patients with late AMD, there are more short telomeres (64% vs. 48% in the control group, р=0.0002). Conclusions: further studies of a polymorphic SIRT1 gene locus in the association with telomere length in a larger sample are required. In the future, these molecular markers can be applied to predict the individual course of AMD and to implement preventive measures. Keywords: age-related macular degeneration, relative telomere length, rs12778366, SIRT1 gene, age-related diseases, buccal epithelium, genetic testing. For citation: Moshetova L.K., Dmitrenko O.P., Abramova O.I. et al. Association between relative telomere length and a genetic variant of SIRT gene and age-related macular degeneration. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(3):143–146 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311- 7729-2021-21-3-143-146.","PeriodicalId":36455,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85471153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glaucoma progression during the COVID-19 pandemics","authors":"V. E. Korelina, I. Gazizova, A. Kuroyedov, M. Didur","doi":"10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-3-147-152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-3-147-152","url":null,"abstract":"The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) provides powerful effects on all pathogenic aspects of the primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). The property of this virus to initiate disseminated intravascular coagulation, damage endotheliocytes, and impair coagulation result in numerous severe complications affecting all organs and systems. This disorder provokes retinal ischemia and hypoxia and spurs apoptosis of ganglionic cells. Cytokine storm and oxidative stress resulting from the COVID-19 potentially contribute to the progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Distressing effect of the pandemic, a growing number of patients with depressive and anxiety disorders increase the risk of POAG and ocular hypertension, reduce treatment compliance, and exacerbate glaucoma course. Ophthalmic patients should be informed on potential risks and consequences of the COVID-19 and educated on the safety and efficacy of vaccination and the need for these preventive measures for elderly patients (in particular, with glaucoma). A year of the COVID-19 pandemic has radically changed the attitude to many processes of doctor-patient relationships. There is a need for the development of the technologies of distant monitoring of patients with glaucoma. Keywords: primary open-angle glaucoma, COVID-19, telemedicine, pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, cytokine storm, oxidative stress, intraocular pressure, apoptosis of ganglionic cells, glaucomatous optic neuropathy, post-COVID-19 syndrome. For citation: Korelina V.E., Gazizova I.R., Kuroyedov A.V., Didur M.D. Glaucoma progression during the COVID-19 pandemics. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(3):147–152 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-3-147-152.","PeriodicalId":36455,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87235258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current treatment modalities for dry eye disease","authors":"E. Tatarnikova, O. I. Krivosheina","doi":"10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-1-18-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-1-18-23","url":null,"abstract":"For many years, dry eye disease (DED) is a common ophthalmic condition associated with ocular surface damage and loss of homeostasis of the tear film. The key pathogenic factors of DED are tear film instability and tear hyperosmolarity, ocular surface inflammation and damage, and neurosensory alterations. Current treatment for DED consists of non-medical therapies, tear substitutes, anti-inflammatory agents, and surgical procedures. These treatments improve disease course and quality of life. However, these treatments are largely palliative as long-term (and even life-long) installation of eye drops is required. Modern and effective treatments for DED are needed. This paper reviews domestic and foreign published data on the important therapies for DED and novel tools to promote symptom relief. These data are required for the understanding of the pharmacological effects of various drug classes prescribed for DED and early treatment initiation. Keywords: dry eye disease, tear replacement therapy, anti-inflammatory treatment, surgery, hyaluronic acid, preservatives. For citation: Tatarnikova E.B., Krivosheina O.I. Current treatment modalities for dry eye disease. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(1):18–23. DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-1-18-23.","PeriodicalId":36455,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78011282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical examples of the effective correction of low astigmatism for improving vision","authors":"I. Lobanova, E. G. Rybakova, T. B. Romanova","doi":"10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-249-252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-249-252","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s world, the extensive visual load increases the demands on the quality of optical correction. Inadequate optical correction results in additional load on the accommodation system of the eye, increased fatigue, and complaints of asthenopia. Full optical correction is an essential requirement for the correct functioning of a visual analyzer. However, if baseline impairments of accommodation response (fusion) are not considered, full optical correction (eyeglasses or contact lenses) provokes visual discomfort. Daily disposable contact lenses (CL) with power change for each additional month is helpful in these cases, thereby allowing for a stepwise transition to the complete correction of ametropias and recovery of physiological accommodation, convergence, and better central and binocular vision quality. Prescription of spherical (not toric) CL, whose optical power was calculated by the spherical equivalent of sphero-cylindrical correction, is a typical error when correcting low astigmatism. This error negatively affects accommodative response and visual working capacity. A complete correction of astigmatism (even a low one) is required for visual recovery to reduce visual fatigue and improve working capacity and academic performance. When prescribing optical correction, binocular vision patterns and a dominant eye should be considered. Keywords: astigmatism, accommodation, binocular vision, visual discomfort, asthenopia, toric soft contact lenses. For citation: Lobanova I.V., Rybakova E.G., Romanova T.B. Clinical examples of the effective correction of low astigmatism for improving vision. