Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology最新文献

{"title":"Beyond stereotypes: The complexity of attention to racial out-group faces","authors":"Steffanie Guillermo,&nbsp;Joshua Correll","doi":"10.1002/jts5.58","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts5.58","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The current paper seeks to integrate social and cognitive psychological literature to provide a multifaceted understanding of attention to race. Social psychological studies show that participants demonstrate attentional bias to racial out-group versus in-group faces. Most of this research utilizes White participants and examines the attentional bias to Black faces, concluding that threat stereotypes or negative racial attitudes underlie attentional bias. However, visual processing research demonstrates that various stimulus- and perceiver-driven processes impact attention, suggesting that mechanisms other than racial stereotypes may underlie race-based attention. We propose a framework of attention that accounts not only for direct influences of the stimulus and perceiver but also perceiver-stimulus interactions that emerge iteratively over time. We apply this framework to existing research on attention to race, elucidating various processes that can explain the attention to racial out-groups. We propose that our framework can account for attention to race more generally, beyond the oft-used Black versus White paradigm. We argue that mechanisms underlying attentional bias to race encompass complex factors beyond stereotypes and that our framework can account for stimulus, perceiver, and iterative processes that impact attention to race.</p>","PeriodicalId":36271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology","volume":"4 2","pages":"55-74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jts5.58","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"97304889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collective narcissism as a framework for understanding populism","authors":"Agnieszka Golec de Zavala, O. Keenan","doi":"10.1002/jts5.69/v1/decision1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jts5.69/v1/decision1","url":null,"abstract":"Research on national collective narcissism, the belief and resentment that a nation's exceptionality is not sufficiently recognized by others, provides a theoretical framework for understanding the psychological motivations behind the support for right-wing populism. It bridges the findings regarding the economic and sociocultural conditions implicated in the rise of right-wing populism and the findings regarding leadership processes necessary for it to find its political expression. The conditions are interpreted as producing violations to established expectations regarding self-importance via the gradual repeal of the traditional criteria by which members of hegemonic groups evaluated their self-worth. Populist leaders propagate a social identity organized around the collective narcissistic resentment, enhance it, and propose external explanations for frustration of self and in-group-importance. This garners them a committed followership. Research on collective narcissism indicates that distress resulting from violated expectations regarding self-importance stands behind collective narcissism and its narrow vision of “true” national identity (the people), rejection and hostility toward stigmatized in-group members and out-groups as well as the association between collective narcissism and conspiratorial thinking.","PeriodicalId":36271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47186024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Power to the people: Disidentification with the government and the support for populism","authors":"Karolina Urbanska, Samuel Pehrson, S. Guimond","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/h7wbc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/h7wbc","url":null,"abstract":"Populist attitudes have been shown to predict voting behaviour. These attitudes consist of a belief that everyday citizens are better judges of what is best for their own country than politicians and that the political elites are corrupt. As such, a clear ‘us’ (pure and good everyday citizens) and ‘them’ (the evil political elite) rhetoric is present. In the present research, we propose that identification with the government may predict whether people would vote for, and whether they have voted in the past for, a populist party (either from the political left or the political right). The present research (N = 562), carried out among French citizens, showed that lower government identification related to past voting behaviour, current voting intentions and likelihood to switch from a non-populist to a populist party. Identification with the government was also negatively associated to intention to abstain from voting. Moreover, government identification was a stronger predictor of these voting-related outcomes than the recently developed populist attitudes measures. Unexpectedly, national identification was a not a significant predictor of voting behaviour. In conclusion, the present research suggests that the extent to which citizens identify and feel represented by the government should be considered on par with populist attitudes in understanding support for populist parties. Perceiving that the government does not represent everyday people may be sufficient to abandon support for mainstream (non-populist) political parties.","PeriodicalId":36271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology","volume":"5 1","pages":"79-89"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48174871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-interest or joint welfare? Person and situation factors in interpersonal decisions about time","authors":"Johannes Leder,&nbsp;Philina Bartkowiak,&nbsp;Laura K. Niedermanner,&nbsp;Astrid Schütz,&nbsp;Katrin Rentzsch","doi":"10.1002/jts5.56","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts5.56","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While previous research on interpersonal decisions has focused on individual differences