Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Synergistic efficiency of functionalized MWCNT stimulated ZnFe2O4/BiOBr heterostructure for enhanced removal of brilliant green and tetracycline hydrochloride","authors":"Iftekhar Ahmad,&nbsp;Mohammad Saud Athar,&nbsp;Ziyaur Rasool,&nbsp;Mohammad Muneer","doi":"10.1016/j.jiec.2024.06.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiec.2024.06.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water pollution due to organic pollutants poses a significant environmental threat, necessitating the development of effective materials for their complete removal. This study introduces a novel Z-scheme ZnFe₂O₄/MWCNT/BiOBr (ZMB) ternary composite to enhance the removal of brilliant green (BG) dye and tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) antibiotic. The synthesized materials were comprehensively analyzed using a range of characterization techniques, including XRD, UV–Vis DRS, FTIR, SEM, TEM, EDX mapping, BET, and XPS. A series of ternary composite materials with varying percent mass ratios of ZnFe₂O₄ was synthesized, of which the optimized 6ZMB composite (6 % mass ratio of ZnFe₂O₄) demonstrates the highest degradation rates for BG (99.9 %) and TCH (95.1 %) within 20 and 100 min, respectively. Trapping experiments confirmed that O₂•⁻ and •OH were the main reactive species responsible for the degradation of BG and TCH pollutants. The NBT transformation experiments and PL terephthalic acid probe method further confirmed the involvement of O₂•⁻ and •OH, respectively. Furthermore, the adsorption isotherm study showed that BG adsorption onto the 6ZMB ternary composite predominantly followed the Langmuir model, with a high regression coefficient (0.9963 and 0.9777 for linear and nonlinear fit, respectively), indicating effective and consistent adsorption through chemisorption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry","volume":"141 ","pages":"Pages 203-216"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141518077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing influential phase separation parameters on polyethersulfone/ Fe3O4/ZnO membranes for environmental wastewater","authors":"N.S.M. Kubheka,&nbsp;M.E. Managa,&nbsp;M.M. Motsa,&nbsp;E.N. Nxumalo,&nbsp;M.J. Moloto","doi":"10.1016/j.jiec.2024.06.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiec.2024.06.033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane fabrication via phase inversion depends on various influential parameters which may result in enhanced membrane performance. In this study, metal oxide nanoparticles i.e. Fe₃O₄/ZnO were modified with glycine and diethylene glycol and then embedded onto polyethersulfone (PES) membranes to form PES/Fe₃O₄/ZnO membranes. These membranes were used to remove manganese, copper, and lead ions from wastewater. Transmission electron microscope images confirmed that Fe₃O₄/ZnO were composed of cubic and spherical morphologies. Fourier Transform Infrared spectra confirmed that Fe₃O₄/ZnO nanoparticles were successfully modified using glycine and diethylene glycol. The surface and cross-sectional images showed that polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and the coagulation bath temperature influenced the resulting membrane surface and confirmed the successful addition of nanocomposite concentrations (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 wt%) onto PES membranes. The 0.50 wt% Fe₃O₄/ZnO loaded membrane showed highest permeability with water flux of 682 L/m².h, and high flux recovery ratio (%) of 98.75 %, 88.88 % and 71.77 % for BSA, HA and wastewater samples, respectively, indicative of less prone to fouling. The chemical and mechanical enhancement through PVP concentration, coagulation bath temperature and nanoparticle loading significantly influenced the selectivity and fouling propensity of the PES membranes. Therefore, all parameters played a role in tuning the chemical and physical structure of the prepared membranes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry","volume":"141 ","pages":"Pages 228-242"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141504923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of advanced Nb9VO25 electrode material by introducing graphene quantum dot for high energy supercapacitors with exceptionally high diffusive capacitance","authors":"Li Xiaoshan ,&nbsp;Li Ruiyi ,&nbsp;Li Zaijun ,&nbsp;Yang Yongqiang ,&nbsp;Liu Xiaohao","doi":"10.1016/j.jiec.2024.06.