Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Current surgical treatment options for ocular complications of Stevens-Johnson and Lyell's syndromes","authors":"V. F. Chernysh, N. N. Haritonova, A. Kulikov, P. A. Kacherovich, A. A. Kol’bin","doi":"10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-2-99-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-2-99-106","url":null,"abstract":"Epidermolytic drug reactions (EDR) are severe acute drug-induced allergic disorders characterized by extensive lesions of the skin and mucous membranes. Drug-induced Stevens-Johnson and Lyell's syndromes manifested with acute skin and mucous membrane disorders and often leading to lethal outcome may affect eyelids and ocular surface with different levels of severity and thus can cause serious functional ocular complications. The authors present two clinical reports of patients with ocular EDR manifestations in acute and long-term time periods and review the currently available effective treatment options for patients with such ocular complications and their consequences. The article describes surgical treatments which enabled to achieve satisfactory anatomical and functional results in patients with the above disorders. Timely treatment of Stevens-Johnson and Lyell's syndromes comprising systemic and topical conservative therapy in combination with surgical procedures during the acute stage plays an important role for the prediction of severe long-term ocular complications. The elimination of ocular complications caused by these syndromes is associated with multistage reconstructive surgery. The authors emphasize that long-term follow-up by ophthalmologist will be required for patients who survived Stevens-Johnson and Lyell's syndromes. Keywords: epidermolytic drug reactions, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, Lyell's syndrome, amniotic membrane transplantation, dry eye syndrome, pseudomembranous blepharoconjunctivitis, multistage reconstructive surgery. For citation: Chernysh V.F., Haritonova N.N., Kulikov A.N. et al. Current surgical treatment options for ocular complications of Stevens- Johnson and Lyell's syndromes. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2023;23(2):99–106 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729- 2023-23-2-99-106.","PeriodicalId":36455,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83770680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy of sinustrabeculectomy in the modern clinical practice","authors":"A. V. Antonova, V. Nikolaenko, V. V. Brzhesky, A. Vuks","doi":"10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-1-21-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-1-21-26","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: to assess the hypotensive effect of sinustrabeculectomy (STE) carried out within the \"cascade\" treatment algorithm for glaucoma. Patients and Methods: this open prospective interventional single-center cohort study was performed in 443 consequently included patients who underwent surgery for primary open-angle non-compensated glaucoma (POAG) and then were under follow-up for 6–24 months. The STE outcomes were evaluated using commonly accepted criteria of \"complete success\" and \"qualified success\", as well as \"qualified failure\" and \"complete failure\". The analysis of postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) changes over time was performed using statistical methods. Results: the \"complete success\" of surgical operation achieved in 305 (68.9%) cases was associated with a significant and long-lasting decrease (at least for two years) in IOP values. The \"qualified success\", assuming that the renewal of medication therapy was an essential condition for maintaining a steady IOP was reported in 118 (26.6%) cases. Thus, the surgical treatment in combination with the postoperative hypotensive therapy helped to normalize IOP for at least two years in 423 (95.5%) patients of the study group. The \"complete\" STE failure due to the loss of filtration and the onset of indications for repeat surgery was reported in 20 (4.5%) cases. The triple combination treatment of glaucoma does not preclude from initiating further surgical IOP normalization and can be used safely prior to planned STE. A statistically significant IOP decrease from the baseline was achieved in all patients (even in the \"complete failure\" cases) at all 3 endpoints of the study (at 6, 12 and 24 months). The most pronounced and stable decrease in IOP during a two-year follow-up was associated with the \"complete success\" STE. Conclusion: a statistically significant IOP decrease from the baseline was achieved in all patients even after the \"complete failure\" of the surgical treatment at all endpoints of the study. The most pronounced and stable decrease in IOP during a two-year follow-up was associated with the \"complete success\" STE. The preoperative IOP level did not correlate with the results of STE and cannot be considered as a factor predicting its success or failure. Keywords: glaucoma, sinustrabeculectomy , intraocular pressure, glaucoma surgery, cascade algorithm, complete success, qualified success, complete failure. For citation: Antonova A.V., Nikolaenko V.P., Brzhesky V.V., Vuks A.Ya. The efficacy of sinustrabeculectomy in the modern clinical practice. