Global Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"An AI assistant for critically assessing and synthesizing clusters of journal articles","authors":"Louis Anthony Cox Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current large language models (LLMs) face significant challenges in attempting to synthesize and critically assess conflicting causal claims in scientific literature about exposure-associated health effects. This paper examines the design and performance of AIA2, an experimental AI system (freely available at <span><span>http://cloud.cox-associates.com/</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>) designed to help explore and illustrate potential applications of current AI in assisting analysis of clusters of related scientific articles, focusing on causal claims in complex domains such as epidemiology, toxicology, and risk analysis. Building on an earlier AI assistant, AIA1, which critically reviewed causal claims in individual papers, AIA2 advances the approach by systematically comparing multiple studies to identify areas of agreement and disagreement, suggest explanations for differences in conclusions, flag methodological gaps and inconsistencies, synthesize and summarize well-supported conclusions despite conflicts, and propose recommendations to help resolve knowledge gaps. We illustrate these capabilities with a case study of formaldehyde exposure and leukemia using a cluster of four papers that feature very different approaches and partly conflicting conclusions. AIA2 successfully identifies major points of agreement and contention, discusses the robustness of the evidence for causal claims, and recommends future research directions to address current uncertainties. AIA2's outputs suggest that current AI can offer a promising, practicable approach to AI-assisted review of clusters of papers, promoting methodological rigor, thoroughness, and transparency in review and synthesis, notwithstanding current limitations of LLMs. We discuss the implications of AI-assisted literature review systems for improving evidence-based decision-making, resolving conflicting scientific claims, and promoting rigor and reproducibility in causal research and health risk analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting spatial clusters of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iraq in 2023","authors":"Hanan Abdulghafoor Khaleel ,&nbsp;Riyadh Abdulameer Alhilfi ,&nbsp;Sabrina Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Since the start of the first large outbreak of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) in Iraq in 2022, there has been no assessment of clustering of cases by district. The aim of this study is to identify clusters of high and low incidences of human CCHF to guide preventive and control measures, and distribute limited resources.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a cross-sectional study of reported and confirmed CCHF cases in Iraq from January 1, 2023 to December 11, 2023. We used a retrospective purely spatial Poisson scan statistic model to identify clusters of high and low incidences of CCHF at the district level (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>There were 580 confirmed CCHF cases, distributed in 149 districts. The incidence was 1.3 per 100,000. There were eight statistically significant clusters (three high-incidence and five low-incidence). The three high-incidence clusters were in the southeast while the five low-incidence clusters were mostly in the north and middle-east Iraq.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>There is evidence of CCHF clustering in 40 districts in six governorates in south and mid-east Iraq. Additionally, there is evidence of low-incidence clustering of CCHF in 17 governorates, in north and central Iraq, and a risk for future outbreaks. Identifying clusters allows for focused preventive activities, such as insecticide spraying to reduce the tick population, controlling the spread of ticks by treating animals with repellents and other chemicals, and modifying landscapes. Distributing educational materials about handling meat and livestock products and engaging the community can help reduce exposure to ticks and the spread of disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the use of natural language processing to implement the target trial framework using unstructured data from the electronic health record","authors":"Nicole Rafalko ,&nbsp;Milena Gianfrancesco ,&nbsp;Neal D. Goldstein","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing availability and accessibility of electronic health record (EHR) data has made it a rich secondary source to conduct comparative effectiveness studies. To perform such studies, many researchers are turning to the target trial framework (TTF) to emulate the hypothetical randomized clinical trial. The quality of this emulation depends, in part, on the availability and accessibility of data for each component of the TTF. Yet one overarching challenge with using EHR data