Global Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Commentary: On measurement error, PSA doubling time, and prostate cancer","authors":"Lawrence L. Kupper ,&nbsp;Sandra L. Martin ,&nbsp;Christopher J. Wretman","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2023.100129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2023.100129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Exposure measurement error is a pervasive problem for epidemiology research projects designed to provide valid and precise statistical evidence supporting postulated exposure-disease relationships of interest. The purpose of this commentary is to highlight an important real-life example of this exposure measurement error problem and to provide a simple and useful diagnostic tool for physicians and their patients that corrects for the exposure measurement error. More specifically, prostate-specific antigen doubling time (PSADT) is a widely used measure for guiding future treatment options for patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer. Numerous papers have been published claiming that a low calculated PSADT value (denoted <span><math><mover><mtext>PSADT</mtext><mo>̂</mo></mover></math></span>) is predictive of metastasis and premature death from prostate cancer. Unfortunately, none of these papers have adjusted for the measurement error in <span><math><mover><mtext>PSADT</mtext><mo>̂</mo></mover></math></span>, an estimator that is typically computed using the popular Memorial Sloan Kettering website very often visited by both physicians and their patients. For this website, the estimator <span><math><mover><mtext>PSADT</mtext><mo>̂</mo></mover></math></span> of the true (but unknown) PSADT for a patient (denoted PSADT^∗) is computed as the natural log of 2 (i.e., 0.6931) divided by the estimated slope of the straight-line regression of the natural log of PSA (in ng/mL) on time. We utilize <span><math><mover><mtext>PSADT</mtext><mo>̂</mo></mover></math></span> to derive an expression for the probability that the unknown PSADT^∗ for a patient is below a specified value C (<span><math><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>0</mn></math></span>) of concern to both the physician and the patient. This probability is easy to interpret and takes into account the fact that <span><math><mover><mtext>PSADT</mtext><mo>̂</mo></mover></math></span> is a statistical estimator with variability. This variability introduces measurement error, namely, the difference between a computed value <span><math><mover><mtext>PSADT</mtext><mo>̂</mo></mover></math></span> and the true, but unknown, value PSADT^∗. We have developed an Excel calculator that, once the [time, ln(PSA)] values are entered, outputs both the value of <span><math><mover><mtext>PSADT</mtext><mo>̂</mo></mover></math></span> and the desired probability. In addition, we discuss problematic statistical issues attendant with PSADT^∗ estimation typically based on at most three or four PSA values. We strongly recommend the use of this probability when physicians are discussing <span><math><mover><mtext>PSADT</mtext><mo>̂</mo></mover></math></span> values and associated treatment options with their patients. And, we stress that future epidemiology research projects involving PSA doubling time should take into account the measurement error problem highlighted in this Comment","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590113323000329/pdfft?md5=71d5903249a9e080067e9347ec66ce2c&pid=1-s2.0-S2590113323000329-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135764242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-COVID-19 syndrome: Descriptive analysis based on a survivors' cohort in Colombia","authors":"Martin Romero ,&nbsp;Martha Caicedo ,&nbsp;Andrea Díaz ,&nbsp;Delia Ortega ,&nbsp;Claudia Llanos ,&nbsp;Alejandro Concha ,&nbsp;Andrés Vallejo ,&nbsp;Fernando Valdés ,&nbsp;César González","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2023.100126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloepi.2023.100126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The prevalence of post-COVID-19 Syndrome (PCS) is estimated to be between 10% and 20%. The main reported symptoms are fatigue, memory alterations, dyspnea, sleep disorders, arthralgia, anxiety, taste alterations, coughing and depression. This study aims to determine the prevalence of post-COVID-19 symptoms in a group of Colombian patients who were recruited during their outpatient appointments.</p></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><p>This cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2021 to May 2022. It included patients from outpatient facilities located in five main cities in Colombia who were positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing and reported PCS in the following 12 weeks after their COVID-19 diagnosis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 1047 individuals &gt;18 years old met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. The median age was 46 years old. 68.2% of the participants were female, 41.5% of the patients reported having a pre-existent condition (hypertension, anxiety disorder, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, obesity and asthma). Only 22% had received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine prior to the COVID-19 episode registered. The more prevalent symptoms within our group are described as follows: fatigue (53.3%), dyspnea (40.3%), arthralgia and/or myalgia (43%), cephalea (40.5%), sleep disorders (35.7%) and coughing (31.3%). 72% of the patients presented four or more post-COVID 19 symptoms, 9% two symptoms, and 10% only one symptom.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings of this study are consistent with international literature publicly available. The distribution and prevalence of post-COVID symptoms highlight the importance of further research to improve understanding and its potential consequences and implications in terms of quality of life and health care planning services.