Environmental and Sustainability Indicators最新文献

{"title":"Consequences of water and land scarcity and unhealthy diets on the productive capacity of the middle East and North Africa","authors":"Alireza Hadipour ,&nbsp;Seyed Hamid Ahmadi ,&nbsp;Ali Reza Sepaskhah","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water and land scarcity and their impacts on global food and water security and healthy diet represents a paramount challenge, especially for vulnerable regions like the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region A significant research gap persists in understanding the impact of climate change, population growth, and the overexploitation of water resources on the socioeconomic and political performance of countries. Therefore, we aim to investigate the effects of water and land scarcity, and unhealthy diets on the productive capacity index of MENA countries over a 20-year period (2001–2020) using time series trend, panel data econometric modeling and the fixed effects method. Accordingly, the results of the fixed effects model analysis showed that renewable water resources, arable to agriculture land ratio and exposure to a diet low in whole grains and legumes had the greatest negative impact on the productive capacity index of MENA countries, while the institutional quality and education level had the greatest positive impact on the index. The visualization analysis also revealed a significant diversity in water and land resources among MENA countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100594"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143180347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing groundwater quality and suitability in Qatar: Strategic insights for sustainable water management and environmental protection","authors":"Sarra Aloui ,&nbsp;Adel Zghibi ,&nbsp;Annamaria Mazzoni ,&nbsp;Ahmad S. Abushaikha ,&nbsp;Adel Elomri","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater resources in arid regions are crucial for water and food security and the maintenance of ecosystem services but face significant challenges from overexploitation and contamination, exacerbated by climate change. In Qatar, understanding the spatial variability of groundwater quality and its suitability for use remains limited. This study examines groundwater quality across the peninsula and evaluates its suitability for drinking and irrigation employing comprehensive Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques and water quality assessments. Twelve physicochemical parameters were analyzed to evaluate groundwater quality and determine the hydrogeochemical facies. Geospatial analysis was employed to visualize and quantify spatial correlations between groundwater salinity and geology, rainfall, distance to sea, land use, and abstraction and recharge activities. Suitability for use was assessed using the drinking water quality index (DWQI) and a novel integrated irrigation water quality index (IWQI), constructed upon seven standard indices. Results revealed predominantly high salinity in coastal and southern parts, suggesting extensive saltwater intrusion. Spatial correlations showed combined environmental and anthropogenic influences on groundwater salinity. Recharge efforts positively influenced groundwater quality, highlighting their effectiveness. The DWQI showed excellent to good drinking suitability over 1053.3 km² (9.1%) of the study area. The IWQI indicated high to very high irrigation suitability over 3611 km² (31.1%), concentrated in the north-central region. These findings highlight the critical importance of groundwater quality indicators for effective monitoring and underscore the need for integrated groundwater management strategies. This study offers practical guidance for local water resource managers, policymakers, and communities while also contributing to global climate adaptation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100582"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143180550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to reduce the risk of climate change for the sustainability of rural farmers? Based on evidence from Iran","authors":"Moslem Savari ,&nbsp;Bagher Khaleghi ,&nbsp;Abbas Sheheytavi","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accelerating impacts of climate change (CC) in Iran pose critical threats to the livelihoods of vulnerable populations, particularly rural communities and farmers. Addressing these challenges requires the adoption of effective adaptation and mitigation strategies, which hinge on a thorough understanding of climate change risk perception (CCRP). This study aimed to identify the key determinants influencing CCRP among Iran's rural farming communities, using the Climate Change Risk Perception Model (CCRPM) as its theoretical framework. The research focused on rural households in Shushtar County, Southwest Iran. The findings demonstrated that the CCRPM exhibited exceptional explanatory power in the Iranian context, accounting for 74.2% of the variance in farmers' CCRP—a notably higher figure compared to similar studies conducted elsewhere. Specifically, the model's