or situational determinants, in this paper, we looked at the interplay of situation and personality in decisions that are characterized by a conflict between self-interest and joint welfare. In an online experiment, 185 participants made decisions about the allocation of their own work time and the work time of another anonymous participant. Agency and uncertainty were manipulated between subjects, and social value orientation as well as dispositional envy were assessed. Participants chose between an option that maximized participants' joint welfare and an option that maximized personal payoffs. The results pointed to an interaction between personality and situational forces: Uncertainty moderated the effect of social value orientation, and agency moderated the effect of envy on decisions. Taken together, the results provide evidence that the effect of individual differences in interpersonal decisions depends on the situation. Implications for team work are discussed in situations where a group potentially benefits disproportionally more from an individual's relatively higher effort than the individual who exerts the effort.</p>","PeriodicalId":36271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology","volume":"4 1","pages":"32-42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jts5.56","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"95482487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How knowing others makes us more inclusive: Social identity inclusiveness mediates the effects of contact on out‐group acceptance","authors":"M. Branković, I. Žeželj, Vladimir Turjačanin","doi":"10.1002/jts5.60/v2/response1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jts5.60/v2/response1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49029439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome-based dissonance and Morton's Fork: Evaluative consequences of unfavorable alternatives in the 2016 U.S. presidential election","authors":"Austin D. Eubanks,&nbsp;Scott Eidelman,&nbsp;Derrick F. Till,&nbsp;David Sparkman,&nbsp;Patrick Stewart,&nbsp;Robert H. Wicks","doi":"10.1002/jts5.55","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts5.55","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present research investigates outcome-based dissonance in the 2016 U.S. Presidential election, a context where a significant number of citizens had unfavorable opinions of both candidates. When one is faced with a choice between two unfavorable alternatives, the outcome will be the same (i.e., unfavorable) regardless of the choice. This dilemma of having multiple alternatives leading to the same unfavorable outcome is known as Morton's Fork. Our results, using a national online sample (<i>n = </i>247) suggest that when given the opportunity to choose between a favorable and unfavorable alternative, outcome-based dissonance occurs when the preferred (chosen) alternative is inconsistent with the outcome and dissonance reduction proceeds by reducing the “evaluative spread” (i.e., decreasing evaluations of the chosen/losing alternative and/or increasing evaluations of the rejected/winning alternative). In contrast, outcome-based dissonance is diminished (or nonoccurring) when one chooses between unfavorable choice alternatives. These results suggest that valence of choice alternatives is a relevant factor in the production of outcome-based dissonance. Implications are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":36271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology","volume":"4 1","pages":"21-31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jts5.55","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50763681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How group goal setting mediates the link between individual-level emotion-related factors and team performance","authors":"Laura Petitta,&nbsp;Lixin Jiang","doi":"10.1002/jts5.54","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts5.54","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Goal setting theory states that its principles (i.e., specific, difficult goals lead to higher performance than general tasks) and the four mediating factors (i.e., attention, strategies, effort, and persistence) of the goal–performance link can be generalized to the workgroup level. However, less is known about individual-level emotional dynamics within a team that shape team-level motivation and strategies and subsequent team performance. Using multisource data, we tested a multilevel mediation model that posits fear of dominance among the fellow teammates and emotional contagion of fear as individual-level predictors of the group goal setting (GGS) mechanisms (i.e., directions, effort and persistence, strategies), which in turn simultaneously but differentially predict subsequent team performance. Surveys were administered to 315 athletes nested in 38 sport teams. Performance was measured objectively via team rank. Results suggest that fear of dominance was negatively related to group direction and effort and persistence. More interestingly, emotional contagion of fear negatively predicted strategies, which in turn positively predicted team performance. We add to the literature by demonstrating the cross-level mediating role of GGS factors in the relationship between individual-level emotional contagion of fear and the team-level performance outcome. Our study also contributes to contagion and dominance literatures as well as GGS theorizing, thus bridging the two disparate research fields of individual-level emotion-related processes and GGS. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in light of the relevance of successful performance management as well as of preventing the adverse effects of individual-level dysfunctional affective experience on teamwork motivation and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":36271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology","volume":"4 1","pages":"3-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jts5.54","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46671598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimulus pairing and statement target information have equal effects on stereotype-relevant evaluations of individuals","authors":"Rachel S. Rubinstein,&nbsp;Lee Jussim","doi":"10.1002/jts5.