Journal of Translational Autoimmunity最新文献

{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on temporal trends of biological indicators of autoimmunity","authors":"Elliott Van Regemorter ,&nbsp;Giulia Zorzi ,&nbsp;Anais Scohy ,&nbsp;Damien Gruson ,&nbsp;Johann Morelle","doi":"10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objective</h3><p>Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with the onset of autoimmune conditions, but whether this relationship is causal remains unknown, partly because robust evidence based on the detection of autoantibodies is lacking. This study explored the potential impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the temporal trends of autoimmunity.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Retrospective analysis of all consecutive autoimmune tests performed at one central laboratory at a University hospital, operating services for 18 other hospitals and clinical laboratories in Belgium, from January 01, 2015 to May 31, 2022. Longitudinal changes in the positivity rates of autoimmunity tests were analyzed, <em>i.e.</em> before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 11, 2020). The tests notably included the detection of autoantibodies associated with type 1 diabetes, thyroid diseases, connective tissue diseases, antiphospholipid syndrome, vasculitis and other organ-specific conditions. Kendall rank correlation test was applied to assess temporal trends.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Over a period of 89 months, a total of 301,720 consecutive tests for 24 different autoantibodies among 87,674 unique patients were performed (87% adults, 68% women, mean age 44 ± 20 years). Overall, 52,862 (18%) tests returned positive, with positivity rates for each test ranging between 1% and 46%. No increase in the positivity rate of autoimmunity tests was observed after the start of the pandemic.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic was not associated with increased positivity rates of a large panel of autoimmune tests. Whether the higher incidence of autoimmune disorders associated with COVID-19 reflects detection bias or reverse causality, or is linked to seronegative autoimmune disorders requires further investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Translational Autoimmunity","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100222"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589909023000357/pdfft?md5=69b8ae4c90795eab3d7e3f98ac0994b8&pid=1-s2.0-S2589909023000357-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138475538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term outcomes of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with rare and complex connective tissue diseases: The ERN-ReCONNET VACCINATE study","authors":"Chiara Tani ,&nbsp;Chiara Cardelli ,&nbsp;Roberto Depascale ,&nbsp;Anna Gamba ,&nbsp;Luca Iaccarino ,&nbsp;Andrea Doria ,&nbsp;Matilde Bandeira ,&nbsp;Sara Paiva Dinis ,&nbsp;Vasco C. Romão ,&nbsp;Emanuele Gotelli ,&nbsp;Sabrina Paolino ,&nbsp;Maurizio Cutolo ,&nbsp;Niccolò Di Giosaffatte ,&nbsp;Alessandro Ferraris ,&nbsp;Paola Grammatico ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Cavagna ,&nbsp;Veronica Codullo ,&nbsp;Carlomaurizio Montecucco ,&nbsp;Valentina Longo ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Beretta ,&nbsp;Marta Mosca","doi":"10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Vaccination is one of the most important measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for frail patients. VACCINATE is a multicentre prospective observational study promoted by the European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ERN ReCONNET) aimed at assessing the long-term outcomes of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with rare and complex connective tissue diseases (rcCTDs) in terms of efficacy and safety.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Adult rcCTDs patients were eligible for recruitment. Demographic, clinical and vaccination data were collected at enrolment. Follow-up visits were scheduled 4, 12, 24, 36 and 48 weeks after completion of the first vaccination cycle; data on adverse events, disease exacerbations and the occurrence of new SARS-CoV-2 infections were collected at these time-points.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>365 rcCTDs patients (87 % female, mean age 51.8 ± 14.6 years) were recruited. Overall, 200 patients (54.8 %) experienced at least one adverse event, generally mild and in most cases occurring early after the vaccination. During follow-up, 55 disease exacerbations were recorded in 39 patients (10.7 %), distributed over the entire observation period, although most frequently within 4 weeks after completion of the vaccination cycle. The incidence of new SARS-CoV-2 infections was 8.9 per 1000 person-months, with no cases within 12 weeks from vaccine administration and an increasing trend of infections moving away from the primary vaccination cycle. Only one case of severe COVID-19 was reported during the study period.