Evolutionary Human Sciences最新文献_第8页

Market integration, income inequality, and kinship system among the Mosuo of China. 摩梭人的市场一体化、收入不平等与亲属制度。

IF 2.6

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2022.52

Siobhán M Mattison, Neil MacLaren, Chun-Yi Sum, Peter M Mattison, Ruizhe Liu, Mary K Shenk, Tami Blumenfield, Mingjie Su, Hui Li, Katherine Wander

{"title":"Market integration, income inequality, and kinship system among the Mosuo of China.","authors":"Siobhán M Mattison, Neil MacLaren, Chun-Yi Sum, Peter M Mattison, Ruizhe Liu, Mary K Shenk, Tami Blumenfield, Mingjie Su, Hui Li, Katherine Wander","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2022.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2022.52","url":null,"abstract":"Increased access to defensible material wealth is hypothesised to escalate inequality. Market integration, which creates novel opportunities in cash economies, provides a means of testing this hypothesis. Using demographic data collected from 505 households among the matrilineal and patrilineal Mosuo in 2017, we test whether market integration is associated with increased material wealth, whether increased material wealth is associated with wealth inequality, and whether being in a matrilineal vs. patrilineal kinship system alters the relationship between wealth and inequality. We find evidence that market integration, measured as distance to the nearest source of tourism and primary source of household income, is associated with increased household income and 'modern' asset value. Both village-level market integration and mean asset value were associated negatively, rather than positively, with inequality, contrary to predictions. Finally, income, modern wealth and inequality were higher in matrilineal communities that were located closer to the centre of tourism and where tourism has long provided a relatively stable source of income. However, we also observed exacerbated inequality with increasing farm animal value in patriliny. We conclude that the forces affecting wealth and inequality depend on local context and that the importance of local institutions is obscured by aggregate statistics drawn from modern nation states.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"5 ","pages":"e4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10426023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10010665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Social divisions and risk perception drive divergent epidemics and large later waves. 社会分化和对风险的认识导致了不同的流行病和后来的大规模浪潮。

IF 2.6

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2023.2

Mallory J Harris, Kimberly J Cardenas, Erin A Mordecai

{"title":"Social divisions and risk perception drive divergent epidemics and large later waves.","authors":"Mallory J Harris, Kimberly J Cardenas, Erin A Mordecai","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2023.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2023.2","url":null,"abstract":"During infectious disease outbreaks, individuals may adopt protective measures like vaccination and physical distancing in response to awareness of disease burden. Prior work showed how feedbacks between epidemic intensity and awareness-based behaviour shape disease dynamics. These models often overlook social divisions, where population subgroups may be disproportionately impacted by a disease and more responsive to the effects of disease within their group. We develop a compartmental model of disease transmission and awareness-based protective behaviour in a population split into two groups to explore the impacts of awareness separation (relatively greater in- vs. out-group awareness of epidemic severity) and mixing separation (relatively greater in- vs. out-group contact rates). Using simulations, we show that groups that are more separated in awareness have smaller differences in mortality. Fatigue (i.e. abandonment of protective measures over time) can drive additional infection waves that can even exceed the size of the initial wave, particularly if uniform awareness drives early protection in one group, leaving that group largely susceptible to future infection. Counterintuitively, vaccine or infection-acquired immunity that is more protective against transmission and mortality may indirectly lead to more infections by reducing perceived risk of infection and therefore vaccine uptake. Awareness-based protective behaviour, including awareness separation, can fundamentally alter disease dynamics. Social media summary: Depending on group division, behaviour based on perceived risk can change epidemic dynamics & produce large later waves.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"5 ","pages":"e8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10426078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10667500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Quantifying the scientific revolution. 量化科学革命。

IF 2.6

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2023.6

Benoît de Courson, Valentin Thouzeau, Nicolas Baumard

{"title":"Quantifying the scientific revolution.","authors":"Benoît de Courson, Valentin Thouzeau, Nicolas Baumard","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2023.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2023.6","url":null,"abstract":"The Scientific Revolution represents a turning point in the history of humanity. Yet it remains ill-understood, partly because of a lack of quantification. Here, we leverage large datasets of individual biographies (N = 22,943) and present the first estimates of scientific production during the late medieval and early modern period (1300-1850). Our data reveal striking differences across countries, with England and the United Provinces being much more creative than other countries, suggesting that economic development has been key in generating the Scientific Revolution. In line with recent results in behavioural sciences, we show that scientific creativity and economic development are associated with other kinds of creative activities in philosophy, literature, music and the arts, as well as with inclusive institutions and ascetic religiosity, suggesting a common underlying mindset associated with long-term orientation and exploration. Finally, we investigate the interplay between economic development and cultural transmission (the so-called 'Republic of Letters') using partially observed Markov models imported from population biology. Surprisingly, the role of horizontal transmission (from one country to another) seems to have been marginal. Beyond the case of science, our results suggest that economic development is an important factor in the evolution of aspects of human culture.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"5 ","pages":"e19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10426016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10667501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Sex, age, and family structure influence dispersal behaviour after a forced migration. 性别、年龄和家庭结构影响被迫迁徙后的分散行为。