components—cognitive, experiential, socio-cultural, and socio-demographic factors— have significant effect on the farmers' CCRP. These results provide valuable insights for policymakers, supporting the development of targeted strategies to enhance the resilience and stability of local communities in the face of CC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100581"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143180323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience capacity among the vulnerable farming households in Meki River catchment, Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia: Present situation and future prospects","authors":"Simret Terefe ,&nbsp;Amare Bantider ,&nbsp;Ermias Teferi ,&nbsp;Meskerem Abi","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The concept of resilience has recently been measured from the food security perspective, to estimate the capacity to deal with the impacts of unpredictable shocks. This study indexed the resilience capacity of farming households and identified determining indicators of resilience across the three <em>kebeles</em> in Meki River catchment, Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. The resilience measurement considered latent variables such as Climate Extremes, Access to Basic Services, Asset, Social Safety Nets, Stability, Adaptive Capacity, and Social Capital as resilience indicators. Principal component analysis and the Multiple Indicator Multiple Cause model were used to estimate the Resilience Capacity Index (RCI). The model showed that Asset, Stability, and Adaptive Capacity have a significant explanatory weight in estimating RCI. Adaptive Capacity was negatively correlated with the RCI while Asset and Stability showed a meaningful positive contribution to household resilience capacity. Besides, the model revealed that Stability significantly improved household Resilience Capacity (RC) across all the studied <em>kebeles</em>. In addition, among the selected households across the three <em>kebeles</em>, households in <em>Dobena Gola</em> and <em>Dobena Enseno</em> reported better RC to bounce back to the previous level of food security. In contrast, households in <em>Sheliwasho</em> were unable to resist shocks and stressors. Therefore, households possessing greater RC likely sustained their food security, whereas those with lower RC were more prone to experiencing food insecurity. Overall, the study reveals that RCI measurement should be validated across diverse geographical scales and climatic zones for accurate estimation of RC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100596"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143180549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the multi-agent motivation coupling evolution and synergy improvement for farmland ecological protection in China","authors":"Adila Ainiwaerjiang ,&nbsp;Xueying Jin ,&nbsp;Zhen Xie ,&nbsp;Tian Tian ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Dang","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global ecology movement of the 1960s gave rise to international efforts to of farmland ecological protection. In these systematic, multi-agent projects, the long-term viability of farmland ecological protection rests significantly upon the alignment and synergistic interaction of the primary agents involved. Beginning in 2017, the Chinese government prioritized farmland ecological protection, instituting a collaborative governance structure involving policymakers, policy implementers, and agricultural producers. To appraise the characteristics of this structure, this study develops a multi-agent theoretical framework according to a “motivation-behavior” model for farmland ecological protection. Analyzing the motivations of these agents and the resultant synergy across the 2000–2020 period, this research indicates a significant rise in the motivation of Chinese policymakers toward farmland ecological protection, coupled with a significant decline in motivation among agricultural producers. Policy implementers’ motivation, however, has remained consistent. Employing a coupling and coordination model to assess the collaborative effectiveness among these actors, this study identifies a downward trend in synergistic effectiveness across three phases: primary coupling, approaching decoupling, and mild decoupling. To further explore the collaborative effectiveness of policy implementers and agricultural producers, a Tapio decoupling model is utilized to analyze changes in their synergistic activity. The temporal analysis of motivational shifts indicates a stabilizing trend among policy implementers and fluctuating efforts from agricultural producers. Spatially, high-value areas for policy implementers have experienced a significant decline, migrating from the left to the right of the Hu Line; whereas, high-value areas for agricultural producers have steadily decreased. Specifically, areas where synergistic efforts between implementers and producers in farmland ecological protection are being observed have expanded, while areas exhibiting decaying synergy have contracted. Areas initially indicating synergy decay demonstrate