Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine最新文献

{"title":"An unusual case of functional neurological disorders and psychogenic coma following physical assault: Clinical and medico-legal considerations","authors":"Fiorella Caputo, R. Barranco, P. Ricci, S. Gratteri, F. Frigiolini, G. Rocca, F. Ventura","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_62_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_62_20","url":null,"abstract":"Functional neurological disorders can have different clinical manifestations, including coma, in the setting of an unknown etiology. In this article, we present a case of a young man affected by intellectual disabilities who, after a physical assault reported serious neurological alterations and a functional coma. This case shows how a stressful psychophysical event can bring acute and variable neurological manifestations of functional significance to a victim with previous intellectual disabilities. Despite the growing interest in this field, research is still very limited and studies in this field could better explain the nature of the psychogenic coma. From a medico-legal point of view, problems of evaluation may emerge for these disorders emerge as a result of acute psycho-physical stress and without any detectable structural alterations.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"36 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45154729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual determination of sex: Estimating cut off value of digital metric traits of foramen magnum on three-dimensional computed tomography with receiver operating characteristic and logistic regression analysis","authors":"H. Agarwal, P. Setia, S. Pandey","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_59_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_59_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Radiological imaging plays a pivotal role in forensic anthropology. As have the imaging techniques advances, so have the digital skeletal measurements inched towards precision. Secular trends of the population keep on changing in modern times. Hence, finding the precise technique of bone measurement, with greater reproducibility, in modern population is always needed in making population specific biological profile. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the accuracy of the foramen magnum measurement, obtained by three dimensional multi-detector computed tomography using volume rendering technique with the cut off value of each variable, in sex determination of an individual. Materials and Methods: Two metric traits, an antero-posterior diameter (APD) and transverse diameter (TD), were measured digitally in an analysis of 130 radiological images having equal proportion of male and female samples. Foramen magnum index and area of foramen magnum (Area by Radinsky's [AR], Area by Teixeira's [AT]) were derived from APD and TD. Results: Descriptive statistical analysis, using unpaired t-test, showed significant higher value in males in all the variables. Using Pearson correlation analysis, maximum correlation was observed between area (AT and AR r = 0.999) and between area and TD (AR r = 0.955 and AT r = 0.945 respectively). When used individually, TD had the highest predictive value (67.7%) for sex determination among all the parameters followed by AT (65.4%) and AR (64.6%). Cutoff value of variables TD,AR and AT were 29.9 mm, 841.80 mm2 and 849.70 mm2 respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve predicted male and female sex with 96.2% and 89.2% accuracy respectively. The overall accuracy of the model was 92.7%. Conclusion: Measurements from 3D CT using volume rendering technique were precise, and the application of logistic regression analysis predicted the sex with more accuracy.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42256160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of computed tomography imaging with traditional autopsy results","authors":"Yang Li, Yang Li, Bin Wu, Bin Wu, Yong Wu, Hongliang Zhu, Jian Wang, Jianjun Li, G. He","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_70_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_70_20","url":null,"abstract":"The role of computed tomography (CT) images in forensic identification has been widely recognized. Such images can provide an important basis for identification of the cause of death in complicated and difficult cases, including falls from a height, drowning, explosion and gunshot cases, traffic accidents, and sudden death. However, few reports have focused on the application of CT images in cases of death caused by sharp object injuries. Therefore, the CT images and autopsy findings were compared in a case of death caused by sharp object injuries to the chest and abdomen, and the importance of CT images in cases of death from common sharp object injuries is herein discussed.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"33 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46331543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric analysis of foramen magnum in the determination of sex using computed tomography","authors":"B. Wani, Nusrat Nazir, R. Sheikh, A. Chalkoo, Tauseefa Jan","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_57_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_57_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: sex identification by morphological assessment of various bones of the skeleton had been one of the oldest approaches in forensic anthropology and medico-legal cases. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study was to make the morphometric measurements of the foramen magnum in determining the feasibility of sex determination using computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods: The data for our study was obtained from 100 patients having CT scan of the head and neck region (Siemens Somatom 256 slice CT scanner) with 1mm contiguous axial scans using bone window settings (2000 HU with 400 HU in centre), scan time of one second and exposure parameters 140 kVp and 70mA. The different measurements taken include the antero-posterior (AP) diameter, transverse diameter and area of the foramen magnum. Results: There were 50 males and 50 females with the age range of 18 to 75 years. Males have a higher average value than females in all of the parameters measured on foramen magnum. By using Student's T-test, all the measured parameters showed significant difference between the sexes (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The expression of sexual dimorphism in the foramen magnum region shows significant difference between the sexes, therefore this area of the skull should be considered a useful area in the identification of sex.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"9 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43908181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of virtopsy in forensic pathology","authors":"Wang Yucong, Zhu Haibiao, L. Ran, Zhang Haidong, Zhao Dong, Wang Xu, Yang Tiantong","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_67_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_67_20","url":null,"abstract":"Virtopsy employs computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, which are commonly used in clinical medicine, to determine the cause and manner of death. Virtopsy is a multidisciplinary technique that combines forensic medicine, pathology, radiology, computer graphics, biomechanics, and physics. Virtopsy is rapidly gaining importance in forensic science and has been extensively studied in several areas of forensic pathology. In this study, we reviewed domestic and international research on causes of death, traffic injuries, medical disputes, gunshot trauma, postmortem changes, and inference of time of death to discuss with colleagues the role of virtopsy in forensic pathology.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"14 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42886937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of virtopsy in the police activities in China","authors":"L. Tang, Zhe Liu, Y. Xue, Leilei Zhang, Dongdong Zhao, Lijiang Diao, Yigang Zhang, Faming Teng, P. Zhao","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_68_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_68_20","url":null,"abstract":"This review summarizes the mode of application of virtual anatomy technology in the construction of a police system. Local public security organizations have explored the application modes of virtual anatomy construction, such as the multiparty co-construction mode, cooperation mode, and individual construction mode, and reviewed (1) the understanding of public security and application process of virtual anatomy; (2) the problems faced in the construction and application processes, such as those associated with support of human resources, equipment supplies and financial expenditure, the limitations of the technology itself, legal issues with application, shrinkage of the identification business, and appraiser-related problems; and (3) the prospect of application of virtopsy in public security systems.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"24 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44664450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on a virtual simulation experiment with DNA in a biological evidence technology course during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Zhenjun Jia, G. Chunfang, Dai Peng, Liu Zhuo, Qian Zunlei, Yao Weixuan","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_69_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_69_20","url":null,"abstract":"Biological evidence technology plays an important role in the field of crime scene investigation. DNA technology is known as one of the important ways to make a breakthrough in the resolution of a criminal case. Nonetheless, there are some problems in on-site experiment-based teaching during the COVID-2019 pandemic, which limits the students' incentives to acquire knowledge about DNA. Under these conditions, the goals and requirements of the Biological Evidence Technology course cannot be achieved. A virtual simulation experiment can solve these problems online. The students can gain a deeper understanding of the process and method of human DNA extraction and identification, and thus, the impact of experiment-based teaching improves. In this paper, we discuss the contents of DNA experiments, specifications of the simulation system, system requirements, the implementation process, and other parameters of the design. We investigated the early teaching effect. A virtual simulation experiment with DNA can overcome the limitations of devices (and other equipment) and spatial and temporal limitations during the COVID-2019 pandemic. Students can participate in the whole process of experiment-based teaching. Teaching mode “Internet + laboratory” increases the open access and sharing of experiment-based teaching resources.