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jts5.53","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present research tested a series of theoretically derived competing hypotheses regarding the extent to which different ways of learning about others influence stereotype-relevant impression formation and reliance on stereotypes in stereotype-relevant target evaluations. First, we examined the extent to which stimulus pairing or statement information about novel White (Study 1) and Black (Study 2) targets' intelligence influenced implicit and explicit impressions of the targets' competence. In both studies, we found that the two modes of information presentation produced equal effects on impression formation at both the implicit and the explicit levels. In a third study, we compared the effectiveness of stimulus pairing and statement information at reducing or eliminating the influence of stereotypes on implicit and explicit person perception. We found that stereotyping in implicit person perception was completely eliminated by both types of information, but found no evidence of explicit stereotype bias even in the absence of individuating information. Together, the results of the three studies suggest that stimulus pairing and statement target information are equally influential in the formation of stereotype-relevant impressions of novel targets and in eliminating the influence of stereotypes on stereotype-relevant target evaluations. These findings provide support for propositional models of implicit evaluations and for dual-process theories allowing for interaction between different learning systems, but do not support dual-systems theories.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Open Practices</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 \u0000 </p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data and materials for all three studies are available at https://osf.io/pd2ht/. Preregistration for Study 2 is available at https://osf.io/mw38p/register/5771ca429ad5a1020de2872e and preregistration for Study 3 is available at https://osf.io/ymebw/register/5771ca429ad5a1020de2872e.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology","volume":"3 4","pages":"231-249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jts5.53","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72312895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimulus pairing and statement target information have equal effects on stereotype-relevant evaluations of individuals","authors":"Rachel S. Rubinstein, L. Jussim","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/9jcaq","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/9jcaq","url":null,"abstract":"The present research tested a series of theoretically derived competing hypotheses regarding the extent to which different ways of learning about others influence stereotype-relevant impression formation and reliance on stereotypes in stereotype-relevant target evaluations. First, we examined the extent to which stimulus pairing or statement information about novel White (Study 1) and Black (Study 2) targets’ intelligence influenced implicit and explicit impressions of the targets’ competence. In both studies, we found that the two modes of information presentation produced equal effects on impression formation at both the implicit and the explicit levels. In a third study, we compared the effectiveness of stimulus pairing and statement information at reducing or eliminating the influence of stereotypes on implicit and explicit person perception. We found that stereotyping in implicit person perception was completely eliminated by both types of information, but found no evidence of explicit stereotype bias even in the absence of individuating information. Together, the results of the three studies suggest that stimulus pairing and statement target information are equally influential in the formation of stereotype-relevant impressions of novel targets and in eliminating the influence of stereotypes on stereotype-relevant target evaluations. These findings provide support for propositional models of implicit evaluations and for dual-process theories allowing for interaction between different learning systems, but do not support dual-systems theories.","PeriodicalId":36271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41334594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When “we” leave “them”: Distinguishing schisms from individual exit","authors":"Joseph A. Wagoner,&nbsp;Nicolas Barreto,&nbsp;Mark J. Rinella","doi":"10.1002/jts5.52","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts5.52","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Schisms</i> occur when a faction breaks away from their parent group to create or to join an already existing group. However, previous researchers who have examined schisms have primarily focused on people's <i>individual intentions to exit</i> their group. This poses two questions: first, does a schism involve both breaking away from a parent group <i>and</i> forming a new group? And second, are the psychological processes that predict individual exit intentions also predicting people's support of schisms, or are there distinct psychological processes involved in a schism? Study 1 (<i>N</i> = 284) confirmed that a schism consists of two subcomponents: <i>subgroup exit</i> and <i>superordinate formation</i>. Study 2 (<i>N</i> = 261) showed that the psychological processes related to individual exit intentions are distinct from those processes related to schisms. Results suggest that support for schisms is distinct from individual exit intentions and that there are unique psychological predictors of schisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":36271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology","volume":"3 4","pages":"216-230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jts5.52","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44529703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}