</p></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>COVID-19 vaccination seems effective and safe in rcCTDs patients. The rate of new infections was rather low and serious infections were uncommon in our cohort. No increased risk of disease flares was observed compared to previous disease history; however, such exacerbations may be potentially severe, emphasising the need for close monitoring of our patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Translational Autoimmunity","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100221"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589909023000345/pdfft?md5=c233fe4841cd7c8163b927e103b556f6&pid=1-s2.0-S2589909023000345-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138502001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of imlifidase treatment on immunoglobulins in an HLA-hypersensitized lupus nephritis patient with anti-SSA/SSB antibodies after kidney transplantation: A case report","authors":"Jean Milhès ,&nbsp;Olivier Marion ,&nbsp;Benedicte Puissant ,&nbsp;Caroline Carlé ,&nbsp;Charlène Bouthemy ,&nbsp;Arnaud Del Bello ,&nbsp;Nassim Kamar ,&nbsp;Yves Renaudineau ,&nbsp;Nicolas Congy-Jolivet","doi":"10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bacterial recombinant cysteine protease Ides (imlifidase, Idefirix®, Hansa Biopharma) is used to prevent humoral transplant rejection in highly HLA-sensitized recipients, and to control IgG-mediated autoimmune diseases. We report the case of a 51 years old woman suffering from lupus nephritis with end stage kidney disease, grafted for the second time and pre-treated with imlifidase. The patient was HLA-hypersensitized (calculated Panel Reactive Antibodies [Abs], cPRA&gt;99 %) and has three preformed Donor Specific Antibodies (DSA). Circulating immunoglobulins were monitored at initiation (0, 6, 36, 72 and 96 h), and at Ab recovery one and two months following imlifidase injection. From baseline, the higher depletion was reported after 36h for total IgG (−75 %) and IgG subclasses (−87 % for IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3, -78 % for IgG4), while no significant impact on IgA and IgM was observed. Anti-SSA 60 kDa and anti-SSB auto-Abs quickly decreased after imlifidase injection (−96 % for both after 36 h) as well as post-vaccinal specific IgG (−95 % for tetanus toxoid, −97 % for pneumococcus and −91 % for <em>Haemophilus influenzae</em> Abs after 36 h). At the Ab recovery phase, total IgG and anti-SSA60/SSB Abs reached their initial level at two months. Regarding alloreactive Abs, anti-HLA Abs including the three DSA showed a dramatic decrease after injection with 100 % depletion from baseline after 36 h as assessed by multiplex single bead antigen assay, leading to negative crossmatches using both lymphocytotoxicity (LCT) and flow cell techniques. DSA rebound at recovery was absent and remained under the positivity threshold (MFI = 1000) after 6 months. The findings from this case report are that imlifidase exerts an early depleting effect on all circulating IgG, while IgG recovery may depend in part from imlifidase's capacity to target memory B cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Translational Autoimmunity","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100223"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589909023000369/pdfft?md5=5b5ce15ffb1c7ed2e62b6a9fcd812f7a&pid=1-s2.0-S2589909023000369-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138549360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liver inflammation activity in patients with autoimmune hepatitis with normal alanine aminotransferase and immunoglobulin G levels","authors":"Yun Chen ,&nbsp;Jiacheng Liu ,&nbsp;Jian Wang ,&nbsp;Weihua Wu ,&nbsp;Huali Wang ,&nbsp;Yilin Liu ,&nbsp;Zhiyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Shaoqiu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yifan Pan ,&nbsp;Yiguang Li ,&nbsp;Weimao Ding ,&nbsp;Li Zhu ,&nbsp;Chuanwu Zhu ,&nbsp;Jie Li ,&nbsp;Yuanwang Qiu ,&nbsp;Rui Huang ,&nbsp;Chao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><p>Normal serum transaminases and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels are surrogate markers for hepatic histologic disease activity in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). This study aimed to evaluate liver inflammation in patients with AIH with normal serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and IgG levels.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Two hundred and five AIH patients who underwent liver biopsy in four medical centers were included. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with advanced inflammation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>One hundred and thirty-one (63.9 %) AIH patients had advanced liver inflammation, and 108 (52.7 %) patients had advanced liver fibrosis. 