Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine最新文献_第7页

Asian crocodile poaching: A review of molecular techniques developed for forensic identification 亚洲鳄鱼偷猎:用于法医鉴定的分子技术综述

Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_49_21

Ishani Mitra, Soma Roy, I. Haque

{"title":"Asian crocodile poaching: A review of molecular techniques developed for forensic identification","authors":"Ishani Mitra, Soma Roy, I. Haque","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_49_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_49_21","url":null,"abstract":"Crocodiles, gharials and alligators (order Crocodilia), are aquatic reptiles that live in the tropics of Asia, America, Africa, and Australia. Asian countries such as India, Indonesia, Malaysia, and tropics of Australia are the stronghold of the family Crocodylidae. Among all 23 crocodile species, nine species occur in Asia and its surroundings, including the only member of Gavialidae and Alligatoridae family. They are “mugger” or “Crocodylus palustris,” “saltwater crocodile” or “Crocodylus porosus,” “Philippine crocodile” or “Crocodylus mindorensis,” “New Guinea crocodile” or “Crocodylus novaeguineae,” “Siamese crocodile” or “Crocodylus siamensis,” “gharials” or “Gavialis gangeticus,” “false gharial” or “Tomistoma schlegelii,” and “Chinese alligator” or “Alligator sinensis.” All of these species have been encompassed in “Appendix I” and “Appendix II” of the “Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora,” which prevents any kind of trade involving crocodilian species. However, it has been observed that these crocodiles are illegally poached and trafficked for their lucrative skin, meats, eggs, snouts, and bones in medicinal and cosmetic industries. Although many molecular biologists have come forward for the conservation of these species, lack of knowledge about the available, fast, and dependable techniques makes it difficult for forensic identification of seized or confiscated. It has been a major problem for the implementation of the “Wildlife Protection Law” on illegal trade. This article focuses on molecular techniques developed till date for the rapid and reliable species identification and conservation study of them.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"57 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41544777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Road traffic accident fatalities and its association with key sociodemographic determinants in Nashik, Maharashtra: A recurring challenge 马哈拉施特拉邦纳西克的道路交通事故死亡率及其与主要社会人口决定因素的关系:一个反复出现的挑战

Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_84_21

T. Chhetri, S. Ahmed

{"title":"Road traffic accident fatalities and its association with key sociodemographic determinants in Nashik, Maharashtra: A recurring challenge","authors":"T. Chhetri, S. Ahmed","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_84_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_84_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Road traffic accidents are not a new phenomenon, rather it's a disturbing occurrence which shows no sign of abating very soon. Rather, it remains one of those public health issues which even the most educated and civilized populations tend to ignore, primarily for the thrill of it. This study aims to identify the outcome associated with vehicular accidents and its association with socio-demographic factors. Method: This is a retrospective, record-based study of victims of road traffic accidents admitted in a tertiary care hospital in Nashik, Maharashtra. The data would include records from the 2018 to 2019. The variables will include the socio-demographic factors, site of injuries and its severity. A descriptive analysis would be done by SPSS software to find out the prevalence of vehicular accidents, association of site of injury with age and severity of the trauma. Ethical approval would be taken before the initiation of the study. Result: A total of 486 victims of RTAs were included from the medical records of the casualty of a tertiary care hospital, out of which 330 were from the year 2018 and 156 from 2019. A look at the sociodemographic profiles of the RTA victims showed that females comprised only 19.3% (2018) and 18.6% (2019) of the total victims in road traffic accidents, while majority, 80.6% (2018) and 81.4% (2019) were males during the same period. Overall, we can also observe that both in 2018 (38.5%) and 2019 (50.6%) most of the road traffic accidents among the victims were of moderate grade. Conclusion: The need of the hour is to bring about a change from within through self-reflection of lawmakers, strict implementation of traffic rules and guidelines with hefty fines, lockup, and criminal punishment to habitual wrongdoers.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"52 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42706821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Challenges for expert evidence in the justice system of pakistan 巴基斯坦司法系统专家证据面临的挑战

Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_16_21

N. Rasool, Muzamal Rasool

引用次数: 1

The impact of different stain carriers on the mrna profiling from bloodstains 不同染色载体对血迹mrna谱的影响

Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_36_21

Hemiao Zhao, Qingluan Lin, Qi Zhang, Jing Chen, Z. Tu, Ruiqin Yang, Lan Hu, Chong Wang

引用次数: 0

Study on transfer and persistence of fibers: A systematic review 纤维的转移和持久性研究:系统综述

Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_59_21

M. Mane, G. Devika

引用次数: 0

Evidence for cerebral microvascular injury in head trauma involving infants and young children 婴幼儿头部创伤后脑微血管损伤的证据

Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_41_22

Rudolph Castellani, A. Scholl, Carl J. Schmidt

{"title":"Evidence for cerebral microvascular injury in head trauma involving infants and young children","authors":"Rudolph Castellani, A. Scholl, Carl J. Schmidt","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_41_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_41_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The pathophysiology of lethal head trauma in infants and young children involves repetitive rotational forces of sufficient magnitude to produce subdural hemorrhage and brain swelling, which leads to considerable morbidity and mortality. The precise mechanism for brain swelling is unclear. Materials and Methods: We examined cerebral tissue from ten pediatric deaths due to blunt force trauma, along with seven control infants who asphyxiated in unsafe sleep environments. To assess the competence of the blood–brain barrier, we performed immunohistochemical stains for albumin and immunoglobulin G (IgG). Results: IgG and albumin were increased in subpial and superficial perivascular tissue in those cases due to blunt force trauma, and in particular, the blunt force trauma associated with subdural hematoma. This included two deaths at the scene without hospital survival time. Conclusions: Our findings suggest disruption of the blood–brain barrier with vasogenic edema as an early event in head trauma involving young children upstream of global ischemic brain injury. We hypothesize that mechanical injury to the cortical vasculature results in vasogenic edema by oncotic (increased plasma proteins in the cortical interstitium) and hydrostatic (increased capillary pressure) mechanisms, with subsequent cortical ischemia. This may explain why ischemic sequelae appear to occur in head trauma involving young children, regardless of whether anoxia, hypotension, or cardiac arrest complicate the disease course and may in part underlie the high morbidity and mortality of head trauma in early childhood.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"41 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47349340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA-based identification of some forensically important calliphoridae (diptera) in Luoyang of China 洛阳几种重要双翅目蠓科的线粒体和核dna鉴定

Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_3_21

Meng Yang, Weiping Zhang, Adilai Tuerxun, Yaonan Mo, X. Zhai

{"title":"Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA-based identification of some forensically important calliphoridae (diptera) in Luoyang of China","authors":"Meng Yang, Weiping Zhang, Adilai Tuerxun, Yaonan Mo, X. Zhai","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_3_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_3_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Calliphoridae plays a key role in forensic entomology research, which is one of the first insects to decompose animal carcasses.The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) are among the most widely used molecular markers for insect taxonomic characterization. Aim: The aim of the study was to test the suitability of two genetic markers based on conducting the molecular identification of six necrophagous Calliphorid flies. Materials and Methods: Fourteen Calliphoridae flies were collected and classified with traditional morphological characteristics. The DNA of flies was extracted and the fragments of COI and ITS2 were amplified and sequenced. All the sequences were aligned and analyzed by MEGA 7 software for NCBI BLAST, nucleotide composition, intra- and inter-specific divergence calculation, and phylogenetic tree inference successively. Results: The results indicated that COI and ITS2 genes were robust in the identification of Calliphoridae at the species level and ITS2 gene sequence possessed a strong resolution power as it showed higher variation values between Lucilia sericata and Lucilia cuprina, Calliphora vomitoria and Triceratopyga calliphoroides, C.vomitoria and Aldrichina grahami, but inferior to COI for T. calliphoroides and A. grahami. Conclusions: Our results showed that combination of COI + ITS2 genes yields more accurate identification and diagnoses and better agreement with morphological data than the mitochondrial barcodes alone. As a supplementary method for morphological identification, we advocated for the combination of nuclear and mitochondrial gene approaches to address the taxonomy and phylogeny of forensic relevant flies, especially of closely related species and populations.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"11 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44777893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On the possibilities of using some modern three-dimensional modeling means in forensic examination 浅谈现代三维建模手段在法医鉴定中的应用可能性

Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_57_21

Dmitry Afonin, I. Hora, V. Kolesnyk, I. Popovych, I. Kuchynska

{"title":"On the possibilities of using some modern three-dimensional modeling means in forensic examination","authors":"Dmitry Afonin, I. Hora, V. Kolesnyk, I. Popovych, I. Kuchynska","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_57_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_57_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The paper examines the state and prospects of using 3D modeling in solving identification, classification, diagnostic and situational tasks of forensic examination. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyze the world expert practice of using scientific and technical means of three-dimensional modeling in solving problems of forensic examination, using the example of our country, the leading countries of Europe, as well as the United States. Materials and Methods: The empirical basis of the study is the results of the systematization of scientific and technical means for 3D modeling in solving identification, classification, diagnostic and situational problems of forensic examinations used in the expert practice of Ukraine, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and the USA. Results: The systematization of modern scientific and technical means for 3D modeling, used in solving identification, classification, diagnostic and situational tasks of forensic examination, has been carried out. We analyzed and identified 3D modeling software that most fully meets the requirements of effective forensic expert activities. The features of the use of effective 3D modeling mean for solving identification, classification, diagnostic and situational tasks of forensic examination, namely the software systems “ToolScan” and “TrasoScan”, and the SketchUp program have been disclosed. Conclusion: The introduction of the SketchUp 8 software into forensic expert activities will increase the effectiveness of the modeling method in forensic examinations, which, in turn, will have an impact on the effectiveness of expert conclusions, increase their evidentiary value and, as a result, contribute to the entire process of a criminal investigation.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"17 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47460167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Management of aluminium phosphide poisoning with a holistic approach at NHL municipal medical college and hospital, Ahmedabad 艾哈迈达巴德NHL市立医学院和医院磷化铝中毒的综合管理

Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_52_21

D. More, M. Wankhede, H. Malve

引用次数: 0

Postmortem nasopharyngeal swabs performed during the COVID-19 infection: Analysis of preliminary clinical records by the genoa institute of legal medicine (North-West Italy) 新冠肺炎感染期间进行的尸检鼻咽拭子：热那亚法律医学研究所（意大利西北部）的初步临床记录分析

Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_5_21

M. Drommi, R. Barranco, Arianna Balbo, S. Errico, Francesca Elena Frigiolini, Manuela Mangioni, G. Molinari, Alessandra Zappi, P. Caligiuri, F. Stefano, F. Ventura

{"title":"Postmortem nasopharyngeal swabs performed during the COVID-19 infection: Analysis of preliminary clinical records by the genoa institute of legal medicine (North-West Italy)","authors":"M. Drommi, R. Barranco, Arianna Balbo, S. Errico, Francesca Elena Frigiolini, Manuela Mangioni, G. Molinari, Alessandra Zappi, P. Caligiuri, F. Stefano, F. Ventura","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_5_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_5_21","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is highly contagious. The persistence of the virus after infected individuals die remains unclear. This article reports the findings taken from postmortem nasopharyngeal swabs performed to investigate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the corpses transferred to the Genoa District Mortuary from the outset of the Italian lockdown (March 9) to the end of the first emergency phase (July 13). One hundred and eighty swabs were carried out: 13 corpses resulted positive for the virus, with the diagnosis being reached only after death. Seven were male and 6 female with an average age of 73.5 years old. The most frequent comorbidities recorded were arterial hypertension, diabetes, Alzheimer's, and pulmonary disease. In two cases, the swab tested positive at a distance of 125 h and 165 h from actual death. The nasopharyngeal swab results a useful way to screen corpses for COVID-19 and to handle bodies in Legal Medicine Centers where safe autoptic rooms are not available. Swabs are also a means of safeguarding forensic pathologists, identifying the presence of breeding grounds in the community and providing information for the Public Prosecutor's Office in legal cases. They are able to produce reliable results up to at least 7 days following death, provided that the corpse is correctly preserved.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"24 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44893497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1