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2023;23(1):21–26 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-1-21-26.","PeriodicalId":36455,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88203521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of transpupillary hexagonal pattern laser coagulation of the retina in the treatment of active stages of retinopathy of prematurity","authors":"A. V. Tereshchenko, I. G. Trifanenkova, Y. Sidorova, V. Firsova","doi":"10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-1-39-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-1-39-46","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: to evaluate the efficacy of transpupillary hexagonal pattern laser coagulation of the retina (LCR) in the treatment of active stages of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Patients and Methods: from 2017-2020, transpupillary LCR was performed for 161 infants (161 eyes) with an unfavorable course of ROP, active stages 2 and 3. All infants were divided into the study and control groups. Patients of both groups received laser treatment with the Integre Pro Scan 561 nm pattern system (Ellex, Australia). In the control group (n=83), LCR was performed with the chosen square matrix patterns 3×3 (totally 9 applications). In the study group (n=78), the \"honeycomb\" LCR was performed using a hexagonal pattern (totally 7 applications). Coagulation parameters in the study and control groups differed only in the interval between laser applications. The inter-spot distance was increased by 0.25 of the coagulum diameter in the study group as compared to the control group. The treatment efficacy was evaluated by changes in the clinical manifestations (flattening, decrease and disappearance of the extraretinal proliferation (ERP) ridge and demarcation ridge) and morphometric indicators (reduction in retinal thickness in the macular region) 3–4 weeks following LCR. Results: the efficacy of the hexagonal pattern LCR technique is comparable to that of the square pattern LCR: in both groups it was effective in 100% of patients with ROP stage 2 and 96% of patients with ROP stage 3. In patients treated with the hexagonal pattern LCR, the total number of coagulates, number of single coagulates, total energy load and the total treatment time were less than those in patients for whom the square matrix patterns were used. The hexagonal pattern shape is convenient for performing treatment close to the extraretinal proliferation ridge, as a topographically oriented LСR session can be performed on a case-by-case basis, considering individual characteristics of the pathological process location. The technique was optimal for treating the spherical retinal surface of a premature baby and provided an accurate and intuitive \"docking\" of every next pattern to the previous one. Conclusion: the hexagonal pattern LCR is a tissue-saving, dosed and high-precision technique which enables to achieve an adequate clinical effect minimizing the energy load on the retina of a premature baby. Keywords: active stages of retinopathy of prematurity, transpupillary pattern laser coagulation of the retina, hexagonal pattern, \"honeycomb\" pattern, matrix pattern, extraretinal proliferation (ERP) ridge. For citation: Tereshchenko A.V., Trifanenkova I.G., Sidorova Yu.A., Firsova V.V. Evaluation of the efficacy of transpupillary hexagonal pattern laser coagulation of the retina in the treatment of active stages of retinopathy of prematurity. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2023;23(1):39–46 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-1-39-46","PeriodicalId":36455,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91370389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dry eye syndrome before corneal refractive surgery: the prevalence and pathogenesis-oriented therapy","authors":"N. V. Maychuk, I. S. Malyshev, M. Obraztsova","doi":"10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-1-14-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-1-14-20","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: to assess the ocular surface in patients who were planned to undergo corneal refractive surgery (CRS), using latest diagnostic tools, and to develop a differentiated approach to the preoperative preparation of the patients with confirmed dry eye disease (DED). Patients and Methods: the study included 298 patients (298 eyes), aged 18 to 36 years, with diagnosed mild and moderate myopia, who had binocular type of vision and average keratometry readings 43.0-20.0 D. The patients were planned to undergo CRS. A standardized preoperative diagnostic examination was performed in all patients according to the protocol of refraction eye testing. The diagnostic system manufactured by MediWorks (China) was used to evaluate the ocular surface and conjunctival mucous membranes. Results: based on the results of the objective methods of examination 112 (37.6%) cases of DED were detected, including 101 (33.9%) cases of evaporative and 11 (3,7%) cases of hyposecretory forms. In addition, Schirmer-1 test was performed in patients with hyposecretory DED which showed a significantly reduced aqueous tear production. Patients with DED were advised to discontinue wearing contact lenses and to use tear substitutes containing high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid and sodium hyaluronate in a relatively low concentration (0.15%). Also, a 0.01% solution of sulfated glycosaminoglycanes was administered to the patients. To relieve the sterile inflammatory response, the patients received a course of steroids as anti-inflammatory agents followed by cyclosporin A. An eye gel was recommended for the long- lasting overnight hydration of the corneal epithelium and its faster renewal. As a result of