60.0 % of patients with normal ALT and 51.7 % of patients with normal ALT and IgG had advanced inflammation. However, 76.7 % and 35.0 % of patients with or without advanced fibrosis with normal ALT had advanced inflammation, while the corresponding proportions of advanced inflammation were 78.6 % and 26.7 % in patients with normal ALT and IgG, respectively. Moreover, 81.0 % and 44.8 % of patients with and without cirrhosis with normal ALT had advanced inflammation, while the corresponding proportions were 83.3 % and 29.4 % in patients with normal ALT and IgG, respectively. Red cell distribution width (OR = 1.325, 95%CI 1.045–1.681, P = 0.020) and PT (OR = 1.514, 95%CI 1.138–2.014, P = 0.004) were independent factors associated with advanced inflammation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>High proportion of advanced inflammation was found in AIH patients with normal ALT and IgG levels despite without advanced fibrosis. Although using non-invasive methods may contribute to rule out liver fibrosis in AIH patients with normal ALT and IgG levels, liver biopsy is encouraged to assess liver inflammation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Translational Autoimmunity","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100220"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589909023000333/pdfft?md5=24ecc364b25e78fc6e1dc44a40b337eb&pid=1-s2.0-S2589909023000333-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138739167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 and thyroid diseases","authors":"Małgorzata Staruszkiewicz ,&nbsp;Anna Pituch-Noworolska ,&nbsp;Szymon Skoczen","doi":"10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for acute respiratory disease affected other organs leading to co-existence symptoms or complications. Thyroid gland was one of them due to expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the protein facilitating viral binding to the host cells. Moreover, thyroid gland, important for regulation of hormonal network, is extremely sensitive to any changes in homeostasis and metabolism. It was shown, that COVID-19 was associated with induction of thyroid disease or increasing existing functional disturbances or autoimmune process. Thyroid diseases are mainly based on immunological pathomechanism although the relation between immune system and thyroid function is bidirectional e.g. thyroid hormones modulate specific immune responses, including cell-mediated immunity, NK cell activity, the production of antiviral interferon (IFN) and proliferation of T- and B-lymphocytes. The effects of COVID-19 and mRNA vaccine on thyroid function and diseases are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Translational Autoimmunity","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100214"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49858292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of generative artificial intelligence models in differential diagnoses of familial Mediterranean fever and deficiency of Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist","authors":"Joshua Pillai ,&nbsp;Kathryn Pillai","doi":"10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the increasing development of artificial intelligence, large language models (LLMs) have been utilized to solve problems in natural language processing tasks. More recently, LLMs have shown unique potential in numerous applications within medicine but have been particularly investigated for their ability in clinical reasoning. Although the diagnostic accuracy of LLMs in forming differential diagnoses has been reviewed in general internal medicine applications, much is unknown in autoinflammatory disorders. From the nature of autoinflammatory diseases, forming a differential diagnosis is challenging due to the overlapping symptoms between disorders and even more difficult without genetic screening. In this work, the diagnostic accuracy of the Generative Pre-Trained Transformer Model-4 (GPT-4), GPT-3.5, and Large Language Model Meta AI (LLaMa) were evaluated in clinical vignettes of Deficiency of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (DIRA) and Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF). We then compared these models to a control group including one internal medicine physician. It was found that GPT-4 did not significantly differ in correctly identifying DIRA and FMF patients compared to the internist. However, the physician maintained a significantly higher accuracy than GPT-3.5 and LLaMa 2 for either disease. Overall, we explore and discuss the unique potential of LLMs in diagnostics for autoimmune diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Translational Autoimmunity","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100213"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49858293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of autoantibodies targeting interferon type 1 in COVID-19 severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Abolfazl Akbari ,&nbsp;Alireza Hadizadeh ,&nbsp;Mahdi Amiri ,&nbsp;Neshat Najaf Najafi ,&nbsp;Zahra Shahriari ,&nbsp;Tannaz Jamialahmadi ,&nbsp;Amirhossein Sahebkar","doi":"10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Impairment of the type I interferon (IFN–I) signaling pathway is associated with increased severity of COVID-19 disease. Here we have undertaken a systematic review and meta = analysis on the association between the severity of COVID-19 and IFN-1 autoantibodies (AAbs; aIFN-1, aIFN-α, aIFN-ω, and aIFN-β).