IF 2.6

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2023.16

Jenni J Kauppi, Simon N Chapman, Jenni E Pettay, Mirkka Lahdenperä, Virpi Lummaa, John Loehr

{"title":"Sex, age, and family structure influence dispersal behaviour after a forced migration.","authors":"Jenni J Kauppi, Simon N Chapman, Jenni E Pettay, Mirkka Lahdenperä, Virpi Lummaa, John Loehr","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2023.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2023.16","url":null,"abstract":"Dispersal does not only mean moving from one environment to another, but can also refer to shifting from one social group to another. Individual characteristics such as sex, age and family structure might influence an individual's propensity to disperse. In this study, we use a unique dataset of an evacuated World War II Finnish population, to test how sex, age, number of siblings and birth order influence an individual's dispersal away from their own social group at a time when society was rapidly changing. We found that young women dispersed more than young men, but the difference decreased with age. This suggests that young men might benefit more from staying near a familiar social group, whereas young women could benefit more from moving elsewhere to find work or spouses. We also found that having more younger brothers increased the propensity for firstborns to disperse more than for laterborns, indicating that younger brothers might pressure firstborn individuals into leaving. However, sisters did not have the same effect as brothers. Overall, the results show that individual characteristics are important in understanding dispersal behaviour, but environmental properties such as social structure and the period of flux after World War II might upend the standard predictions concerning residence and dispersal. Social media summary: Individual characteristics influence dispersal away from social group after a forced migration in a Finnish population.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"5 ","pages":"e21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10426002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10395066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fitness consequences of cousin marriage: a life-history assessment in two populations. 表亲婚姻对健康的影响:两个人群的生活史评估。

IF 2.6

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2022.55

Arianna Dalzero, Cody T Ross, Dieter Lukas

{"title":"Fitness consequences of cousin marriage: a life-history assessment in two populations.","authors":"Arianna Dalzero, Cody T Ross, Dieter Lukas","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2022.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2022.55","url":null,"abstract":"Cousin marriage, a spousal union between close kin, occurs at high frequencies in many parts of the world. The rates of cousin marriage in humans are concordant with empirical studies that challenge the traditionally held view that reproduction with kin is generally avoided in animals. Similarly, some theoretical models in animal behaviour show that inbreeding avoidance is more constrained than previously thought. Such studies highlight the importance of quantifying the costs and benefits of reproduction among close kin over the whole life-course. Here, we use genealogical data from two human populations with high frequencies of cousin marriage (the Dogon from Mali, and the Ancien Régime nobility from Europe) to estimate these potential costs and benefits. We compare age-specific fertility and survival curves, as well as the projected growth rates, of subpopulations of each marriage type. Fitness costs of cousin marriage are present in terms of reduced child survival (in both populations), while benefits exist as increased fertility for men (in the Dogon) and for women (in the Ancien Régime nobility). We also find some differences in the projected growth rates of lineages as a function of marriage type. Finally, we discuss the trade-offs that might shape marriage decisions in different ecological conditions.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"5 ","pages":"e3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10426087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10373308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How subcultures emerge. 亚文化是如何产生的。

IF 2.6

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2023.19

Petr Tureček, Michal Kozák, Jakub Slavík

引用次数: 0

The form of uncertainty affects selection for social learning. 不确定性的形式影响社会学习的选择。

IF 2.6

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2023.11

Matthew A Turner, Cristina Moya, Paul E Smaldino, James Holland Jones

{"title":"The form of uncertainty affects selection for social learning.","authors":"Matthew A Turner, Cristina Moya, Paul E Smaldino, James Holland Jones","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2023.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2023.11","url":null,"abstract":"Social learning is a critical adaptation for dealing with different forms of variability. Uncertainty is a severe form of variability where the space of possible decisions or probabilities of associated outcomes are unknown. We identified four theoretically important sources of uncertainty: temporal environmental variability; payoff ambiguity; selection-set size; and effective lifespan. When these combine, it is nearly impossible to fully learn about the environment. We develop an evolutionary agent-based model to test how each form of uncertainty affects the evolution of social learning. Agents perform one of several behaviours, modelled as a multi-armed bandit, to acquire payoffs. All agents learn about behavioural payoffs individually through an adaptive behaviour-choice model that uses a softmax decision rule. Use of vertical and oblique payoff-biased social learning evolved to serve as a scaffold for adaptive individual learning - they are not opposite strategies. Different types of uncertainty had varying effects. Temporal environmental variability suppressed social learning, whereas larger selection-set size promoted social learning, even when the environment changed frequently. Payoff ambiguity and lifespan interacted with other uncertainty parameters. This study begins to explain how social learning can predominate despite highly variable real-world environments when effective individual learning helps individuals recover from learning outdated social information.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"5 ","pages":"e20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10426062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10395065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Things fall apart. 事情会分崩离析。

IF 2.6

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2022.60

Ruth Mace

引用次数: 0

Introduction to the special collection: The expression of the emotions in man and animals. 特别收藏介绍：人类和动物的情感表达。

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-21 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2022.59

Louise Barrett

引用次数: 0

A Study on ‘Clothed with Christ’ in the Perspective of ‘Adam Christology 亚当基督论视角下的“披上基督”研究