Cell StressPub Date : 2019-09-13DOI: 10.15698/cst2019.10.201
Shamaila Munir, M. Lundsager, M. Jørgensen, M. Hansen, Trine H Petersen, C. Bonefeld, C. Friese, Ö. Met, P. Straten, M. Andersen
{"title":"Inflammation induced PD-L1-specific T cells","authors":"Shamaila Munir, M. Lundsager, M. Jørgensen, M. Hansen, Trine H Petersen, C. Bonefeld, C. Friese, Ö. Met, P. Straten, M. Andersen","doi":"10.15698/cst2019.10.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15698/cst2019.10.201","url":null,"abstract":"PD-L1-specific T cells are a natural part of the T-cell repertoire in humans. Hence, we have previously described spontaneous CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell reactivity against PD-L1 in the peripheral blood of patients with various cancers as well as in healthy donors. It is well described that the expression of the PD-L1 protein is introduced in cells by pro-inflammatory cytokines, e.g. IFN-γ. In the current study, we were able to directly link inflammation with PD-L1-specific T cells by showing that inflammatory mediators such as IFN-γ generate measurable numbers of PD-L1-specific T cells in human PBMCs as well as in in vivo models. These PD-L1-specific T cells can vigorously modulate the cell compartments of the local environment. PD-L1-specific T cells may be important for immune homeostasis by sustaining the ongoing inflammatory response by the suppression of regulatory cell function both directly and indirectly.","PeriodicalId":36371,"journal":{"name":"Cell Stress","volume":"3 1","pages":"319 - 327"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43266601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gold Nanoparticles sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine.","authors":"Yanyan Huai, Yushan Zhang, Xunhao Xiong, Shamik Das, Resham Bhattacharya, Priyabrata Mukherjee","doi":"10.15698/cst2019.08.195","DOIUrl":"10.15698/cst2019.08.195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest solid cancers with dismal prognosis. Several mechanisms that are mainly responsible for aggressiveness and therapy resistance of PDAC cells include epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), stemness and Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling. Strategies that inhibit these mechanisms are critically important to improve therapeutic outcome in PDAC. In the current study, we wanted to investigate whether gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) could sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine. We demonstrated that treatment with AuNPs of 20 nm diameter inhibited migration and colony forming ability of pancreatic cancer cells. Pre-treatment with AuNPs sensitized pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine in both viability and colony forming assays. Mechanistically, pre-treatment of pancreatic cancer cells with AuNPs decreased gemcitabine induced EMT, stemness and MAPK activation. Taken together, these findings suggest that AuNPs could be considered as a potential agent to sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine.</p>","PeriodicalId":36371,"journal":{"name":"Cell Stress","volume":"3 8","pages":"267-279"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6702449/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41180164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cell StressPub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.15698/cst2019.09.198
Seila Lorenzo-Herrero, Christian Sordo-Bahamonde, Segundo González, Alejandro López-Soto
{"title":"Immunosurveillance of cancer cell stress.","authors":"Seila Lorenzo-Herrero, Christian Sordo-Bahamonde, Segundo González, Alejandro López-Soto","doi":"10.15698/cst2019.09.198","DOIUrl":"10.15698/cst2019.09.198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer development is tightly controlled by effector immune responses that recognize and eliminate malignantly transformed cells. Nonetheless, certain immune subsets, such as tumor-associated macrophages, have been described to promote tumor growth, unraveling a double-edge role of the immune system in cancer. Cell stress can modulate the crosstalk between immune cells and tumor cells, reshaping tumor immunogenicity and/or immune function and phenotype. Infiltrating immune cells are exposed to the challenging conditions typically present in the tumor microenvironment. In return, the myriad of signaling pathways activated in response to stress conditions may tip the balance toward stimulation of antitumor responses or immune-mediated tumor progression. Here, we explore how distinct situations of cellular stress influence innate and adaptive immunity and the consequent impact on cancer establishment and progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":36371,"journal":{"name":"Cell Stress","volume":"3 1","pages":"295-309"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6732214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43622671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cell StressPub Date : 2019-06-26DOI: 10.15698/cst2019.07.193
Maite Álvarez, I. Otano, Luna Minute, M. Ochoa, E. Pérez-Ruiz, I. Melero, P. Berraondo
{"title":"Impact of prophylactic TNF blockade in the dual PD-1 and CTLA-4 immunotherapy efficacy and toxicity","authors":"Maite Álvarez, I. Otano, Luna Minute, M. Ochoa, E. Pérez-Ruiz, I. Melero, P. Berraondo","doi":"10.15698/cst2019.07.