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Four databases, including Medline [PubMed], Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus, were systematically searched to find papers on the role of aIFN-1 and its subtype AAbs in the severity of COVID-19 infection. Data on the prevalence of aIFN-1, aIFN-α, aIFN-ω, and aIFN-β were pooled using random- or fixed-effects models. Subgroup analysis was performed based on disease severity. Odds ratios (OR) for COVID-19 disease outcome, including length of hospital stay, ICU admission and death, were calculated in relation to positive or negative plasma IFN-1 AAbs.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 33 studies with 13023 patients were included. The overall prevalence of circulating aIFN-1, aIFN-α, and aIFN-ω AAbs was 17.8 % [13.8, 22.8], 7.2 % [4.7, 10.9], and 4.4 % [2.1, 8.6], respectively, and the overall prevalence of neutralizing aIFN-1, aIFN-α, aIFN-ω, and aIFN-β AAbs was 7.1 % [4.9, 10.1], 7.5 % [5.9, 9.5], 8.0 % [5.7, 11.1] and 1.2 % [0.4, 3.5], respectively. Circulating aIFN-α (OR = 4.537 [2.247, 9.158]), neutralizing aIFN-α (O = 17.482 [8.899, 34.342]), and neutralizing aIFN-ω (OR = 12.529 [7.397, 21.222]) were significantly more frequent in critical/severe patients than in moderate/mild patients (p &lt; 0.001 for all). Anti–IFN–1 was more common in male subjects (OR = 2.248 [1.366, 3.699], p = 0.001) and two COVID-19 outcomes including ICU admission (OR = 2.485 [1.409, 4.385], p = 0.002) and death (OR = 2.593 [1.199, 5.604], p = 0.015) occurred more frequently in patients with positive anti–IFN–1.</p><p>Conclusion: aIFN-1 and its subtypes AAbs are associated with severe and critical COVID-19 disease and may be a predictive marker for a poor prognosis, particularly in men.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Translational Autoimmunity","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100219"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10587724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49692812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel web-based online nomogram to predict advanced liver fibrosis in patients with autoimmune hepatitis-primary biliary cholangitis overlap syndrome","authors":"Zhiyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Jian Wang ,&nbsp;Yun Chen ,&nbsp;Yiguang Li ,&nbsp;Li Zhu ,&nbsp;Huali Wang ,&nbsp;Yilin Liu ,&nbsp;Jiacheng Liu ,&nbsp;Shengxia Yin ,&nbsp;Xin Tong ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Yan ,&nbsp;Yuxin Chen ,&nbsp;Chuanwu Zhu ,&nbsp;Jie Li ,&nbsp;Yuanwang Qiu ,&nbsp;Chao Wu ,&nbsp;Rui Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Patients with autoimmune hepatitis-primary biliary cholangitis (AIH-PBC) overlap syndrome have a worse prognosis compared to AIH or PBC alone and accurately predicting the severity and dynamically monitoring the progression of disease are therefore essential. We aimed to develop a nomogram-based model to predict advanced liver fibrosis in patients with AIH-PBC overlap syndrome.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 121 patients with AIH-PBC overlap syndrome were retrospectively included and randomly assigned to a development set and a validation set. Backward stepwise regression's best model with the lowest AIC was employed to create a nomogram. Diagnose accuracy was evaluated using the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC), calibration analysis, and decision curve analysis (DCA) and was compared with aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio (APRI) and fibrosis index based on four factors-4 (FIB-4) score.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The median age of patients was 53.0 years (IQR: 46.0–63.0), and female patients accounted for 95.0 %. Platelets, globulin, total bilirubin, and prothrombin time were associated with advanced fibrosis (≥S3) and used to construct an AIH-PBC overlap syndrome fibrosis (APOSF)-nomogram (available online at <span>https://ndth-zzy.shinyapps.io/APOSF-nomogram/</span><svg><path></path></svg>). The AUROCs of APOSF-nomogram were 0.845 (95 % CI: 0.754–0.936) and 0.843 (95 % CI: 0.705–0.982) in development set and validation set respectively, which was significantly better than APRI and FIB-4. Calibration revealed that the estimated risk fits well with biopsy-proven observation. DCA outperformed APRI and FIB4 in terms of net benefit, demonstrating clinical utility.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This novel non-invasive web-based online APOSF-nomogram provided a convenient tool for identifying advanced fibrosis in patients with AIH-PBC overlap syndrome. Further prospective, multicenter studies with large sample size are necessary to validate the applicability of APOSF-nomogram.