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiec.2024.06.036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unreasonable tunnel structure and low intrinsic conductivity limit practical applications of niobium oxide in high-performance supercapacitors. The study reports the construction of Nb₉VO₂₅<span> electrode material via coordination of Nb(V) and V(V) with histidine and serine-functionalized and boron-doped graphene quantum dot (HSBGQD) and subsequent annealing. The introduction of HSBGQD and rambutan peel leads to formation of small Nb</span>₉VO₂₅ nanocrystal and low valent Nb and V species. The combination of small size and more reasonable tunnel structure accelerates the ion diffusion. The Nb(IV) and V(IV) double doping optimizes the tunnel structure, narrows the bandgap and creates new pathways for high-speed electron transfer. The integration of defect engineering with graphene surface modification enhance the intrinsic conductivity. The Nb₉VO₂₅ electrode shows exceptionally high specific capacitance of 2925.3 F/g, which is more than 142 times that of Nb₂O₅. The symmetrical supercapacitor with Nb₉VO₂₅ electrodes and PVA/Li₂SO₄ gel electrolyte offers high specific capacitance (263 F/g at 1 A/g), high-rage capacity (138 F/g at 50 A/g), cycling stability (capacitance retention of 95.2 % after 10,000-cycle), energy density (146 W h Kg⁻¹ at 996 W Kg⁻¹ and 77 W h Kg⁻¹ at 50181 W kg⁻¹) and broad application prospect in wearable electronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry","volume":"141 ","pages":"Pages 269-284"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141569157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of alkyl levulinates as a versatile precursor by phosphomolybdate-impregnated g-C3N4 catalysts","authors":"Nazanin Orash ,&nbsp;Alireza Najafi Chermahini ,&nbsp;Rafael Luque ,&nbsp;Antonio Pineda ,&nbsp;Enrique Rodríguez Castellón ,&nbsp;Carolina Vargas Fernández","doi":"10.1016/j.jiec.2024.06.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiec.2024.06.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Alkyl levulinates are a class of compounds that have diverse applications and show great promise as environmentally friendly fuel additives<span><span>. These compounds are renewable, have a high energy density, and can easily be used with existing infrastructure. Therefore, they can play a significant role in contributing to the ongoing endeavors toward more sustainable and efficient energy solutions. In this study, alkyl levulinates (ALs) as </span>fuel additives were synthesized using phosphomolybdate g-C</span></span>₃N₄ (PMo_x/g-C₃N₄<span><span>) as an efficient catalyst for the esterification reaction of levulinic acid (LA) with three diverse alcohols, namely ethanol, 1-butanol, and 1-hexanol. An experimental investigation assessed the impact of several key factors, such as temperature, the volumetric proportion of LA to alcohol, reaction time, catalyst loading, and catalyst amount, on the chemical process under study. For </span>ethyl levulinate (EL) a 76 % yield was obtained at 130 °C, 8 h reaction time, LA: ethanol 1:12, and 20 mg catalyst. Also, a &gt; 99 % yield was obtained for the butyl levulinate (BL) production at 130 °C, 8 h reaction time, LA: alcohol proportion of 1:12, and 10 mg catalyst. Hexyl levulinate (HL) was achieved with 71 % yield under the optimal condition of 230 °C, 8 h reaction time, LA: hexanol 1:20, and 10 mg catalyst.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry","volume":"141 ","pages":"Pages 72-84"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141392083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of polyol types of polyurethane-carbonate on electrochemical properties of quasi-solid polymer electrolyte for zinc ion battery","authors":"Chutiwat Likitaporn ,&nbsp;Manunya Okhawilai ,&nbsp;Pornnapa Kasemsiri ,&nbsp;Nangan Senthilkumar ,&nbsp;Peerawat Prathumrat ,&nbsp;Jiaqian Qin ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Uyama","doi":"10.1016/j.jiec.2024.07.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiec.2024.07.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are promising energy storage devices that provide effective performance in engineering applications. However, typical ZIBs contain aqueous electrolytes, which significantly cause the depletion of their zinc anode. To address this issue, quasi-solid polymer electrolytes (QSPEs) have been developed to reduce the liquid contained in battery cells. In this study, QSPEs were prepared via an electrospinning technique using polyurethane-carbonate/polyacrylonitrile (PUC/PAN). Different types of polyols in PUC structures were used to prepare the QSPE membranes. Consequently, PUC/PAN-based QSPE membranes exhibited the highest ionic conductivity of 5.12 × 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹ with long-term charge–discharge cycles of 500 h. Using ammonium metavanadate as the cathode, the specific capacities of these membranes were up to 280 mAh g⁻¹ at a current density of 0.2 A g⁻¹. Moreover, the morphology and physical properties of the membranes were investigated to explain the influence of the polyol structures. Thus, the developed PUC/PAN membranes show potential as viable QSPEs to mitigate the performance and safety concerns associated with ZIBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry","volume":"141 ","pages":"Pages 540-553"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141693110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrolytic reduction in LiCl-Li2O of titania microspheres synthesized via vibrational droplet coagulation: Effect of feed morphology","authors":"Han-Hung Hsu ,&nbsp;Tom Breugelmans ,&nbsp;Thomas Cardinaels ,&nbsp;Bart Geboes","doi":"10.1016/j.jiec.2024.06.