is that unstructured fields, such as clinical encounter notes, contain copious details on the patient yet require additional steps to extract if needed in the conduct of the study. Natural language processing (NLP) represents a spectrum of methods to assist with automating this extraction, from simpler rule-based methods to machine learning and artificial intelligence approaches that can handle complex language structures. What follows is a discussion on how NLP methods can augment information and data for researchers looking to estimate a treatment effect using EHR data via the TTF to emulate the hypothetical clinical trial. We conclude with recommendations for researchers interested in using NLP methods to obtain data stored in the free text of the EHR as well as considerations regarding the quality and validity of this data for the TTF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calculating preventable risk fractions for exposure-reducing interventions","authors":"Louis Anthony Cox Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>How can causal models be used to quantify the fractions of risk associated with environmental and occupational exposures that would be prevented by reducing exposures by different amounts? This paper provides a constructive answer. It introduces three key metrics — Interventional Probability of Causation (IPoC), Causal Assigned Shares (CAS), and Preventable Risk Fraction (PRF) curves — to help overcome the limitations of traditional association-based metrics, such as Population Attributable Fractions (PAFs), which are sometimes misused to answer interventional causal questions. The tools introduced here provide scenario-specific, individual-level predictions of risk reductions grounded in mechanistic causality rather than associations. Using case studies of benzene exposure and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), smoking and lung cancer, and blood lead levels and mortality, we demonstrate how PRF curves quantify the potential risk-reduction benefits caused by exposure reductions at both the individual and population levels, even under uncertainty or heterogeneity. Monte Carlo simulations capture inter-individual variability, and scenario analyses identify practical thresholds where additional exposure reductions yield minimal added benefit. These methods can provide evidence-based assessments of how specific exposure reductions affect risk. By shifting the focus from attribution to prevention of harm, this framework can potentially advance risk assessment, policy development, and legal decision-making. It offers a simple, easily visualized, transparent, and scientifically rigorous approach to identifying causally effective interventions and quantifying risk-reduction benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Talc, ovarian cancer, and recall bias in the sister study","authors":"Julie E. Goodman ,&nbsp;Denali Boon ,&nbsp;Robyn L. Prueitt","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>O'Brien et al. [<span><span>6</span></span>] reported on the patterns and reliability of self-reported talc use in the Sister Study, a US-based prospective cohort study of women aged 35–74 who had a sister with a history of breast cancer. They found that among certain groups of women, reported use of talc was different at baseline and follow-up. O'Brien et al. [<span><span>7</span></span>] evaluated the association between talc and ovarian cancer in this cohort and conducted a quantitative bias analysis (QBA), reporting evidence for differential recall of talc use at baseline and follow-up, which likely increased the magnitude of risk estimates based on recall at follow-up. Additional analyses (e.g., using distributions of recall bias rather than fixed point estimates) may allow for a more complete characterization of the potential impact of recall bias, including a better characterization of the uncertainty around the bias-corrected effect estimates. Future analyses that evaluate recall and other biases more comprehensively, particularly with respect to more fully addressing uncertainty, will contribute to a better understanding of the magnitude of the impact of differential recall on estimated risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of access to stroke diagnostics, treatment, rehabilitation, and outcome between men and women","authors":"Josefine Grundtvig ,&nbsp;Katrine Sværke ,&nbsp;Mathilde Preskou ,&nbsp;Louisa Marguerite Christensen ,&nbsp;Thorsten Steiner ,&nbsp;Hanne Christensen","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>We aimed to compare access to diagnostics, treatment, rehabilitation, and outcome in women and men with stroke.