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15698/cst2019.07.193","url":null,"abstract":"The TNF blockade therapy is currently a well-established treatment option for a variety of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis or Crohn's disease, given the proinflammatory role of TNF in the course of these diseases. Importantly, TNF neutralization is also used for the treatment of corticosteroid-refractory immune-related adverse events (irAEs) induced by the combined anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy. The manifestation of these toxicities is an important limiting factor for the successful implementation of the inhibitory checkpoint blockade therapy (ICB), restraining its anti-tumor efficacy. In our recent study (Perez-Ruiz et al., Nature 569(7756): 428-432.), we analyzed the potential impact of prophylactic TNF neutralization therapy in the anti-PD1/CTLA-4 efficacy. Through several mouse models, we demonstrated that TNF neutralization ameliorated ICB-exacerbated colitis in addition to improving ICB-dependent anti-tumor efficacy. Similar results were obtained after prophylactic TNF blockade in graft vs host xenografted mouse models with human immune cells, which showed a reduction in colitis and hepatitis. Importantly, there was a preservation of the immunotherapeutic control of xenografted tumors after ICB treatment. Moreover, TNF and TNF-dependent gene expression is upregulated in the colon mucosa from patients affected by colitis as a side effect of ipilimumab and nivolumab. Our results, thus, provide evidence of the successful combination of prophylactic TNF neutralization with ICB therapy strategy to ameliorate toxicities, while keeping or even ameliorating anti-tumor efficacy. The prophylactic TNF blockade strategy is clinically feasible since excellent TNF inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of autoimmunity and are used for the immune-related serious adverse events in immunotherapy.","PeriodicalId":36371,"journal":{"name":"Cell Stress","volume":"3 1","pages":"236 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46976440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cell StressPub Date : 2019-06-07DOI: 10.15698/cst2019.08.194
Federica M Marelli-Berg, Dunja Aksentijevic
{"title":"Immunometabolic cross-talk in the inflamed heart.","authors":"Federica M Marelli-Berg, Dunja Aksentijevic","doi":"10.15698/cst2019.08.194","DOIUrl":"10.15698/cst2019.08.194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory processes underlie many diseases associated with injury of the heart muscle, including conditions without an obvious inflammatory pathogenic component such as hypertensive and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Persistence of cardiac inflammation can cause irreversible structural and functional deficits. Some are induced by direct damage of the heart muscle by cellular and soluble mediators but also by metabolic adaptations sustained by the inflammatory microenvironment. It is well established that both cardiomyocytes and immune cells undergo metabolic reprogramming in the site of inflammation, which allow them to deal with decreased availability of nutrients and oxygen. However, like in cancer, competition for nutrients and increased production of signalling metabolites such as lactate initiate a metabolic cross-talk between immune cells and cardiomyocytes which, we propose, might tip the balance between resolution of the inflammation versus adverse cardiac remodeling. Here we review our current understanding of the metabolic reprogramming of both heart tissue and immune cells during inflammation, and we discuss potential key mechanisms by which these metabolic responses intersect and influence each other and ultimately define the prognosis of the inflammatory process in the heart.</p>","PeriodicalId":36371,"journal":{"name":"Cell Stress","volume":"3 1","pages":"240-266"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2019-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6702448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42407725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cell StressPub Date : 2019-06-04DOI: 10.15698/cst2019.07.192
Pauline Hanns, Anna M. Paczulla, M. Medinger, M. Konantz, C. Lengerke
{"title":"Stress and catecholamines modulate the bone marrow microenvironment to promote tumorigenesis","authors":"Pauline Hanns, Anna M. Paczulla, M. Medinger, M. Konantz, C. Lengerke","doi":"10.15698/cst2019.07.192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15698/cst2019.07.192","url":null,"abstract":"High vascularization and locally secreted factors make the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment particularly hospitable for tumor cells and bones to a preferred metastatic site for disseminated cancer cells of different origins. Cancer cell homing and proliferation in the BM are amongst other regulated by complex interactions with BM niche cells (e.g. osteoblasts, endothelial cells and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)), resident hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and pro-angiogenic cytokines leading to enhanced BM microvessel densities during malignant progression. Stress and catecholamine neurotransmitters released in response to activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) reportedly modulate various BM cells and may thereby influence cancer progression. Here we review the role of catecholamines during tumorigenesis with particular focus on pro-tumorigenic effects mediated by the BM niche.","PeriodicalId":36371,"journal":{"name":"Cell Stress","volume":"3 1","pages":"221 - 235"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49188070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cell StressPub Date : 2019-05-27DOI: 10.15698/cst2019.06.189
Anuj Rastogi, Piyush Joshi, Ela Contreras, Vivian Gama
{"title":"Remodeling of mitochondrial morphology and function: an emerging hallmark of cellular reprogramming.","authors":"Anuj Rastogi, Piyush Joshi, Ela Contreras, Vivian Gama","doi":"10.15698/cst2019.06.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15698/cst2019.06.189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research in the stem cell field has traditionally focused on understanding key transcriptional factors that provide pluripotent cell identity. However, much less is known about other critical non-transcriptional signaling networks that govern stem cell identity. Although we continue to gain critical insights into the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial morphology and function during cellular reprogramming - the process of reverting the fate of a differentiated cell into a stem cell, many uncertainties remain. Recent studies suggest an emerging landscape in which mitochondrial morphology and function have an active role in maintaining and regulating changes in cell identity. In this review, we will focus on these emerging concepts as crucial modulators of cellular reprogramming. Recognition of the widespread applicability of these concepts will increase our understanding of the mitochondrial mechanisms involved in cell identity, cell fate and disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":36371,"journal":{"name":"Cell Stress","volume":"3 6","pages":"181-194"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6558935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37356591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cell StressPub Date : 2019-05-21DOI: 10.15698/cst2019.06.188