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiec.2024.06.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, an electrolytic reduction route of TiO₂<span> microspheres with a well-defined morphology is reported. The TiO</span>₂<span> microspheres are synthesized via a vibrational droplet coagulation method and are electrochemically reduced in LiCl-Li</span>₂O molten salt. The reduction process of the spheres of different size and morphology is investigated. The electrolytic reduction kinetics, the product chemistry and morphological parameters such as outer diameter, total surface area and pore size are investigated and benchmarked to a conventional TiO₂ powder feed. Moreover, the reduced TiO₂<span><span> spheres were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and BET method. A core–shell structure was observed in the spheres as an intermediate form during electrolysis when charges below 100 % of the theoretical charge were applied. </span>Raman spectroscopy was performed to identify the composition of the core and the shell to further elucidate the reduction pathway of these TiO</span>₂ spheres throughout the electrolysis process. After full electrolytic conversion of the feed material, LiTiO₂ microspheres were obtained. The presented reduction route provides a novel pathway to synthesize high purity LiTiO₂ for practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry","volume":"141 ","pages":"Pages 121-129"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143152503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of inherently polarized nanofiber-based membranes for superior filtration performance","authors":"Chaewon Kim ,&nbsp;Seokwon Hong ,&nbsp;Eunmo Ku ,&nbsp;Hyun Ju Oh ,&nbsp;Byungkyu Jeon ,&nbsp;Hoseong Lee ,&nbsp;Hyunchul Ahn ,&nbsp;Jun Choi ,&nbsp;Jihyun Bae ,&nbsp;Yeong Og Choi ,&nbsp;Byoung-Sun Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jiec.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiec.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As airborne particulate matter (PM) such as pathogens and ultrafine dust threaten the human health, air quality control technologies are becoming increasingly important. Herein, poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) nanofibers with various fiber diameters and pore size distributions were prepared using various compositions of volatile (acetone) and less volatile <em>N,N</em>-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent mixtures to design the optimum filtration media. Morphologies and molecular configurations were examined thoroughly with respect to the filtration performance. Among the various solvent compositions, the specimen prepared with the lowest DMF content (denoted as ePVdF-HFP55) showed the best filtration performance, with a filtration efficiency of 99.95% and a pressure drop of 29.0 mmH₂O. The quality factor (QF) of ePVdF-HFP55 (0.0266 Pa⁻¹) is superior to that achieved in electrospun nanofibrous media in previous works. In addition, the QF was further improved to 0.0276 Pa⁻¹, with a remarkably reduced resistance of 14.45 mmH₂O achieved by employing the layered nanofiber media with a PVdF-HFP top layer. Our work demonstrates that optimization of the inherently polarized nanofiber synthesis is a fruitful pathway to enhancing the filtration performance of air filter media.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry","volume":"141 ","pages":"Pages 421-430"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141693898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced degradation of rhodamine B under visible light by BiOCl@COF-1n-n type heterojunction photocatalysts","authors":"Yingze Jie ,&nbsp;Weike Zhang ,&nbsp;Yingge Wang ,&nbsp;Zhuanzhuan Liang ,&nbsp;Yanqing Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jiec.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiec.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel n-n type heterojunction BiOCl@COF-1 was synthesized by a facile one-step solvothermal method and used for the degradation of rhodamine B(RhB) in water. The structure, morphology, composition, optical and electrochemical properties of the prepared composites were characterized through various techniques. Compared with the pure BiOCl, the BiOCl@COF-1 composite demonstrated significantly enhanced efficiency and durability for degradation of RhB under visible light. The observed enhancement in photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the n-n type heterojunction, which notably improve the visible light absorption efficiency, and the efficient charge separation. Additionally, the possible photodegradation mechanism of RhB was explores based on the characterization results. This work not only offers a promising strategy for the purification of organic wastewater, but also provides an effective approach for the construction of other COF-based n-n type heterojunction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry","volume":"141 ","pages":"Pages 411-420"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141712293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrazine-derived salts: Unveiling their diverse potential through synthesis, characterization, pharmacology, and theoretical analysis","authors":"Sangeedha Appusamy ,&nbsp;Raymond J. Butcher ,&nbsp;Thathan Premkumar ,&nbsp;Ponnusamy Kanchana","doi":"10.1016/j.jiec.2024.06.