Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Clinical and genetic aspects of albinism","authors":"V. Kadyshev, S. A. Ryazhskaya, O. V. Khalanskaya, N. V. Zhurkova, R. Zinchenko","doi":"10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-3-175-180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-3-175-180","url":null,"abstract":"Albinism is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of hereditary diseases whose pathogenesis is mediated by impaired synthesis of melanin which results in its partial or total loss. Reduced melatonin level clinically manifests as skin, hair, and ocular hypopigmentation. Ocular presentations include hypopigmentation/lack of pigmentation of eye fundus and iris, foveal hypoplasia, low vision, nystagmus and strabismus, photophobia, iris transillumination, and asymmetrical decussation of nerve fibers at the optic chiasm. However, albinism can be a part of more complex genetic syndromes, e.g., Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome or Chediak-Higashi syndrome. These disorders should be identified as early as possible to start therapy to prevent life-threatening conditions. Partial albinism with ocular, skin or hair hypopigmentation not associated with melanogenesis (e.g., Griscelli syndrome, Waardenburg syndrome, Aland Island eye disease, etc.) also occurs. Each case of albinism requires an accurate molecular genetic diagnosis to provide a personalized treatment approach, predict life expectancy and health status, and plan pregnancy. Keywords: albinism, Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, Chediak-Higashi syndrome, hypopigmentation, clinical polymorphism, genetic heterogeneity. For citation: Kadyshev V.V., Ryazhskaya S.A., Khalanskaya O.V. et al. Clinical and genetic aspects of albinism. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(3):175–180 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-3-175-180.","PeriodicalId":36455,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80027997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency of topical application of regenerants and reparents containing group B vitamins in patients with post-burn symblepharon","authors":"M. Gushсhina, D. Afanasyeva","doi":"10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-253-257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-253-257","url":null,"abstract":"Ocular burns can lead to complex anatomic disorders and dysfunctions of the ocular surface, as well as palpebral conjunctiva and fornixes, resulting in permanent decrease in basal tear production in long-term period. Some patients need surgery to treat symblepharon and restore eyelids position, conjunctival fornixes and corneal transparency. Nonetheless, as a rule, it is impossible to resolve symptoms of dry eye due to loss of tear-producing elements. Severe decrease of tear production causes significant discomfort for such patients and enforce keratopathy even in good cosmetic result after surgery. To provide the most optimal results on the all steps of the rehabilitation for the patients with ocular burns, it is worth to add cornea reparants and artificial tears containing group B vitamins. On the basis of a clinical case was showed efficiency of topical application of regenerants and reparents containing group B vitamins in patients with post-burn symblepharon. A cornea epithelization was enhanced and improved tear film stability (tear break-up time changed from 1 to 3 seconds). Moreover, such treatment also resulted in discomfort correction and better visual acuity (change from 0.1 to 0.4). Keywords: ocular burn, artificial tears, lubricants, dexpanthenol, pantothenic acid, B5, cyanocobalamin, B12, keratopathy, dry eye syndrome. For citation: Gushсhina M.B., Afanasyeva D.S. Efficiency of topical application of regenerants and reparents containing group B vitamins in patients with post-burn symblepharon. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(4):253–257 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729- 2021-21-4-253-257.","PeriodicalId":36455,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84028341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State-of-the-art of loading and unloading tests for glaucoma: potentialities and informative value","authors":"O. Myakonkaya, A. Sarkisyan, A. V. Seleznev, A. Kuroyedov, I. Gazizova","doi":"10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-3-153-158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-3-153-158","url":null,"abstract":"Prevention of blindness and low vision resulting from the progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) depends mainly on the early diagnosis of glaucoma. Loading and unloading tests which create conditions for intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuations are important for the early diagnosis of glaucoma. Stress tests for glaucoma lead to a short-term IOP rise and help identify symptoms that are questionable under normal conditions. Stress tests include water-drinking test, position test, dark room test, dentation test, pharmacological mydriasis, corticosteroid provocative test, etc. Unloading tests are reasonable if the IOP level is the upper normal limit or slightly higher. Unloading tests include glyceryl ascorbate test, test with acetazolamide, and instillations of IOP-lowering medications (e.g., M-cholinomimetic or prostaglandin analog). Visual changes accompanying loading and unloading tests are recorded by visual acuity measurement, IOP measurement (tonometry and tonography, visual field testing (campimetry, angioscotometry), adaptometry, retinal tomography, and electrophysiology (visually evoked potentials). Studies are currently underway to develop novel modifications of diagnostic tests using modern high-tech controlling tools. These advances increase the informative value of these tests which are relevant for both early diagnosis and stabilization of glaucoma course. This review article summarizes currently available data on the informative value of loading and unloading tests. Keywords: glaucoma, intraocular pressure, loading tests, unloading tests, early diagnosis of glaucoma. For citation: Myakonkaya O.S., Sarkisyan A.S., Seleznev A.V. et al. State-of-the-art of loading and unloading tests for glaucoma: potentialities and informative value. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(3):153–158 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-3-153-158.","PeriodicalId":36455,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77625702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additive effect of brimonidine in maximum tolerated medical therapy for primary open-angle glaucoma","authors":"D. A. Dorofeev, V.P. Balukhtina, M.V. Es’kova, K. A. Efimova, E. V. Kirilik, K.O. Luk’yanova","doi":"10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-3-129-134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-3-129-134","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: to evaluate additive IOP-lowering effect of brimonidine 0.2% to achieve target IOP via enhancing maximum tolerated medical therapy for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Patients and Methods: 63 patients (63 eyes) with advanced POAG and poorly controlled IOP who received prostaglandin analogs and a fixeddose carbonic anhydrase inhibitor/beta-blocker combination were enrolled. All patients were additionally prescribed with brimonidine 0.2%. After a month, patients were divided into two groups based on achieved IOP level. In group 1, target IOP was achieved, and these patients were followed up. In group 2, target IOP was not achieved, and these patients underwent trabeculectomy. IOP was measured by elastotonometry and using the iCare tonometer. Results: a month after prescribing α2 agonist, true IOP level reduced to 14.0 (9.5; 17.0) mm Hg in group 1 and to 17.0 (13.0; 20.0) mm Hg in group 2. At the final visit, IOP levels were within target ranges in both groups, i.e., 13.0 (11.0; 18.5) mm Hg and 13.5 (9.7; 17.2) mm Hg, respectively. Meanwhile, changes in IOP measured by various methods were significantly different. IOP reduced by 5.4% (-7.1%; 17.6%) in group 1 and by 20.7% (4.4%; 30.7%) in group 2 (p<0.05) as measured by elastotonometry and by 8.3% (-11.8%; 28.6%) in group 1 and by 33.3% (13.9%; 50.7%) in group 2 as measured by iCare tonometer. Conclusions: brimonidine 0.2% provides additional IOP reduction to enhance maximum tolerated medical therapy for advanced POAG. An estimated effect of brimonidine is a 8% reduction of IOP from the baseline. If target IOP is not achieved, a patient should be scheduled for surgery. IOP should be measured using the iCare tonometer since this device is more sensitive to minor IOP fluctuations. Keywords: brimonidine 0.2%, maximum tolerated medical therapy for glaucoma, tonometry, elastotonometry, glaucoma, trabeculectomy, additive effect, target IOP. For citation: Dorofeev D.A., Balukhtina V.P., Es’kova M.V. et al. Additive effect of brimonidine in maximum tolerated medical therapy for primary open-angle glaucoma. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(3):129–134 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-3-129-134.","PeriodicalId":36455,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83688994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nuances of preoperative care before cataract extraction. What do we overlook when performing biometry, calculating IOL power, and examining the eye?","authors":"A. Movsisyan, A. Egorov","doi":"10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-3-159-163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-3-159-163","url":null,"abstract":"Modern cataract surgery is increasingly regarded as a refractive procedure. The focus has shifted from practicing and refining surgical steps towards personalized intraocular lens (IOL) choice based on the eye parameters of each individual. The best possible refractive outcome is now the priority. All components of biometry contribute to IOL power calculation accuracy. Therefore, any errors, a method of evaluating each parameter, and a technician’s experience are important. In addition, refraction, macular disorders, and prior surgical procedures affect IOL choice, preoperative care, and the extent of surgery. Moreover, subsequent changes in the IOL position that results in refractive errors after cataract surgery (this depends on the formula for IOL power calculation) should also be considered. The accuracy of IOL power calculation is affected by the inaccuracy of current biometry techniques and postoperative changes of the globe. Personalization of theoretical formulas provides better accuracy of IOL power calculations to meet modern trends in intraocular correction. Supplements containing macular pigments prevent macular degeneration and protect the macular zone. Keywords: cataract, refraction, cataract surgery, biometry, IOL power calculation, IOL power calculation formulas, retina, age-related macular degeneration. For citation: Movsisyan A.B., Egorov A.E. Nuances of preoperative care before cataract extraction. What do we overlook when performing biometry, calculating IOL power, and examining the eye? Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(3):159–163 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-3-159-163.","PeriodicalId":36455,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80669516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current trends in studying glaucoma: a review of published data","authors":"L. A. Zaporozhetc, V. N. Alekseev, Е.А. Egorov, Е.V. Martynova, Yu.A. Alekseev","doi":"10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-194-199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-194-199","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: to analyze recently published data on the trends in glaucoma studies, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical course, diagnostic challenges, and treatment for glaucoma based on current recommendations and published data over the last 50 years. Materials and Methods: this paper reviews English published data on glaucoma indexed in PubMed database and papers from the \"Ophthalmological Journal\" and \"American Journal of Ophthalmology over 50 years (1970–2019), and open access journals («National Journal Glaucoma\" and \"British Journal of Ophthalmology\") over the last ten years (2010–2019). Results: published data analysis demonstrated a steadily increased interest in studying all aspects of glaucoma from 1970 until now. In 2010–2019, there was a growing interest in the personalized approach to the study and treatment of glaucoma. Over this period, studies on the fundamental basis of glaucoma and its surgical management became the priority in Russia and foreign countries. Meanwhile, the interest in glaucoma surgery is still predominant in Russian published data from 1970 until now (although its growth rate reduced by 2019). In the 1980s, studying the functional status of glaucoma using automated perimetry gained the most popularity. Since 2000, the interest has switched to the morphometry of optic nerve head (ONH) using optical coherence tomography. Conclusions: primary studies on glaucoma are similar in Russia and foreign countries, i.e., theoretical aspects (etiology and pathogenesis) and improving surgical techniques. Our findings demonstrate a growing interest in a personalized approach to study glaucoma. Since 2010, there has been an increase in domestic published data on conservative treatment for glaucoma. To date, the most promising diagnostic modality is ONH morphometry. Keywords: primary glaucoma, published data, automated perimetry, Heidelberg retinal tomography, optical coherence tomography, glaucoma treatment. For citation: Zaporozhetc L.A., Alekseev V.N., Egorov Е.А. et al. Current trends in studying glaucoma: a review of published data. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(4):194–199 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-194-199.","PeriodicalId":36455,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88559498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secondary traumatic aniridic glaucoma: pathogenesis and treatment modalities","authors":"N. Sobolev, V. V. Teplovodskaya, M. A. Soboleva, E. P. Sudakova","doi":"10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-235-240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-235-240","url":null,"abstract":"Ocular hypertension resulting from eye injuries occurs in 0.78–6.2%. Penetrating eye injuries rank first (22.5%), and blunt eye traumas rank second (7.65%). This paper addresses recent data on various surgical techniques for secondary traumatic aniridic glaucoma, their pros, and cons. When selecting a surgical technique, a differentiated approach should be followed depending on traumatic lesions of the anterior segment and hydrodynamics. Sometimes, implantation of a prosthetic iris device with an intraocular lens (to close iris defect and restore the diaphragmic function of the iris) triggers the onset of secondary glaucoma after iris injury. In uncontrolled intraocular pressure in the early postoperative period and preserved at least one-third of the iris, a non-penetrating deep sclerectomy can be performed. In extensive tissue damage (less than one-third of the iris is preserved), implantation of glaucoma drainage devices is a pathogenetically oriented strategy. Keywords: traumatic glaucoma, aniridia, secondary glaucoma, glaucoma surgery, prosthetic iris device with an intraocular lens. For citation: Sobolev N.P., Teplovodskaya V.V., Soboleva M.A., Sudakova E.P. Secondary traumatic aniridic glaucoma: pathogenesis and treatment modalities. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(4):235–240 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729- 2021-21-4-235-240.","PeriodicalId":36455,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology","volume":"386 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86819315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-medical treatment for late age-related macular degeneration","authors":"A. K. Drakon, A. G. Kurguzova, V. Sheludchenko, N. Korchazhkina","doi":"10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-215-219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-215-219","url":null,"abstract":"Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in people over 55 in developed countries. Moreover, the number of these patients will increase growth as life expectancy increases. It is estimated that late AMD accounts for half of blindness and low vision cases in European countries. A myriad of studies is currently underway to discover cutting-edge, effective therapeutic modalities. Gene