Laura Keller, Stefan Werner, Klaus Pantel
{"title":"Biology and clinical relevance of EpCAM.","authors":"Laura Keller, Stefan Werner, Klaus Pantel","doi":"10.15698/cst2019.06.188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15698/cst2019.06.188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily known to mediate homotypic cell contacts in epithelia tissues. Because EpCAM expression is limited to normal and malignant epithelia, it has been used as diagnostic marker for the detection of carcinoma cells in mesenchymal organs such as blood, bone marrow or lymph nodes. In particular, the detection and molecular characterization of EpCAM-positive circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood of carcinoma patients has gained considerable interest over the past ten years. EpCAM is primarily considered as an adhesion molecule, but recent studies have shown diverse biological functions including regulation of cell proliferation and cancer stemness. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the biological properties of EpCAM with emphasis on mechanisms involved in cancer progression and discuss the clinical implications of these findings for the clinical use of EpCAM as a diagnostic marker.</p>","PeriodicalId":36371,"journal":{"name":"Cell Stress","volume":"3 6","pages":"165-180"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2019-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6558934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37356590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent progress in the role of autophagy in neurological diseases.","authors":"Tian Meng, Shiyin Lin, Haixia Zhuang, Haofeng Huang, Zhengjie He, Yongquan Hu, Qing Gong, Du Feng","doi":"10.15698/cst2019.05.186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15698/cst2019.05.186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autophagy (here refers to macroautophagy) is a catabolic pathway by which large protein aggregates and damaged organelles are first sequestered into a double-membraned structure called autophago-some and then delivered to lysosome for destruction. Recently, tremen-dous progress has been made to elucidate the molecular mechanism and functions of this essential cellular metabolic process. In addition to being either a rubbish clearing system or a cellular surviving program in response to different stresses, autophagy plays important roles in a large number of pathophysiological conditions, such as cancer, diabetes, and especially neurodegenerative disorders. Here we review recent progress in the role of autophagy in neurological diseases and discuss how dysregulation of autophagy initiation, autophagosome formation, maturation, and/or au-tophagosome-lysosomal fusion step contributes to the pathogenesis of these disorders in the nervous system.</p>","PeriodicalId":36371,"journal":{"name":"Cell Stress","volume":"3 5","pages":"141-161"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2019-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15698/cst2019.05.186","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37352653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cell StressPub Date : 2019-04-26DOI: 10.15698/cst2019.05.187
Simone L Park, Laura K Mackay, Jason Waithman, Thomas Gebhardt
{"title":"Tissue-resident memory T cells orchestrate tumour-immune equilibrium.","authors":"Simone L Park, Laura K Mackay, Jason Waithman, Thomas Gebhardt","doi":"10.15698/cst2019.05.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15698/cst2019.05.187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The immune system can prevent tumour development by engaging in a process termed cancer immunosurveillance, during which immune cells such as T cells restrict tumour growth either by completely eradicating cancer cells in a process of 'elimination' or by suppressing cancer cell outgrowth by establishing a state of tumour-immune 'equilibrium'. Most cancers develop within epithelial layers of tissues but circulating T cells are largely excluded from these epithelial tissue compartments in the absence of infection or overt inflammation. In contrast, CD8<sup>+</sup> tissue-resident memory T (T<sub>RM</sub>) cells reside permanently within epithelial layers of peripheral tissues without recirculating in blood. Accumulating evidence suggests that T<sub>RM</sub> cells are found in diverse human solid cancers where they correlate with improved prognosis and can protect against tumour challenge in mice. However, the mechanisms through which these cells mediate cancer protection are poorly understood. In our recent study (Park SL et al, Nature 565(7739), 2019) we developed a melanoma model that allowed us to identify a critical role for T<sub>RM</sub> cells in the establishment and maintenance of tumour-immune equilibrium in skin. Our findings provide insight into the immune cell populations important for maintaining long-term tumour dormancy in peripheral tissues and imply that targeting T<sub>RM</sub> cells may serve as a novel cancer treatment strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":36371,"journal":{"name":"Cell Stress","volume":"3 5","pages":"162-164"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6551858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37352652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}