Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Estimation of postmortem interval by postmortem myocardial computed tomography value","authors":"Zhiyuan An, H. He, Qing Niu, Haibiao Zhu, Yucong Wang, Ran Liu, Weiliang Hou, Peng Tang, Tiantong Yang, Dong Zhao","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_40_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_40_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The estimation of postmortem interval (PMI) is one of the most important topics in forensic medicine research. We speculate that with an increased PMI, the computed tomography (CT) values of different tissues may show regular changes. Purpose: To use postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) to measure the myocardial CT value (unit: Hounsfield Unit, HU) of the heart to explore its pattern in postmortem change, and to discuss whether it can serve as a new parameter for PMI estimation. Methods: A total of 10 healthy adult New Zealand rabbits were selected and then put into a 20°C incubator after being sacrificed. Within 0–156 h after death, CT scans were performed every 12 h to detect changes in the myocardial CT value of the heart over time. Regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the myocardial CT value of the heart and PMI. At the same time, HE and Masson were used to stain the cardiac tissue sections detected by PMCT at 0h, 48h and 156h, respectively. Results: During 0–156 h, the overall myocardial CT value showed a trend of first rising and then decreasing with the increase of PMI. The fitting regression equation was y = −2873.193 + 143.866x − 1.728x2 (x: myocardial CT value, unit: Hu; y: PMI, unit: h, R2 = 0.466, P < 0.05). During 48–156 h, the overall myocardial CT value decreased gradually with the increase of PMI. The fitting regression equation was y = −93.038 + 18.700x − 0.321x2 (x: myocardial CT value, unit: Hu; y: PMI, unit: h, R2 = 0.963, P < 0.001). The results of the morphological changes of the myocardial tissue structure after death showed that the myocardial cell structure was relatively complete at 0−48 hours after death; and the myocardial cell structure disappeared at 156 hours after death. Conclusions: Our results revealed evident postmortem changes in the myocardial CT value of the heart. Accordingly, measuring the myocardial CT value through PMCT shows promise for being used as a parameter for PMI estimation in forensic medicine and is worthy of further studies. The morphological changes of the myocardial tissue structure after death provide morphological basis for postmortem changes of tissue density, and further prove the reasons for the changes of CT value.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"82 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42815285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance of sexual dimorphism of the maxillary sinus and mandibular inter coronoid distance of Vijayawada City population in Andhra Pradesh: An original research","authors":"S. Supraja, A. Anuradha, V. Guduru, M. Kiresur, M. Pasupuleti, P. Vignatha","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_31_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_31_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mass fatality incidents occur due to environmental, medical, vehicle, industrial, or terrorist events that can involve large numbers of victims. Identification of these victims is of utmost importance in these situations. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) may be helpful in some forensic contexts, offering several advantages for postmortem forensic imaging. Aim: The research study aims to evaluate the sexual dimorphism of the maxillary sinus and inter coronoid distance to estimate sex by using CBCT. Materials and Methods: In 40 CBCT scans of 20 males and 20 females, maxillary sinuses height, width and inter coronoid distances of mandible were measured for forensic analysis. In high quality, reconstructed images of bilateral maxillary sinuses, height, and width were measured, and in mandible, inter coronoid was measured in axial view. Results were tabulated and analyzed using an unpaired t-test and discriminant function analysis used to compare differences in the measured parameters between males and females. Results: Mean values of inter coronoid in males and females are (♂ =88.1, ♀ =78.1). The maxillary sinus right side height and width (♂ =32.2, ♀ =24.6) (♂ =19.7, ♀ =19.6) left side height and width (♂ =32.7, ♀ =23.6) (♂ =18.1, ♀ =17.8), respectively. A statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference was found in maxillary sinus and inter coronoid distance between males and females. Results showed significantly larger dimensions of maxillary sinus and inter coronoid distance in males compared to females. The correct predictive accuracy rate of sex determination was 100% in females and 90% in males with overall accuracy of 95%. Conclusion: The present study showed the importance of maxillary sinus dimensions and inter coronoid distance in sex estimation using cone-beam computed tomography in forensic medicine.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"91 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47694094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Difference analysis of accumulated degree-day samples in different regions of China","authors":"Weihao Zhu, X. Zhai, Mengzi Yang, M. Qian, Zhenhui Zhang, Y. Mo","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_4_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_4_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Accumulated degree-days (ADD) refers to the temperature value and time within a certain period. More and more attention has been paid to the ADD in the study of postmortem interval (PMI) estimation. Aim and Objective: This study is to confirm whether ADD is applicable in China. Materials and Methods: We collected meteorological data of 10 different regions in China for 12 months, analyzed the distribution characteristics of ADD in different regions at different time periods, and tested the two ADD calculation methods (accumulated hourly temperature and accumulated daily average temperature), in an attempt to establish a more precise calculation method of ADD. Results: The results show that when the yearly or