Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology最新文献

{"title":"How knowing others makes us more inclusive: Social identity inclusiveness mediates the effects of contact on out‐group acceptance","authors":"M. Branković, I. Žeželj, Vladimir Turjačanin","doi":"10.1002/jts5.60/v2/response1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jts5.60/v2/response1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49029439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome-based dissonance and Morton's Fork: Evaluative consequences of unfavorable alternatives in the 2016 U.S. presidential election","authors":"Austin D. Eubanks,&nbsp;Scott Eidelman,&nbsp;Derrick F. Till,&nbsp;David Sparkman,&nbsp;Patrick Stewart,&nbsp;Robert H. Wicks","doi":"10.1002/jts5.55","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts5.55","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present research investigates outcome-based dissonance in the 2016 U.S. Presidential election, a context where a significant number of citizens had unfavorable opinions of both candidates. When one is faced with a choice between two unfavorable alternatives, the outcome will be the same (i.e., unfavorable) regardless of the choice. This dilemma of having multiple alternatives leading to the same unfavorable outcome is known as Morton's Fork. Our results, using a national online sample (<i>n = </i>247) suggest that when given the opportunity to choose between a favorable and unfavorable alternative, outcome-based dissonance occurs when the preferred (chosen) alternative is inconsistent with the outcome and dissonance reduction proceeds by reducing the “evaluative spread” (i.e., decreasing evaluations of the chosen/losing alternative and/or increasing evaluations of the rejected/winning alternative). In contrast, outcome-based dissonance is diminished (or nonoccurring) when one chooses between unfavorable choice alternatives. These results suggest that valence of choice alternatives is a relevant factor in the production of outcome-based dissonance. Implications are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":36271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology","volume":"4 1","pages":"21-31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jts5.55","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50763681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How group goal setting mediates the link between individual-level emotion-related factors and team performance","authors":"Laura Petitta,&nbsp;Lixin Jiang","doi":"10.1002/jts5.54","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts5.54","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Goal setting theory states that its principles (i.e., specific, difficult goals lead to higher performance than general tasks) and the four mediating factors (i.e., attention, strategies, effort, and persistence) of the goal–performance link can be generalized to the workgroup level. However, less is known about individual-level emotional dynamics within a team that shape team-level motivation and strategies and subsequent team performance. Using multisource data, we tested a multilevel mediation model that posits fear of dominance among the fellow teammates and emotional contagion of fear as individual-level predictors of the group goal setting (GGS) mechanisms (i.e., directions, effort and persistence, strategies), which in turn simultaneously but differentially predict subsequent team performance. Surveys were administered to 315 athletes nested in 38 sport teams. Performance was measured objectively via team rank. Results suggest that fear of dominance was negatively related to group direction and effort and persistence. More interestingly, emotional contagion of fear negatively predicted strategies, which in turn positively predicted team performance. We add to the literature by demonstrating the cross-level mediating role of GGS factors in the relationship between individual-level emotional contagion of fear and the team-level performance outcome. Our study also contributes to contagion and dominance literatures as well as GGS theorizing, thus bridging the two disparate research fields of individual-level emotion-related processes and GGS. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in light of the relevance of successful performance management as well as of preventing the adverse effects of individual-level dysfunctional affective experience on teamwork motivation and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":36271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology","volume":"4 1","pages":"3-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jts5.54","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46671598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimulus pairing and statement target information have equal effects on stereotype-relevant evaluations of individuals","authors":"Rachel S. Rubinstein,&nbsp;Lee Jussim","doi":"10.1002/jts5.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jts5.53","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present research tested a series of theoretically derived competing hypotheses regarding the extent to which different ways of learning about others influence stereotype-relevant impression formation and reliance on stereotypes in stereotype-relevant target evaluations. First, we examined the extent to which stimulus pairing or statement information about novel White (Study 1) and Black (Study 2) targets' intelligence influenced implicit and explicit impressions of the targets' competence. In both studies, we found that the two modes of information presentation produced equal effects on impression formation at both the implicit and the explicit levels. In a third study, we compared the effectiveness of stimulus pairing and statement information at reducing or eliminating the influence of stereotypes on implicit and explicit person perception. We found that stereotyping in implicit person perception was completely eliminated by both types of information, but found no evidence of explicit stereotype bias even in the absence of individuating information. Together, the results of the three studies suggest that stimulus pairing and statement target information are equally influential in the formation of stereotype-relevant impressions of novel targets and in eliminating the influence of stereotypes on stereotype-relevant target evaluations. These findings provide support for propositional models of implicit evaluations and for dual-process theories allowing for interaction between different learning systems, but do not support dual-systems theories.