therapy is a novel alternative to regular intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents for late wet AMD. This technique’s heart is a specific gene delivery to target cells to generate natural VEGF inhibitors. Gene therapy affecting the complement system to deactivate its end product, the membrane attack complex, is reasonable in late atrophic AMD. Studies on stem cell therapy for late atrophic AMD undergo as well. It was demonstrated that retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells derived from human embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells express typical RPE markers that can phagocytize photoreceptor segments. Electrical stimulation and magnet therapy are already introduced into clinical practice to rehabilitate patients with late AMD. Magnetic and electrical fields improve impulse transmitting, activate intracellular and tissue regeneration of the retina. Recent findings are promising but require further in-depth studies. Keywords: age-related macular degeneration, retinal scar, gene therapy, stem cells, physiotherapy, rehabilitative medicine. For citation: Drakon A.K., Kurguzova A.G., Sheludchenko V.M., Korchazhkina N.B. Non-medical treatment for late age-related macular degeneration. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(4):215–219 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-215-219.","PeriodicalId":36455,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78418007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bromfenac in ophthalmic practice","authors":"M. Maksimov, A. A. Zvegintseva, I. D. Kanner, N. M. Lapkin","doi":"10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-241-248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-241-248","url":null,"abstract":"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are essential for the treatment of ocular disorders. While corticosteroids are the gold standard for inflammatory ocular diseases, comparative studies on the efficacy of NSAIDs and corticosteroids have demonstrated no significant differences in outcomes. Given the chemical structure of NSAIDs, it should be noted that salicylates, phenamates, and pyrazoline derivatives are either toxic or unstable. Solubilizers and preservatives also account for toxicity. Bromfenac-based medications are characterized by high safety and contain minimum benzalkonium chloride. This paper reviews advantages of a modern topical NSAID, bromfenac, for ocular use. This medication is more effective than diclofenac (by 3.7 times), amfenac (by 6.5 times), and ketorolac (by 18 times) in terms of inhibiting COG-2. Furthermore, the regimen of use (twice daily), no discomfort, and excellent safety profile with minimal adverse effects improve treatment adherence. In addition, Bromfenac, a topical antiinflammatory agent, improves patients’ satisfaction with surgical outcomes since patients achieve maximum possible visual acuity as early as possible. Keywords: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs, bromfenac, arachidonic acid, inflammation, corticosteroids, eye surgery, cataract, cystoid macular edema. For citation: Maksimov M.L., Zvegintseva A.A., Kanner I.D., Lapkin N.M. Bromfenac in ophthalmic practice. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(4):241–248 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-241-248.","PeriodicalId":36455,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74547559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: reasonable expectations of physicians and patients","authors":"A. B. Durasov, Octopus, Tochka zreniya, Samara Russian Federation Ltd.","doi":"10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-3-169-174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-3-169-174","url":null,"abstract":"Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is a progressive chronic multifactorial disease requiring long-term, lifelong anti- VEGF therapy. Treatment outcomes are not always in line with the results of randomized clinical trials and do not meet the expectations for therapy whose success is assessed differently by patients and physicians. Good functional and anatomical results are expected from antivasoproliferative therapy under certain conditions, e.g., accurate evaluation of some patient characteristics (baseline visual acuity, type of choroidal neovascularization, comorbidities, status of retinal fluid and its differentiation), timely (as early as possible) treatment initiation after verifying diagnosis, and strict adherence to a proactive personalized \"Treat-and-Extend\" (T&E) regimen that implies a required number of injections with individual intervals. Poor adherence to treatment (non-compliance or nonpersistence of anti-VEGF therapy) significantly affects treatment outcomes in real-world clinical practice. This paper reviews criteria which predict the response to antivasoproliferative therapy and improving treatment adherence. The authors describe four fundamental principles to be met by an ideal regimen of anti-VEGF therapy for nAMD. Keywords: neovascular age-related macular degeneration, nAMD, \"Treat-and-Extend\", T&E, adherence, nonpersistence, anti-VEGF. For citation: Durasov A.B. Treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: reasonable expectations of physicians and patients. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(3):169–174 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-3-169-174.","PeriodicalId":36455,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85837884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}