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590113323000299/pdfft?md5=28adb9e002efc6356b33d175e3e3d11e&pid=1-s2.0-S2590113323000299-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91640276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical concern of tobacco consumption among pregnant and lactating women in India: A call for comprehensive data and intervention strategies","authors":"Shruti Singh ,&nbsp;Gargi Sarode ,&nbsp;Rahul Anand ,&nbsp;Namrata Sengupta ,&nbsp;Sachin C. Sarode","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2023.100125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloepi.2023.100125","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590113323000287/pdfft?md5=65bb830cc6dc221ff3b62a8b1f84f2a1&pid=1-s2.0-S2590113323000287-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91591652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Nipah outbreak in India: A plea for immediate action","authors":"Poonam Suryawanshi ,&nbsp;Sachin Sarode ,&nbsp;Srikant Tripathy","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2023.100123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2023.100123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7c/f2/main.PMC10585320.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49692806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the prevalence of COVID-19 cases through the analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RNA copies derived from wastewater samples from North Dakota","authors":"Bong-Jin Choi ,&nbsp;Scott Hoselton ,&nbsp;Grace N. Njau ,&nbsp;I.G.C.G. Idamawatta ,&nbsp;Paul Carson ,&nbsp;John McEvoy","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2023.100124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2023.100124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The SARS-CoV-2 virus was first detected in December 2019, which prompted many researchers to investigate how the virus spreads. SARS-CoV-2 is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets. Symptoms of the SARS-CoV-2 virus appear after an incubation period. Moreover, the asymptomatic infected individuals unknowingly spread the virus. Detecting infected people requires daily tests and contact tracing, which are expensive. The early detection of infectious diseases, including COVID-19, can be achieved with wastewater-based epidemiology, which is timely and cost-effective. In this study, we collected wastewater samples from wastewater treatment plants in several cities in North Dakota and then extracted viral RNA copies. We used log-RNA copies in the model to predict the number of infected cases using Quantile Regression (QR) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) Regression. The model's performance was evaluated by comparing the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The QR model performs well in cities where the population is &gt;<span><math><mn>10000</mn></math></span>. In addition, the model predictions were compared with the basic Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model which is the golden standard model for infectious diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d1/0e/main.PMC10594563.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50163083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hysterectomy and thyroid cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Roberto Fabiani ,&nbsp;Patrizia Rosignoli ,&nbsp;Irene Giacchetta ,&nbsp;Manuela Chiavarini","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2023.100122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2023.100122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Incidence rates of thyroid cancer have increased. Recent studies findings suggest that women who underwent a hysterectomy have an elevated relative risk of thyroid cancer. The aim of our meta-analysis is to summarize the evidence about the association between hysterectomy and thyroid cancer risk.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus database were searched for studies published up to 5 September 2023. The PRISMA statement was followed. Heterogeneity was explored with Q statistic and the I2 statistic. Publication bias was assessed with Begg's and Egger's tests.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Sixteen studies met the criteria. The pooled analysis showed a significantly 64% increment of thyroid cancer risk in association with any hysterectomy (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.48–1.81; I2 = 28.68%, <em>p</em> = 0.156). Hysterectomy without oophorectomy was a stronger predictor of risk than hysterectomy with oophorectomy. The pooled analysis of data regarding hysterectomy without oophorectomy showed a statistically significant increment of thyroid cancer risk by 59%. Hysterectomy with oophorectomy was associated with an increase of thyroid cancer risk of 39% (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.16–1.67; I2 = 42.10%, <em>p</em> = 0.049). Significant publication bias was not detected.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings help with decision making around these surgeries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10582318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49683126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Literature landscape of neurodevelopment and pesticides: A scoping review of methodologies","authors":"Jennifer E. Reed ,&nbsp;Carol J. Burns ,&nbsp;Federica Pisa","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2023.100121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2023.100121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pesticides are highly tested and regulated chemicals. There is currently great interest in the role that pesticides may play in childhood neurodevelopment. The objective was to identify and describe the body of evidence and to assess the ability to synthesize effect estimates. The epidemiologic literature from 2011 to 2022 was searched for publications on the association between pesticide exposure and neurodevelopment, behavior, and/or cognition in children. We identified 114 publications, representing 67 unique studies. While organochlorine and other insecticides were the most common classes of pesticides studied, up to 159 different metabolites or active ingredients were reported. Nine pesticides or their metabolites were reported in &gt;10 publications. Similarly, multiple assessment methods were administered across studies to evaluate outcomes in neurodevelopment at ages which ranged from birth to 18 years of age. This scoping review reveals the heterogeneity among published studies with respect to exposures and health outcomes, in the methods used to assess and classify them, and in combinations of the two. This limits the adequacy of the evidence to evaluate specific risk estimates for a particular exposure-outcome pair. Intentional coordination among researchers to increase consistency in methodologies would facilitate the synthesis of results across studies. Research opportunities also exist to validate assumptions in exposure and outcome assessment which are implicit in many of the studies reviewed. In conclusion, there are many ongoing epidemiologic studies with a focus on pesticides and neurodevelopment. The variety of exposures, exposure assessment methods and tests for each outcome can be overwhelming. Interdisciplinary collaboration is recommended to harmonize data collection and to enable meaningful interpretation of the study results across populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/db/b6/main.PMC10539886.