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this observational study we used routinely-collected, aggregate health data from all patients admitted with a stroke in the Capital Region and Region Zealand, Denmark from May 2016 until October 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 28,855 stroke patients (55 % men, 45 % women), women were older (53 % women vs. 47 % men with age &gt; 75 years). Overall, women had reduced access to: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; 40 % vs. 43 %, CI 95 %: 1.06–1.16), computer tomography (CT)-angiography (25 % vs. 28 %, CI95%: 1.07–1.19), carotid ultrasound (48 % vs. 52 %, CI95%: 1.12–1.23), thrombolysis (16 % vs. 18 %, CI95%: 1.13–1.28), and neuropsychological assessment (9 % vs. 16 %, CI95%: 1.70–1.97). Home discharge rates were lower for women (45 % vs. 47 %, CI95%: 1.04–1.15), while in-hospital mortality was higher (8 % vs. 6 %, CI95%: 0.59–0.71). For patients &gt;75 years, women had less access to MRI (34 % vs. 35 %, CI95%: 1–1.16), carotid ultrasound (46 % vs. 51 %, CI95%: 1.13–1.30), thrombolysis (15 % vs. 16 %, CI95%: 1.02–1.24), and neuropsychological assessment (2 % vs. 4 %, CI95%: 1.60–2.42). Women's in-hospital mortality remained higher also in patients &gt;75 years (12 % vs. 8 %, CI95%: 0.62–0.79).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Women had reduced access to testing, treatment, and rehabilitation across all age groups and stroke types. This disparity was most notable in interventions not included in the national quality assessment program.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Chikungunya, Dengue, and West Nile arboviruses in Iran based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Ebrahim Abbasi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Djaefar Moemenbellah-Fard","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Arboviruses, including Chikungunya (CHIKV), Dengue (DENV), and West Nile (WNV) viruses, are significant viral threats that affect numerous people globally each year. This report explores the prevalence of these viruses in Iran through a systematic review and meta-analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The present survey was performed using a systematic review and meta-analysis method on the seroprevalence of WNV, CHIKV, and DENV using the ELISA test. Accordingly, by searching Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and Google Scholar scientific databases, all relevant published papers were sorted out and reviewed. Power ratification of data was conducted with a random effects model in meta-analysis, meta-regression, <em>I</em>^<em>2</em> index, and Egger test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This meta-analysis report embodies twelve published papers between 2000 and 2024. The seroprevalence of positive ELISA tests for WNV in Iran was estimated at 12.9 % (CI = 95 %: 7.4–18.4) and for CHIKV at 6.2 % (CI = 95 %: 0.6–11.8). Regarding DENV, only two studies were conducted, with a zero prevalence in one study and a seroprevalence of 5.6 % in another study.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>According to these data, WNV, CHIKV, and DENV fevers have been detected in Iran using the ELISA test. Considering the seropositivity of WNV and CHIKV and their detection in several provinces, it can be assumed that these viruses are ubiquitous, while DENV fever remains sporadic in Iran.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resurgence in focus: Covid-19 dynamics and optimal control frameworks","authors":"Evans O. Omorogie ,&nbsp;Kolade M. Owolabi ,&nbsp;Bola T. Olabode ,&nbsp;Tunde T. Yusuf ,&nbsp;Edson Pindza","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The resurgence of Covid-19, accompanied by various variants of the virus, highlights the fact that Covid-19 is still present within the population. The study proposed a Covid-19 dynamical model for analyzing the effect of vaccination and the continuous use of non-medical interventions for addressing Covid-19 transmission dynamics. The Lyaponov function and Jacobian matrix techniques were used to analyze the stability of the model's equilibria. The model was transformed into a problem of optimal control with time-dependent variables, aimed at managing efforts to prevent the spread of Covid-19. Numerical assessments were deployed to assess the effect of vaccination and the continuous use of non-medical intervention strategies to mitigate the spread of Covid-19. The global sensitivity analysis of the model was used to detect the key parameters influencing the behavior of the model. In addition, numerical results showed a significant decrease in the basic reproduction rate <span><math><mfenced><msub><mi>ℛ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mfenced></math></span> when implementing <span><math><mi>σ</mi></math></span> and <span><math><mi>ξ</mi></math></span>, either separately or together. The optimal control results suggested that the control measures should be consistently enforced without any relaxation.</div><div>2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 92D30, 93C95, 49 N90, 34H05, 37 N25.