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Open Practices</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 \u0000 </p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data and materials for all three studies are available at https://osf.io/pd2ht/. Preregistration for Study 2 is available at https://osf.io/mw38p/register/5771ca429ad5a1020de2872e and preregistration for Study 3 is available at https://osf.io/ymebw/register/5771ca429ad5a1020de2872e.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology","volume":"3 4","pages":"231-249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jts5.53","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72312895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimulus pairing and statement target information have equal effects on stereotype-relevant evaluations of individuals","authors":"Rachel S. Rubinstein, L. Jussim","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/9jcaq","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/9jcaq","url":null,"abstract":"The present research tested a series of theoretically derived competing hypotheses regarding the extent to which different ways of learning about others influence stereotype-relevant impression formation and reliance on stereotypes in stereotype-relevant target evaluations. First, we examined the extent to which stimulus pairing or statement information about novel White (Study 1) and Black (Study 2) targets’ intelligence influenced implicit and explicit impressions of the targets’ competence. In both studies, we found that the two modes of information presentation produced equal effects on impression formation at both the implicit and the explicit levels. In a third study, we compared the effectiveness of stimulus pairing and statement information at reducing or eliminating the influence of stereotypes on implicit and explicit person perception. We found that stereotyping in implicit person perception was completely eliminated by both types of information, but found no evidence of explicit stereotype bias even in the absence of individuating information. Together, the results of the three studies suggest that stimulus pairing and statement target information are equally influential in the formation of stereotype-relevant impressions of novel targets and in eliminating the influence of stereotypes on stereotype-relevant target evaluations. These findings provide support for propositional models of implicit evaluations and for dual-process theories allowing for interaction between different learning systems, but do not support dual-systems theories.","PeriodicalId":36271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41334594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When “we” leave “them”: Distinguishing schisms from individual exit","authors":"Joseph A. Wagoner,&nbsp;Nicolas Barreto,&nbsp;Mark J. Rinella","doi":"10.1002/jts5.52","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts5.52","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Schisms</i> occur when a faction breaks away from their parent group to create or to join an already existing group. However, previous researchers who have examined schisms have primarily focused on people's <i>individual intentions to exit</i> their group. This poses two questions: first, does a schism involve both breaking away from a parent group <i>and</i> forming a new group? And second, are the psychological processes that predict individual exit intentions also predicting people's support of schisms, or are there distinct psychological processes involved in a schism? Study 1 (<i>N</i> = 284) confirmed that a schism consists of two subcomponents: <i>subgroup exit</i> and <i>superordinate formation</i>. Study 2 (<i>N</i> = 261) showed that the psychological processes related to individual exit intentions are distinct from those processes related to schisms. Results suggest that support for schisms is distinct from individual exit intentions and that there are unique psychological predictors of schisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":36271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology","volume":"3 4","pages":"216-230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jts5.52","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44529703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who does most of the work? High self-control individuals compensate for low self-control partners","authors":"Iris van Sintemaartensdijk,&nbsp;Francesca Righetti","doi":"10.1002/jts5.47","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts5.47","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accomplishing goals with others can be troublesome. Some people may work extra hard while others do much less. When does this workload asymmetry occur? The present research investigates the role of perceived partners’ self-control in workload distribution. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that high self-control individuals work harder and compensate when they work together with low self-control partners. Results from two studies indicate that high self-control individuals are sensitive to their partners’ level of self-control and adjust their behavior accordingly (i.e., exerting extra effort) when working with them.