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41177130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjustment for collider bias in the hospitalized Covid-19 setting","authors":"Moslem Taheri Soodejani ,&nbsp;Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hassan Lotfi ,&nbsp;Maryam Nazemipour ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ali Mansournia","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2023.100120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2023.100120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Causal directed acyclic graphs (cDAGs) are frequently used to identify confounding and collider bias. We demonstrate how to use causal directed acyclic graphs to adjust for collider bias in the hospitalized Covid-19 setting.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>According to the cDAGs, three types of modeling have been performed. In model 1, only vaccination is entered as an independent variable. In model 2, in addition to vaccination, age is entered the model to adjust for collider bias due to the conditioning of hospitalization. In model 3, comorbidities are also included for adjustment of collider bias due to the conditioning of hospitalization in different biasing paths intercepting age and comorbidities.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There was no evidence of the effect of vaccination on preventing death due to Covid-19 in model 1. In the second model, where age was included as a covariate, a protective role for vaccination became evident. In model 3, after including chronic diseases as other covariates, the protective effect was slightly strengthened.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Studying hospitalized patients is subject to collider-stratification bias. Like confounding, this type of selection bias can be adjusted for by inclusion of the risk factors of the outcome which also affect hospitalization in the regression model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47703643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moral controversies and academic public health: Notes on navigating and surviving academic freedom challenges","authors":"Tyler J. VanderWeele","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2023.100119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2023.100119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Schools of public health often serve both as public health advocacy organizations and as academic units within a university. These two roles, however, can sometimes come into conflict. I experienced this conflict directly at the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health in holding and expressing unpopular minority viewpoints on certain moral controversies. In this essay I describe my experiences and their relation to questions of academic freedom, population health promotion, and efforts at working together across differing moral systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41663477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence trend analysis of tuberculosis in Khuzestan Province, southwest of Iran: 2010–2019","authors":"Seyed Mohammad Alavi ,&nbsp;Mostafa Enayatrad ,&nbsp;Bahman Cheraghian ,&nbsp;Neda Amoori","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2023.100118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2023.100118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Identifying the trend of diseases and its changes over time can be highly important in evaluating the extent and method of achieving strategies for controlling them, developing health indicators, and health planning. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of tuberculosis.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>As a repeated cross-sectional study in which the population under study was a census, this study involved all tuberculosis cases registered in 21 cities of Southwest of Iran, from 2010 to 2019. Data were obtained from the National System of Notification of Tuberculosis and included variables related to age, sex and Disease consequence. Segmented regression models were used to analyze the trend of tuberculosis changes. Also, data analysis software- Join Point Regression version 5.0.2 was used for data analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results of evaluating the trend of tuberculosis from 2010 to 2019 showed no change in the general trend of tuberculosis and an annual 0.84% (95% CI: ‐5.17 to 6.82) increase in incidence rate is observed in the trend. Also, the findings of join point regression analysis show that between 2010 and 2013, an annual 18.10% (95% CI: 8.78 to 34.89) increase in the incidence of tuberculosis, and between 2013 and 2019, annual −5.42% (95% CI: −10.04 to −2.22) decrease in the incidence of tuberculosis was observed. From 2010 to 2012, a 33.10% (95% CI: 15.77 to 48.06) annual increase in the incidence of tuberculosis in males and − 9.47% (95%CI: −14.02 to −6.33) annual decrease in the incidence of tuberculosis in females was observed.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The results of this study showed that the incidence of tuberculosis had an upward trend from 2010 to 2013 and a downward trend from 2013 onwards.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10445994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10101286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}