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of stroke epidemiology in Vietnam: Insights from GBD 1990–2019 and RES-Q 2017–2023","authors":"Minh Cong Tran ,&nbsp;Lara Prisco ,&nbsp;Phuong Minh Pham ,&nbsp;Huy Quoc Phan ,&nbsp;Mario Ganau ,&nbsp;Nhat Pham ,&nbsp;Linh Huyen Truong ,&nbsp;Proochista Ariana ,&nbsp;Phuong Viet Dao ,&nbsp;Dung Tien Nguyen ,&nbsp;Chi Van Nguyen ,&nbsp;Hoa Thi Truong ,&nbsp;Thang Huy Nguyen ,&nbsp;Jeyaraj Pandian ,&nbsp;Ton Duy Mai ,&nbsp;Andrew Farmery","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Stroke is a significant health burden in Vietnam, with substantial impacts on mortality, morbidity, and healthcare resources. An up-to-date report on stroke epidemiology and associated risk factors in Vietnam was missing.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We analyzed the data published in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019, in combination with the first-time analysis of the Registry of Stroke Care Quality Improvement (RES-Q) initiative in Vietnam from 2017 to 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Comparative analysis globally revealed that Vietnam had one of the highest stroke incidence and prevalence rates in Southeast Asia and ranked 4th in stroke mortality among 11 neighbouring countries. In the RES-Q dataset, 95,696 patients (77 %) were ischemic stroke, 23,203 (18 %) were intracerebral haemorrhage, and 2816 (2 %) were subarachnoid haemorrhage. In GBD 2019, stroke was the leading cause of death among cardiovascular diseases in Vietnam, accounting for 135,999 fatalities. The incidence of stroke was 222 (95 % UIs 206–242) per 100,000 population, with a prevalence of 1541 (1430-1679) per 100,000. Results align with the report from the RES-Q dataset in two megacities of Vietnam: Hanoi (incidence rate of 168.9, prevalence rate of 1182.2) and Ho Chi Minh City (incidence rate of 207.1, prevalence rate of 1221.8). Key risk factors for stroke mortality are high systolic blood pressure (79,000 deaths), unhealthy dietary (43,000 deaths), high fasting plasma glucose (35,000 deaths), and air pollution (33,000 deaths). Incidence is lower in rural Vietnam, but availability and quality of care are higher in megacities.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>The results promote a further understanding of stroke and risk factors for the Vietnamese population and suggest prevention and treatment strategies for the Vietnamese government, including facility and capacity improvement and applications of advanced technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating risk of acquiring SARS-COV2 infection in treatment-experienced PLWH: A case-control study","authors":"Pierluigi Francesco Salvo ,&nbsp;Valentina Iannone ,&nbsp;Francesca Lombardi ,&nbsp;Arturo Ciccullo ,&nbsp;Francesco Lamanna ,&nbsp;Rosa Anna Passerotto ,&nbsp;Gianmaria Baldin ,&nbsp;Rebecca Jo Steiner ,&nbsp;Andrea Carbone ,&nbsp;Valentina Massaroni ,&nbsp;Simona Di Giambenedetto ,&nbsp;Alberto Borghetti","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Risk factors for acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV (PLWH) and the true relationship between HIV and SARS CoV-2, are still not fully understood.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study was to identify the independent risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 acquisition in treatment experienced PLWH, shedding light on potential risk factors associated with SARS CoV-2 infection in PLWH undergoing treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>PLWH were recruited from the Infectious Diseases Outpatient Clinic of Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCS in Italy and randomly interviewed via a questionnaire during their follow-up visits to determine if they had experienced a SARS-CoV-2 infection between March 2020 and June 2022.</div><div>For each participant with reported history of SARS-CoV-2 (cases), two PLWH with no declared COVID-19 infection were selected (controls); PLWH had a similar potential exposure time to SARS-CoV-2. A total 220 PLWH were selected: 72 cases and 148 controls. None developed severe Covid-19 disease and only one participant required hospitalization.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 220 PLWH were enrolled: 72 cases and 148 controls. Characteristics of cases and controls were similar, except for the ART regimen used and the last HIV-RNA concentration before the enrollment date. By an adjusted multivariable logistic regression, the estimated odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection was higher in more recent years (2022 versus 2020 aOR 20.74, 95 % CI 5.26–81.8) and in PLWH with last HIV-RNA &gt;50 cp/mL before enrollment date (versus &lt;50 aOR 4.56, 95 % CI 1.01–20.46). A reduced odds was correlated with &gt;3 vaccine doses (versus &lt;3 or not vaccinated aOR 0.08, 95 % CI 0.02–0.24).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In this cohort, the odds of SARS-CoV-2 acquisition increased over time, probably due to change in lock-down measures and in SARS-CoV-2 circulating variants.Detectable viral load was associated with increased risk of infection, highlighting the importance of HIV-RNA monitoring during pandemics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}