</p>","PeriodicalId":36271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology","volume":"3 4","pages":"209-215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jts5.47","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47874276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Worldviews and the construal of suffering from depression","authors":"Roman Palitsky,&nbsp;Daniel Sullivan,&nbsp;Isaac F. Young,&nbsp;Sheila Dong","doi":"10.1002/jts5.46","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts5.46","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We examine how worldview differences affect the construal of depression. Two suffering construals are identified: <i>redemptive construals</i>, which emphasize the growth-oriented teleological purpose of depression, and <i>biomedical construals</i>, which emphasize a restorative teleology whereby depression should be pharmacologically treated to return individuals to normal functioning. Due to their assumptions about human nature, we anticipated that <i>humanistic</i> and <i>normativistic</i> worldviews would be associated with redemptive and biomedical construals, respectively. Four studies examined whether these associations are (a) cross-sectionally evident, (b) causal in nature, and (c) impacted by perceived risk for depression. Humanism was positively and causally associated with redemptive construals; this association was strengthened by perceived personal risk for depression. Normativism was consistently positively associated with biomedical construals, except when participants anticipated an assessment of their risk for depression. Furthermore, in one study (Study 1B), normativism was associated with fear-based stigma of a depressed individual (being more likely to view this person as dangerous because of their condition). These results provide initial evidence for our novel theoretical framework, which, in distinction to prior theory and research, highlights the importance of (a) assessing worldview beyond political orientation in explaining depression attitudes and (b) lay teleologies, as distinct from “folk etiologies,” of mental illness. Redemptive and biomedical construals have different implications for phenomena such as treatment adherence and stigma.</p>","PeriodicalId":36271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology","volume":"3 4","pages":"191-208"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jts5.46","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42738590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To resist or not to resist? Investigating the normative features of resistance to persuasion","authors":"Eric Bonetto,&nbsp;Florent Varet,&nbsp;Jaïs Troïan","doi":"10.1002/jts5.44","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts5.44","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Resistance to Persuasion (RP) is an important construct allowing to understand attitude change (or its absence) after persuasive attempts. Theorized as an individual attribute, no research has yet investigated the potential presence of prescriptive norms of judgment surrounding the display of RP by individuals. In line with the prevalence of individualistic values within occidental societies—where individuals are expected to be self-determined, autonomous, self-reliant, confident, and skillful—the present contribution therefore investigated whether displaying RP was subjected to social valorization. A first study, using a self-presentation paradigm (within subjects, <i>N</i> = 106), showed that displaying RP conveyed a negative image of oneself. A second study, using a social judgment task (between subjects, <i>N</i> = 189), showed that targets displaying high RP were seen as less warm but more competent than targets displaying low RP. This effect was conceptually replicated in a third study using a different social judgment task (between subjects, <i>N</i> = 219). These results are interpreted in terms of social power and resistance to social influence. Practical implications are then discussed from two important perspectives: (a) the potential usefulness of power priming as a way to increase RP; (b) social norms surrounding RP as crucial moderators of intervention outcomes (e.g., focusing on critical thinking promotion). The existence of social valorization of not being resistant could be leveraged and could be crucial for applied psychologists, especially to optimize interventions aiming to fight against the spread of conspiracy theories and fake news among the public.</p>","PeriodicalId":36271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology","volume":"3 3","pages":"167-175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jts5.44","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48410539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond shifting intergroup attitudes: Intergroup contact's association with socio-cognitive skills and group-based ideologies","authors":"Sabahat Cigdem Bagci,&nbsp;Zeynep Ecem Piyale,&nbsp;Ezgi Sen,&nbsp;Osman Yildirim","doi":"10.1002/jts5.45","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts5.45","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We investigated intergroup contact's cognitively liberalizing function by testing it's association with socio-cognitive skills (perspective-taking and empathy skills, and cognitive flexibility) and group-based ideologies (ethnocentrism and social dominance orientation [SDO]) among a majority (Turks) and minority (Kurds) status group (total <i>N</i> = 483). We further examined whether these relationships were provided by contact's primary intergroup function—more positive attitudes toward the contacted group. Multigroup structural equation modeling analyses demonstrated that high quality cross-group friendships were directly and negatively related to both ethnocentrism and SDO among the minority group. These associations were mediated by positive outgroup attitudes among the majority group. For both groups, perspective-taking and empathy were significantly predicted by lower levels of ethnocentrism and SDO. Contact also indirectly led to higher cognitive flexibility among both groups. Findings highlight the need to explore more extensively contact's psychological outcomes at the individual level, beyond changing outgroup attitudes.</p>","PeriodicalId":36271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology","volume":"3 3","pages":"176-188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jts5.45","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47656651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}