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(4):249–252 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-249-252.","PeriodicalId":36455,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology","volume":"179 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82999189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of refraction and axial length on the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy","authors":"M. Bikbov, O. I. Orenburkina, A. Babushkin, A.A. Fakhretdinova","doi":"10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-205-209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-205-209","url":null,"abstract":"Eye disorders have a special place in diabetes since visual impairment has a significant effect on the quality of life. Therefore, determining risk factors and prognostic criteria for disease course are essential for developing strategies for early prevention of diabetic retinopathy (DR). This paper addresses studies on various aspects of DR in patients with myopia. It was demonstrated that DR arises, develops, and progresses in different ways under various axial lengths (AL). Thus, many authors report that DR barely occurs in high myopia. Some of them account for this phenomenon for poor blood circulation in a long myopic eye. Others refer to a significantly lower vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentration in longer eyes or eyes with myopic refraction. The third authors argue a focal disintegration of retinal pigment epithelium to eliminate metabolic end products through the choroid and sclera. As a result, neither acidosis nor venous congestion develops, and endothelial barrier function remains unaffected Keywords: diabetic retinopathy, myopia, axial length, vascular endothelial growth factor, emmetropia, hyperopia, diabetes. For citation: Bikbov M.M., Orenburkina O.I., Babushkin A.E., Fakhretdinova A.A. Effects of refraction and axial length on the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(4):205–209 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729- 2021-21-4-205-209.","PeriodicalId":36455,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89908890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the functionality of tear film and autorefractometry reading after instillations of artificial tear products of different viscosity","authors":"V. Brzheskiy, E. L. Efimova, M. Kopylova, P.V. Kocharina, A. Primak, V. Nikolaenko","doi":"10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-200-204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-200-204","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: to study the changes in the critical parameters of tear film stability and autorefractometry in patients with mild dry eye syndrome (DES) after instilling artificial tear products of different viscosity. Patients and Methods: thirty patients aged 23–70 with mild bilateral DES were examined using the Visionix VX120+Dry Eye multi-diagnostic unit equipped with the TF-Scan to fix and assess tear film stability and tear breakup time (TBUT). The critical refraction and tear film parameters were evaluated by keratometry, corneal topography, TBUT, and tear meniscus height measurements. Next, an artificial tear product was instilled, i.e., group 1 (14 patients, 28 eyes) received a 0.15% sodium hyaluronate-based preparation, and group 2 (16 patients, 32 eyes) received a 0.4% sodium hyaluronate-based preparation. The examination was repeated after 30 sec and 5 min. Controls were seven healthy individuals (14 eyes). Results: in DES, breaks in the tear film appeared earlier and affected greater corneal surface area. A \"Destabilized tear film area\" parameter of the Visionix VX120+Dry Eye contributed significantly to the knowledge of tear film functionality, thereby empowering the diagnostic armamentarium in DES. As early as 30 sec after instillation of both artificial tear preparations, breakup-free time tended to increase, while the area of tear film destabilization tended to reduce. After 5 min, this trend continued to increase, particularly after instilling 0.15% sodium hyaluronate-based preparation. At the same time, changes in keratometry readings (i.e., sphere and cylinder) and astigmatism axis orientation were reported. Corneal refractive power (more in the flattest axis) increased, in particular, after the instillations of 0.15% hyaluronic acid. The range of changes was 0.00–0.75 D for the sphere power, 0.00–0.50 D for the cylinder power, and 0–69 degrees for astigmatism axis orientation. Conclusions: our findings with the Visionix VX120+Dry Eye multi-diagnostic unit demonstrate a significant variation of autorefractometry readings in DES depending on the extent of ocular surface hydration. These phenomena raise questions about the accuracy of autorefractometry readings. Therefore, autorefractometry should be performed after normalizing tear film volume and stability. Keywords: dry eye syndrome, Visionix®, autorefractometry, tearscopy, the effect of artificial tears on results. For citation: Brzheskiy V.V., Efimova E.L., Kopylova M.A. et al. Changes in the functionality of tear film and autorefractometry reading after instillations of artificial tear products of different viscosity. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(4):200–204 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-200-204.","PeriodicalId":36455,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78434825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current multimodal diagnostic tools for diabetic macular edema to select a management strategy","authors":"M. V. Pshenichnov","doi":"10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-210-214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-210-214","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes is a severe chronic disease that significantly affects the quality of life of individuals, their families, and society worldwide. Diabetic retinopathy, particularly diabetic macular edema (DME), is the leading cause of blindness and low vision among adults of working age in developed countries and Russia. A recent multimodal approach to diagnose DME resulted in new classifications of this disorder and slightly modified earlier views. The analysis of DME biomarkers allows for selecting management strategies for each patient, prescribing adequate medical treatment, and predicting potential treatment response. This paper aimed to analyze published data and up-to-date diagnostic approaches to DME. These tools provide a correct therapeutic strategy based on the DME pattern. Keywords: diabetic macular edema, optical coherence tomography, anti-VEGF treatment. For citation: Pshenichnov M.V. Current multimodal diagnostic tools for diabetic macular edema to select a management strategy. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(4):210–214 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-210-214.","PeriodicalId":36455,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81684382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}