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"140 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41397559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of pedestrian–train fatalities in the State of Maryland: A 5-year retrospective study","authors":"Elvira Carias, Claire Hammerschmidt, T. Hall, Xiang Zhang, Rebecca Phipps, Ling Li","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_75_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_75_20","url":null,"abstract":"Few studies have been done on the incidences of train-related pedestrian fatalities throughout the United States, with no previous studies reported in the State of Maryland. A retrospective study was conducted at the statewide medical examiner's office in Maryland to evaluate the characteristics of train-related pedestrian fatalities from 2014 to 2018. The aim of the study was to analyze circumstances of deaths through the medicolegal death investigation and postmortem examination findings, including toxicological study, to help identify epidemiological characteristics of pedestrian–train-related fatalities. A total of 48 pedestrian-train deaths were identified. Of the 48 cases identified, 21 deaths (43.75%) were determined to be accident, 20 deaths (41.67%) were suicide, and 7 deaths (14.58%) whose manner of death could not be determined. Of the 21 accidental victims, 17 were male and 4 were female (M:F ratio = 4.3:1), 11 (52.38%) were white, 6 (28.57%) African American, and 4 Hispanic (19.05%), with age ranging from 16 to 58 years (mean age = 35). Of the 20 suicide victims, 17 were males and 3 females (M:F ratio = 5.7:1), 16 (80%) were white, 2 (10%) African American, and 2 (10%) Hispanic, with age ranging from 22 to 60 years (mean age = 40). The majority of accidents occurred during weekday evening rush hours between 4:00 pm and 7:00 pm, while the suicides showed no specific time frames. No specific peak for seasons of year was found in suicides or accidents. Postmortem toxicological studies showed that 52.38% (11/21 cases) of accidental victims were positive for alcohol and 30% (6/20 cases) of suicide victims were positive for alcohol. Manner of death could not be determined in 7 cases because of unclear circumstances of death. Thorough death scene investigation and complete postmortem examination, including comprehensive toxicological testing, is very important in all train-related pedestrian fatalities. Determining the manner of death can directly affect the outcome of civil ligation and dispersal of insurance benefits. The characteristic profiles of train-related pedestrian fatalities can also assist effective preventive measures on railway suicides and accidents.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"135 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47366528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expediting the development of virtopsy identification technology in forensic medicine in China","authors":"L. Xin, Zheng Xiechang","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_74_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_74_20","url":null,"abstract":"Virtopsy technology is noninvasive, noncontact, and can find potential lesions. For these reasons, it has broad application prospects in forensic pathology and forensic clinical science. The present article reviews the brief history of virtopsy development, introduces the application of virtopsy in various fields of forensic medicine, summarizes the current situation regarding virtopsy in China, and puts forward suggestions for strengthening planning, setting standards, strengthening assistance, and promoting scientific research.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"144 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43772670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A preliminary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics study of rats ingested diazepam or clonazepam","authors":"S. Fang, Jianxia Chen, X. Dai, Yuzi Zheng, Hao Wu, Yingqiang Fu, Jian Li, Y. Ye, Linchuan Liao","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_29_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_29_20","url":null,"abstract":"Drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) is a sexual act in which the victim is unable to give or rescind consent due to alcohol or drug intoxication, which involved the abuse of benzodiazepines around the world. Conventional techniques used for the analysis of benzodiazepines have the limitation of short detection time window due to the rapid metabolism of these drugs in body. This study aimed to investigate the characteristic changes of metabolites in the blood of rats after ingesting diazepam/clonazepam through a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics method, allowing the indirect reveal of the rats ingested diazepam/clonazepam. First, we found that diazepam and clonazepam in the blood of rats could not be detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after 48 h of ingestion. Then, orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis regression models were, respectively, constructed to determine whether the rats ingested diazepam/clonazepam after 48 h. The results showed that 5 metabolites were found to be associated with diazepam exposure, and 7 metabolites were found to be associated with clonazepam exposure, which may be characterization for the evaluation of digestion of diazepam and clonazepam in rat.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"117 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43347908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}