the positive response to the treatment, after 6–8 months of therapy it was possible to perform surgical correction in 6 (54.5%) of 11 patients of this group. In post-operative period the patients demonstrated good clinical and functional outcomes and did not report any worsening of DED clinical signs. In 89 (88.1%) of 101 patients with evaporative DED the combination therapy consisting of the eyelid self-massage and two-phase cationic emulsion (oil-water), a mimic of tear film lipid layer, which contained the positively charged nanodrops of mineral oils dispersed in water, helped to normalize the ocular surface and tear production parameters, and thus enabled to perform CRS. Conclusion: in the group of examined patients, DED was found in 37.6% of cases, and the prevalence of evaporative form was almost 10-fold higher than that of secretory form. The occurrence of two DED forms dictates a need for the differentiated approach to diagnostics and treatment. In contrast to hyposecretory form, a clear trend to the regression of symptoms was demonstrated for evaporative form of DED, when patients received pathogenesis-oriented therapy. Thus, patients with evaporative DED clinical pattern are more likely to become candidates for CRS than those with tear hyposecretion. Keywords: dry eye syndr","PeriodicalId":36455,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84219413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cutaneous amyloidosis in the orbital region (case report)","authors":"A. N. Bochkareva, V. Egorov, O. V. Kolenko, G. P. Smolyakova, P. Banshchikov","doi":"10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-2-94-98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-2-94-98","url":null,"abstract":"Amyloidosis is an extracellular mesenchymal dysproteinosis characterized by deposition of amyloid in tissues, parenchymal atrophy and functional organ failure leading to fatal outcomes. A significant problem of this disease for a doctor of any specialty remains a long period of establishing a clinical diagnosis. Insufficient awareness of the disease, due, among other things, to the extremely low incidence of patients with amyloidosis — today about 50 thousand people suffer from amyloidosis in the world. The article presents a clinical case of the early stage of primary systemic AL-amyloidosis affecting the eyelid skin bilaterally with further disease progression involving the skin of palms, soles and the oral mucosa. Among the types of amyloidosis described so far, the ocular adnexal involvement is an extremely rare finding which has such manifestations as periorbital cutaneous purpura and ecchymoses — “racoon eyes.” Timely diagnosis, the selection of individualized treatment strategies and the administration of chemotherapy would ensure clinical and hematological remission of amyloidosis, halt the disease progression, and thus reduce the probability of adverse outcome. The described clinical case has demonstrated that diagnosis of amyloidosis can be challenging, and that the disease has diverse and non-specific clinical manifestations. Keywords: amyloidosis, periorbital purpura, cutaneous ecchymoses, racoon, eyes, orbital amyloidosis, ocular adnexal amyloidosis, chemotherapy. For citation: Bochkareva A.N., Egorov V.V., Kolenko O.V. et al. Cutaneous amyloidosis in the orbital region (case report). Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2023;23(2):94–98 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-2-94-98.","PeriodicalId":36455,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88976882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role and mechanisms of intraocular infusion during microinvasive guillotine and ultrasonic vitrectomy","authors":"B. Aznabaev, T. R. Mukhamadeev, T. I. Dibaev, T. Ismagilov","doi":"10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-1-66-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-1-66-70","url":null,"abstract":"Maintaining tone of the eyeball and stable intraocular pressure (IOP) during vitrectomy is an important issue associated with the safety of intraocular structures. As the vitreous body is removed, it is gradually replaced with a balanced salt solution, which leads to a decrease in viscosity of the vitreous chamber content and may contribute to changes of the hydrodynamic parameters during surgical procedures. Thus, it is necessary to ensure controlled operation and coordination of the infusion and aspiration modules used in the microsurgical system. Commonly, the imbalance between the aqueous humor inflow and outflow during vitrectomy may cause either a decrease or increase in IOP. The gravity infusion surgical systems cannot compensate for sudden changes in the hydrodynamic parameters during eye surgery, and, as a result, significant fluctuations in IOP may occur. Thus, it is important to develop algorithms for forced infusion that will ensure a more precise control of the infusion flow. The review describes various forced infusion mechanisms and key approaches to their use, as well as their effectiveness and safety patterns, highlighted in the experimental and clinical studies. Keywords: vitrectomy, intraocular pressure, hydrodynamic balance, forced infusion, microsurgical systems, ultrasonic vitrectomy. For citation: Aznabaev B.M., Mukhamadeev T.R., Dibaev T.I., Ismagilov T.N. The role and mechanisms of intraocular infusion during microin- vasive guillotine and ultrasonic vitrectomy. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2023;23(1):66–70 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311- 7729-2023-23-1-66-70.","PeriodicalId":36455,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73025619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical and functional efficacy of radial scleral buckling and combined laser and surgical intervention for local macula-on retinal detachment","authors":"M. Taevere, L. Kryl, A. V. Doga, D. Shkvorchenko","doi":"10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-3-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-3-2","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: to compare anatomical and functional outcomes of scleral buckling (SB) and combined laser and surgical intervention for focal macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Patients and Methods: surgical outcomes of 84 patients (84 eyes) with focal RRD were analyzed. The study group included 43 patients (43 eyes) who underwent combined laser and surgical treatment for RRD that involved Nd:YAG laser excision of vitreoretinal adhesions followed by pneumoretinopexy and barrier laser photocoagulation. The control group that included 41 patients (41 eyes) was a retrospective sample of patients who underwent radial SB as described. Anatomical (the number of patients with attached retinal after a single surgical intervention and recurrence rate after surgery) and functional efficacy of the surgery were compared over a 2-year follow-up. Results: complete retinal reattachment was reported in 40 patients (93%) in the study group and 39 patients (95.1%) in the control group. Recurrent RD occurred in 3 patients (7.5%) in the study group and 4 patients (9.7%) in the control group over a 2-year follow-up. After 2 years, the final anatomical efficacy was 86% in the study group and 85% in the control group. Notably, no recurrent RD at the site of surgery was reported in the study group. Meanwhile, recurrent RD in the area of the primary retinal tear was reported in 1 patient in the control group. When comparing functional outcomes between the groups, a significant decrease in BCVA accounted for by an increase in astigmatism and spherical equivalent was reported after SB. Conclusions: the combined laser and surgical treatment is not inferior to SB in terms of anatomical efficacy and significantly superior to SB in terms of functional efficacy due to no changes in refractive indices after surgery. KEYWORDS: rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, optical coherence tomography, YAG laser retinotomy, vitreoretinal traction, treatment, recurrence. FOR CITATION: Taevere M.R., Kryl L.A.', Doga A.V., Shkvorchenko D.O. Anatomical and functional efficacy of radial scleral buckling and combined laser and surgical intervention for local macula-on retinal detachment. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2023;23(3):119– 123 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-3-2.","PeriodicalId":36455,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75261419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making a diagnosis of glaucoma at the present time","authors":"A. Movsisyan, A. Kuroyedov","doi":"10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-1-47-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-1-47-53","url":null,"abstract":"Thus far, practicing physicians perform glaucoma screening based on Graefe’s triad of symptoms. Considering the predicted increase in glaucoma incidence and the current trend in diagnosis verification at the time when patients already demonstrate significant changes in visual function, the issue on the need to revise these \"markers\" is raised. Summarizing the available modern diagnostic capabilities for glaucoma screening, it is fair to say that nowadays none of the diagnostic methods can \"work alone\". Only monitoring of glaucoma patients will help to determine accurately the presence or absence of glaucoma changes. Thus, the current standard for glaucoma detection includes several diagnostic methods. To receive reliable data on the disease prevalence, its diagnosis should be established in a timely manner. However, there are still difficulties faced in diagnosing glaucoma. This problem can be solved through the improvement of the available diagnostic tools and/or the introduction of novel methods of patient assessment. The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, capable of learning and conducting in-depth analysis, has enabled the development of this approach. At the same time, the question of optimizing its application for practical medicine remains open. Keywords: primary open-angle glaucoma, glaucoma screening, glaucoma diagnosing, neural networks. For citation: Movsisyan A.B., Kuroyedov A.V. Making a diagnosis of glaucoma at the present time. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2023;23(1):47–53 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-1-47-53.","PeriodicalId":36455,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75624325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rate of eye comorbidities in patients with cataracts (results of a population study)","authors":"M. Bikbov, O. I. Orenburkina, T.R. Gilmanshi, A. Babushkin","doi":"10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-3-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-3-6","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: to assess the prevalence and characteristics of various types of cataracts and to analyze most common eye comorbidities from the population study \"Ural Eye and Medical Study\" (UEMS). Patients and Methods: this population study included 5899 individuals (3400 living in the rural area and 2499 living in the city). Eye examinations included uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity measurements, autorefractometry, slit lamp examination, A-scan ultrasound biometry, non-contact tonometry, fundoscopic examination, corneal topography, fundus photography, static perimetry, and optical coherence tomography. Results: cataracts were diagnosed in 2616 patients (44.3%). These patients were more commonly rural residents and women. Nuclear cataracts (n=1575, 60.2%) were detected 1.5 times more often than cortical cataracts (n=1041, 39.8%). Eye comorbidities were diagnosed in 975 patients (37.3%). The most common eye comorbidities were retinal diseases. Among them, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) ranked first (13.46%). Glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON)/glaucoma) and myopic macular degeneration/myopia were also common (6.77% and 4.93%, respectively). Diabetic retinopathy (DR) was reported less common (2.26%). The rate of eye comorbidities in patients was 43.6% in cortical cataracts and 33.1% in nuclear cataracts. As to individual conditions, the greatest difference was reported for AMD rate (19.12%) and macular hole/MH (1.8%), which were diagnosed twice more often in cortical cataracts (p<0.05) than in nuclear cataracts (9.71% and 0.8%, respectively). Conclusion: the structure of eye comorbidities in patients with nuclear and cortical cataracts was almost similar to that in patients with cataracts overall. However, the rate of eye comorbidities in patients with cortical cataracts was significantly higher than in patients with nuclear cataracts. This particularly applies to AMD and MH. In general, the rate of AMD, GON, DR, and MH in patients with complicated cataracts increases with age. These diseases were most often diagnosed in women and urban residents, except for AMD (more patients with AMD live in rural areas). KEYWORDS: cataract, nuclear, cortical, eye comorbidities, population study. FOR CITATION: Bikbov M.M., Orenburkina O.I., Gilmanshin T.R., Babushkin A.E. The rate of eye comorbidities in patients with cataracts (results of a population study). Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2023;23(3):146–151 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-3-6","PeriodicalId":36455,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84913255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and genetic characteristics of a total or partial congenital aniridia","authors":"N. V. Sukhanova, V. Kadyshev, T. A. Vasilieva, A. Marakhonov, L. Katargina, S. Kutsev, R. Zinchenko","doi":"10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-1-2-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-1-2-8","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: to assess clinical and genetic correlations between the specific clinical manifestations of congenital aniridia (CA) and the spectrum of mutations in the PAX6 gene (including chromosomal deletions involving the entire PAX6 gene or its regions). Patients and Methods: the study included 83 patients from 76 unrelated families with clinical patterns of congenital aniridia. The mean age of patients was 11.5±10.3 years. All patients underwent a comprehensive eye exam, molecular and genetic testing, as well as specialist consultation. To find a genetic cause of CA, the analysis of minor mutations in the PAX6 gene was performed by Sanger sequencing in order to determine the nucleotide sequence of 13 exons and adjacent intronic regions. Also, the number of gene copies of a chromosomal region 11p13 was evaluated by using multiplex reaction of Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) assay. In those cases where a chromosomal deletion involving the WT1 gene was detected, a target fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with a locus-specific DNA- probe for the WT1 gene was carried out to prove the MLPA results. The functional in vitro analysis of the impact of intronic nucleotide sequence variants was performed in the laboratory of functional genomics of the Research Center for Medical Genetics (RCMG) using the original technique. Results: the most common features associated with CA included foveal hypoplasia, nystagmus, disorders of the eye lens, and limbal stem cells deficiency (LSCD). These findings were reported in more than 60% of cases. Partial CA was significantly more prevalent in patients with splice- site mutations (p=0.004996) as compared to other mutation types. Optic nerve hypoplasia (p=0.04779), internal strabismus (p=0.010882), aniridia-associated keratopathy co-occurring with LSCD (p=0.013236) were diagnosed more frequently in patients with nonsense mutations. Secondary glaucoma was a more common finding in patients with the deletion of 3'-cis-regulatory region (p=0.020381). Conclusion: the analysis of genotypic and phenotypic correlations has revealed statistical regularities which may underpin the relationship between the clinical pattern of CA and the types of mutations. Keywords: congenital aniridia, foveal hypoplasia, PAX6, mutations, features of the clinical picture, geno-phenotypic correlations. For citation: Sukhanova N.V., Kadyshev V.V., Vasilieva T.A. et al. Clinical and genetic characteristics of a total or partial congenital aniridia. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2023;23(1):2–8 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-1-2-8.","PeriodicalId":36455,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90803413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}