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Translational Autoimmunity","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100215"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49858262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"suPAR and WT1 modify the adhesion of podocytes and are related to proteinuria in class IV lupus nephritis","authors":"Juan-José Bollain-y-Goytia ,&nbsp;Felipe-de-Jesús Torres-Del-muro ,&nbsp;Sara-Paola Hernández-Martínez ,&nbsp;Esperanza Avalos-Díaz ,&nbsp;Rafael Herrera-Esparza","doi":"10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Lupus nephritis (LN) affects up to 60 % of the patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and renal damage progression is associated with proteinuria, caused in part by the integrity of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and by podocyte injury. The soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) have been related to podocyte effacement and consequently with proteinuria which raises questions about its pathogenic role in LN.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Define whether suPAR levels and WT1 expression influence in podocyte anchorage destabilization in LN class IV.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>This is a cross-sectional study of cases and controls. We studied patients with SLE without renal involvement (n = 12), SLE and LN class IV with proteinuria ≤0.5 g/24 h (n = 12), LN class IV with proteinuria ≥0.5 g/24 h (n = 12) and compared them with renal tissue control (CR) (n = 12) and control sera (CS) (n = 12). The CR was integrated by cadaveric samples without SLE or renal involvement and the CS was integrated by healthy participants. The expression and cellular localization of WT1, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), ac-α-tubulin, vimentin, and β3-integrin was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The concentration of suPAR in serum was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In patients with LN, the activation of anchoring proteins was increased, such as podocyte β3-integrin, as well as the acetylation of alpha-acetyl-tubulin and uPAR, in contrast to the decrease in vimentin; interestingly, the cellular localization of WT1 was cytoplasmic and the number of podocytes per glomerulus decreased. The concentrations of suPAR was increased in patients with LN.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The destabilization of podocyte anchorage modulated by β3-integrin activation, and tubulin acetylation, associated with decreased WT1 cytoplasmic expression, and increased suPAR levels could be involved in kidney damage in patients with LN class IV.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Translational Autoimmunity","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100216"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10587709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49692813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-adenylate kinase 5 encephalitis: Clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management of this rare entity","authors":"Er-Chuang Li ,&nbsp;Qi-Lun Lai ,&nbsp;Meng-Ting Cai ,&nbsp;Gao-Li Fang ,&nbsp;Chun-Hong Shen ,&nbsp;Mei-Ping Ding ,&nbsp;Yin-Xi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The spectrum and understanding of antibody-positive autoimmune encephalitis (AE) have expanded over the past few decades. In 2007, a rare subtype of AE known as anti-adenylate kinase 5 (AK5) encephalitis, was first reported. This disease is more common in elderly males, with limbic encephalitis as the core phenotype (characterized by subacute anterograde amnesia, sometimes with psychiatric symptoms, and rarely with seizures). Brain magnetic resonance imaging typically demonstrated initial temporal lobe T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensities, and subsequent atrophy. No concomitant tumors have been found yet. AK5 antibody, targeting the intracellular antigen, is a biomarker for a non-paraneoplastic T-cell autoimmunity response, and can be detected in serum and cerebrospinal fluid using tissue-based and cell-based assays. Cytotoxic T-cell-mediating neuronal injury and loss play a pivotal role in the immunopathogenesis of anti-AK5 encephalitis. Patients mostly show poor response to immunotherapy and thus a poor prognosis in the long run. Herein, we review the literature and provide updated knowledge of this less-known entity, focusing on clinical characteristics, paraclinical findings, diagnosis process, and therapeutic approaches.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Translational Autoimmunity","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100218"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c7/38/main.PMC10582738.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49683129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}