monthly effective temperature data is taken as the research object, the law of daily ADD mean value gradually decreases from south to north, and the average value of accumulated hourly temperature at each region is larger than the average value of accumulated daily average temperature (the difference was significant). In addition, in different periods of each day, ADD obtained at different regions is different, and the variation of its specific gravity also has a north-south difference. We take the daily average temperature as the independent variable and accumulated hourly temperature as the linear equation fitted by the dependent variable, showing a good linear relationship (0.992 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.999). At the same time, we also identify that extra caution should be exercised when using ADD in some special regions (such as Lhasa) or during the cold season of some regions. It may be unrealistic to attempt divide daily ADD into equal parts and accurately estimate PMI to a certain hour on the day of the crime. However, accurate estimation of PMI can be improved by dividing ADD on the day of the crime according to proportion of different periods and checking the time period of the final ADD value. Conclusion: At present, the study results on ADD need to be further developed. our study provides a preliminary research basis for the future establishment of an unified, simple, accurate, and suitable for the ADD model in China.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"75 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43655616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in forensic odontology: An overview","authors":"P. Menon, N. Kumar","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_41_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_41_20","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic odontology is a branch of forensic sciences that uses the skill of a dentist in personal identification during mass calamities, sexual assault, and child abuse to name a few. Forensic odontology is an evolving science and has a greater scope of development. Recent advances in the field of genetics and molecular biology have contributed to the rapid growth of forensic odontology. In case of a crime scene, forensic odontologists play a major role in investigating and interpreting dental evidence. Forensic odontologists utilize the knowledge of dentistry in bite mark analysis, fixation of identity in mass disasters, and age estimation. Thus, the duty and responsibility of forensic odontologists has increased in recent years. Therefore, practicing dentists and dental students should be made aware of the available newer technologies and its use in forensic dentistry. This article gives an overview of recent advances used in identification in forensic dentistry.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"105 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44315126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amendments to the abortion law in India: Is it progressive enough?","authors":"S. Rani","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_24_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_24_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"109 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41523682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of intraoral three-dimensional images for the identification of dental morphological traits related to ancestry estimation","authors":"Elodine Santo, T. Pinho, Alexandra Teixeira, D. Pérez-Mongiovi","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_21_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_21_21","url":null,"abstract":"Victim identification through dental features is one of the main objectives of forensic dentistry. In circumstances where information regarding antemortem dental records is missing, reconstruction of a biological profile can be useful as a first step toward personal identification. This reconstructive method provides valuable information, namely regarding the individual's ancestry, through the detection and degree of expression of dental morphological traits, which may help to restrict the number of candidates for identification. Technological advances allowed the development of alternative methods for dental evaluation, that complement or substitute those already in use in clinical practice. Among these, intraoral three-dimensional (3D) images are increasingly used in dentistry, as they have a high level of accuracy and are easy to obtain and store. However, a fundamental question regarding forensic dentistry is whether they allow recognition and analysis of dental morphological traits in detail, namely those related to ancestry. In this study, we evaluated 20 teeth morphological features using intraoral 3D imaging from 77 individuals from Northern Portugal. Our results showed that it was possible to identify and classify a large part of the main morphological traits used in the estimation of ancestry. As these 3D images present sufficient morphological detail to be classified, we believe that future applications of this technique can be expected in forensic dentistry.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"70 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41563148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of finger and toe prints and their corresponding correlations in the anioma people of Nigeria","authors":"B. Ominde, E. Jaiyeoba-Ojigho, P. Igbigbi","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_48_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_48_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A comparison of the finger and toe ridge patterns can reveal their genetic interdependence. This cross-sectional study aimed at analyzing and correlating the corresponding finger and toe ridge counts. Materials and Methods: The hands and feet of 100 subjects (50 males and 50 females) from the Anioma tribe of Nigeria were scanned with Hewlett placard G4010 photo scanner following ethical approval. Evaluation of the finger and toe prints was carried out using AutoCAD version 2010. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package of the Social Sciences version 23 and presented using descriptive statistics. Chi-square test was used to test for association between nonparametric variables while Pearson's correlation was used to assess for the relationship between corresponding finger and toe ridge counts. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The predominant finger and toe ridge patterns were loops (73%, 79.7%) followed by arches (18.4%, 15.1%) and finally whorls (8.6%, 5.2%). There was a significant association between gender and the combined print patterns of all the five digits on a limb (P ≤ 0.05). A significant positive correlation existed between the mean ridge counts of some of the corresponding fingers and toes in females. This correlation was weak in the corresponding 1st right and 1st and 3rd left digits (0 < r < 0.5) (P ≤ 0.05) and strong in the corresponding 3rd to 5th right digits and 2nd, 4th, and 5th left digits (0.5 ≤ r < 1) (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: The study has clearly shown that sexual dimorphism is displayed only by a combination of the print patterns in all digits of a limb as against individual digits. Using correlation of digital mean ridge counts, the right 3rd to 5th and the left 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits from either the hand or the foot in females can be used to predict the corresponding digit among the Anioma people of Nigeria, hence their importance in forensic sciences.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"39 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45925794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of half-sisters from different mothers by autosomal and X chromosomal short tandem repeats: A case study","authors":"Jinpei Zhang, Shicheng Hao, Yan Liu, Li Yuan","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_30_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_30_21","url":null,"abstract":"Complex kinship identification such as half-sibling identification is a difficult task in forensic biology Here we represented an approach in dealing with half-sisters from different mothers, with the combination of autosomal and X chromosomal short-tandem repeats (STRs) data. X chromosomal STRs can offer additional information, especially in some cases where autosomal STRs alone may not provide enough information for an accurate opinion. In this case, half-sister or unrelated relationship between two women (S1 and S2) with different mothers were distinguished. 23 autosomal and 31 X chromosomal STRs of S1, S2, S1's mother (M1), S2's mother (M2) and S1's grandmother (G1) were profiled with three different commercial kits. As to X-chromosome STRs, likelihood ratios (LRs) were calculated by FamLinkX with consideration of linkage, linkage disequilibrium, and mutations. When only the profiles of the two individuals (S1 and S2) were available, LRs between S1 and S2 were 1.1110 × 102 based on 23 autosomal STRs and 3.2257 om107 based on 31 X chromosomal STRs. When the maternal genotypes were taken into consideration, LRs increased to 2.5297 × 103 and 3.0563 × 1018. Therefore, both the DNA profiles of each mothers and X chromosomal STRs are important in dealing with the identification of half-sisters from different mothers.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"66 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47980952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic examination of abusive head trauma in child abuse cases","authors":"Dong Zhao, Z. Cao, Qi Wang","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_44_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_44_21","url":null,"abstract":"Abusive head trauma (AHT) in child abuse cases is rarely encountered in the practice of forensic examination in China, and such cases are rarely reported. The authors reviewed a large number of relevant domestic and foreign studies to differentiate between the definitions of AHT and shaken baby syndrome; determine the relationship between the two; and discuss their epidemiology, mechanism, and symptoms. In addition, the main points in forensic examination and strategies for preventing AHT are also summarized to help forensic workers and clinicians identify and prevent such injuries.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"47 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48536616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An emergence of dental tissues in the forensic medicine for the postmortem interval estimation: A scoping review","authors":"S. Ugrappa, Ajay Jain","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_20_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_20_20","url":null,"abstract":"It is observed that there is not enough literature to support the usefulness of dental tissue in forensic medicine for the estimation of postmortem interval (PMI). Therefore, the authors of this article have systematically reviewed the available literature to understand the most used dental tissues, the methods employed to evaluate these tissues, and their reliability in PMI estimation. A MEDLINE–PubMed search engine was used to review the literature using the keywords “teeth,” “dental tissues,” “post-mortem interval,” and “forensic dentistry” from 2001 until 2020. The most used tissue was dental pulp, but other cellular- and molecular-level dental tissues such as enamel, dentin, cementum, periodontal ligament, odontoblast, and mitochondrial and nuclear DNA and RNA were also used. Based on this observation, the authors have provided the categorical classification to evaluate these dental tissues into morphological, histopathological, and molecular-level examination to understand the reliability of these dental tissues. The molecular examinations to evaluate these tissues were widely employed and emerging in the estimation of PMI as this method could provide a reliable outcome when compared with others. Since the literature reviewed was not enough to answer our questions, however, to conclude, the dental pulp is the widely used tissue so far. Further, more studies are required to authenticate the role of other dental tissues to predict the PMI at an early stage with cost-effective and most convenient techniques.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"54 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45446413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}