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiec.2024.06.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on newly synthesized compounds derived from hydrazine derivatives, specifically methyl carbazate (MCZ, C₂H₆N₂O₂) and 2-thiobarbituric acid (2-TBA, C₄H₄N₂O₂S). The reaction between MCZ and 2-TBA resulted in the formation of three types of salts with the following compositions: [(C₂H₇N₂O₂)⁺(C₄H₃N₂O₂S)⁻ <strong>(1),</strong> (C₂H₇N₂O₂)⁺(C₄H₃N₂O₂S)⁻(C₂H₆N₂O₂) <strong>(2</strong>), and (C₂H₇N₂O₂)⁺(C₆H₁₆N)⁺(C₄H₃N₂O₂S)₂⁻ <strong>(3)</strong> [(C₆H₁₆N)⁺ represents the triethyl ammonium cation]. The prepared salts were comprehensively characterized, showing that compound <strong>(3)</strong> exhibited a monoclinic crystal structure and met Lipinski’s rules, indicating significant drug-like properties. Molecular docking analysis revealed that these compounds exhibited strong binding affinities toward bacterial proteins, particularly <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em>, indicating their potential as antibacterial agents. The synthesized compounds demonstrated remarkable free radical-scavenging abilities, as evidenced by DPPH assays. The results of pharmacological evaluations, including brine shrimp lethality assays, antibacterial tests, and anticancer studies on MCF-7 cell lines, revealed that the compounds exhibit highly significant activities, particularly cytotoxic effects, suggesting their potential as anticancer agents. The compound <strong>(3)</strong> emerged as the most effective anticancer agent against MCF-7 cells. These findings underscore the broad potential of these compounds, especially <strong>(3)</strong>, as promising agents with significant antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities, suggesting that they may contribute to the field of medicinal chemistry with implications for therapeutic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry","volume":"141 ","pages":"Pages 154-173"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141518136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic performance of Ni supported on sustainable POFA-derived SBA-15 for hydrogen-rich syngas from CO2 reforming of methane","authors":"Syed Muhammad Wajahat ul Hasnain ,&nbsp;Ahmad Salam Farooqi ,&nbsp;Bamidele Victor Ayodele ,&nbsp;Herma Dina Setiabudi ,&nbsp;Abid Salam Farooqi ,&nbsp;Rayed S. Alshareef ,&nbsp;Bawadi Abdullah","doi":"10.1016/j.jiec.2024.06.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiec.2024.06.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span><span>Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) is massively produced by numerous palm oil mills worldwide, creating an environmental waste disposal problem. Notably, POFA serves as a cost-effective alternative silica source instead of the expensive </span>tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). This research focused on synthesizing SBA-15 from POFA waste and examining the effect of promoters on POFA-derived SBA-15-supported Ni-based catalysts. The 10 wt% Ni/SBA-15-POFA catalyst was sequentially impregnated with promoters having 1 wt% loading of Zr, Ce, La, and Cr. The catalysts were tested for CO</span>₂<span> methane reforming (CMR) at 800 °C for 8 hours while maintaining a stoichiometric feed ratio. Various characterization techniques, including XRD, FESEM, XPS, H</span>₂-TPR, CO₂<span>-TPD, and BET analysis were employed to assess the catalyst physicochemical properties. The addition of promoter changed the properties of catalyst. Except for Cr-promoted catalyst, the addition of promoters positively impacted catalytic performance, activity, and stability. XRD analysis showed that Cr addition had detrimental effects on the crystallite<span> structure of the Ni/SBA-15-POFA catalyst. In contrast, Zr, Ce, and La additions significantly reduced the crystallite size and improved active metal dispersion. Overall, the Zr-promoted catalyst exhibited the best performance in terms of activity and stability, with a CH</span></span>₄ conversion of 90 % and CO₂ conversion of 94.4 %. The spent catalyst characterization, including XRD, FESEM, O₂<span>-TPO, and RAMAN, showed that promoter addition significantly reduced carbon deposition. The stable and superior perfromance of Zr-promoted catalyst was attributed to the production of MWCNTs<span>. Conversely, the rapid deactivation of the unpromoted catalyst may be due to the formation of amorphous carbon, which tends to quickly block active sites and reduce the catalytic activity.</span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry","volume":"141 ","pages":"Pages 104-120"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141518137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}