an initial increase followed by a decrease. This study concludes that China must develop a compensation structure for farmland ecological protection targeted at business actors, execute region-specific protection plans, and strengthen multi-agent motivation to cultivate more robust synergistic outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100583"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143179386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Place attachment, activation of personal norms, and the role of emotions to save water in scarcity","authors":"Peyman Arjomandi A. ,&nbsp;Masoud Yazdanpanah ,&nbsp;Tahereh Zobeidi ,&nbsp;Nadejda Komendantova ,&nbsp;Akbar Shirzad","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2024.100567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2024.100567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water bodies across (semi)arid regions are being pressured by climate change and agriculture. Aptly, in Iran, Urmia Lake's fate is in contestation of these two stressors. Whereas climate change mitigation mandates a huge far-lasting global endeavor, some regional adaptations may support the lake to survive ecologically. This needs accountable actions by both institutions and individuals, contributing to the agricultural dynamism. To ensure the effectiveness of institutional lake restoration plans, the consent, cooperation, and active participation of farmers are essential. The critical issue is to know how to persuade farmers and foster prudent water consumption as the prime strategy. This requires understanding farmers intention and behavior in relation to water conservation. To explore this in the region, a specific sociopsychological model was developed. Utilizing the Norm Activation Model enriched by the constructs of Place Attachment and Expression of Emotion, farmers' moral water conservation behavior in the Urmia Lake Basin was investigated. The results of structural equation modeling revealed that all factors of the model influence the water conservation intention and behavior. While awareness of consequences strongly affects personal norms and appraisal of responsibility, place attachment and appraisal of responsibility positively impact emotions and correspondingly emotions and place attachment affect intention significantly. Whereas personal norms were influenced by awareness of consequences and appraisal of responsibility, they impact behavior and intention significantly and eventually intention makes the strongest relationship with behavior. Uncovering this, the study aims to expose further pragmatic insights for credible and sustainable environmental management policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100567"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143180110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing reservoir sustainability indexing to investigate reservoir operations and piloting it at the basin of Lake Urmia with sparse data","authors":"Sina Sadeghfam ,&nbsp;Navid Fahmfam ,&nbsp;Rahman Khatibi ,&nbsp;Brian Mark Crookston ,&nbsp;Meysam Vadiati ,&nbsp;Marjan Moazamnia","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2024.100577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2024.100577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reservoir sustainability indexing/estimation is introduced in this paper, capable of handling sparse data. It innovates by interconnecting a set of three variables: estimating Environmental Water Requirements (EWRs) by conceptual rules; estimating Reliability, Resilience and Vulnerability (RRV) criteria by using EWRs; and thereby calculating Sustainability Indexes (SI), which are either satisfactory or unsatisfactory. These together transform reservoir studies into an innovative <em>capability</em>, implemented by a strategy at three levels: <strong>Level 1</strong> scopes critically the research direction setting up a rule engine. <strong>Level 2</strong> calculates the EWRs, RRV and SI metrics. <strong>Level 3</strong> addresses the defensibility of the results. The capability is piloted on 9 major reservoirs with available data out of 44 in the basin of Lake Urmia for a proof-of-concept. The subsequent knowledge discovery uncovers that: (i) Of 5.3 Billion Cubic Metres (BCM/Annum) lake inflows, 3.1 BCM/annum is required to maintain the lake, but cut off unwarrantedly, instigated the catastrophe. (ii) SI-values verify that the basin is fragile against unwarranted operations; conversely, evidence is given that restoring Lake Urmia is feasible by overhauling reservoir management. (iii) The emerging retrospective explanation is that reservoir operations are the <em>single root cause</em> instigating the catastrophic disappearance of Lake Urmia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100577"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143180325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of rainfed wheat productivity in a changing climate in Irbid, Jordan using statistical downscaling and Random Forest Regression prediction under RCP4.5 & 8.5 pathways","authors":"Tasnim Dheif Allah Althalaj ,&nbsp;Fayha Muhammed Al-Shibli ,&nbsp;Amani Abdullah Alassaf","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2024.100545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2024.100545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Jordan is confronted with substantial risks linked to climate change and is proactively striving to manage resources sustainably by aligning its initiatives with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study examines the impacts of climate change on rainfed wheat productivity in Irbid Governorate during the historical period (1994–2021) and simulated for the future (2024–2100) using climate models (SDGs 1, 2, 11, 12, 13, &amp; 15). Monthly precipitation, mean temperature, and annual wheat yield data were collected for the period (1994–2021) and analyzed using the Mann-Kendall test with Sen's slope to investigate the historical trends and elaborate Phi-k correlation coefficient to determine their association. Monthly precipitation and mean temperature projections were collected from CSIRO-MK3.6.0 &amp; GFDL-ESM2M CMIP5 ensemble models under two concentration pathways: RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The projections were biased and corrected by the dynamic bilinear interpolation method and Delta, EQM, and QM statistical downscaling to enhance the projections' reliability and performance in capturing the region's climate. Taylor diagram was utilized to choose the best model to represent observed data. Cumulative Distribution Function and Probability Density Function Curves were plotted to describe the changes over decades based on climate models. Future wheat yields were predicted using the Random Forest Regression model. The results revealed a non-significant increase in total annual precipitation of 1.8% and 13.8% and a rise in annual mean temperature of 5.4% and 2.7% for Irbid and Baqura stations, respectively during the baseline timeframe on which wheat yield increased by 21.3%. The CSIRO model outperformed the GFDL model with greater fidelity in simulating historical monthly precipitation and mean temperatures. The CSIRO-MK3.6.0 model indicates precipitation and temperature shifts for near and far future periods. Temperature increases are expected to have more severe impacts in the far future (2073–2100) while projected decreases in precipitation of 0.06 mm/day and 0.10 mm/day under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 affect yield reductions by 11.42 kg/ha and 12.21 kg/ha. Temperature increases of 2.7 °C and 4.1 °C under RCP 4.5 &amp; 8.5 and the responding yield decreases to 24.83 kg/ha and 33.40 kg/ha, respectively. The study highlights the need for enhanced adaptation strategies; cultivating resilient wheat varieties, promoting crop rotation, improving meteorological monitoring and risk response approaches, and providing timely weather forecasts to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on wheat productivity and ensure sustainable agriculture in Jordan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100545"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143180881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecosystem health assessment based on the V-O-R-S framework for the Upper Ganga Riverine Wetland in India","authors":"Alka Yadav ,&nbsp;Mitthan Lal Kansal ,&nbsp;Aparajita Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2025.100580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid land-use changes driven by anthropogenic activities have significantly deteriorated riverine wetland ecosystem health (WEH), underscoring the need for comprehensive ecosystem health assessment. While riverine wetlands play a critical role in sustaining human well-being and conserving endemic biodiversity, limited studies have explored WEH through an integrated lens of ecological factors and human reliance on ecosystem services. This study employs the Vigor-Organization-Resilience-Services (VORS) framework to assess the WEH, using the entropy weighting method to compute the wetland ecosystem health index (WEHI) based on NDVI, landscape metrics, and land-use/land-cover (LULC) coefficient indicators. Applying the framework to the Upper Ganga Riverine Wetland (UGRW) in India, the study examines ecosystem health over two decades (2000–2020). The findings reveal substantial land-use changes during this period, with a 245% increase in built-up and a 41% decline in forest cover. Consequently, the WEHI declined from 0.75 in 2000 to 0.58 in 2020, marking a 23% decrease over the period. All V-O-R-S indicators showed a downward trend, with ecosystem organization (O) showing the steepest decline of 45%, followed by ecosystem services (S) at 18%, ecosystem resilience (R) at 14%, and ecosystem vigor (V) at 8%. These changes reflect the significant impacts of wetland fragmentation and land-use transitions over time. The VORS framework provides a holistic perspective on WEH, offering crucial insights for stakeholders to design effective environmental management strategies. The findings can support policy measures aligned with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), prioritizing wetland sustainability and enhancing conservation efforts in fragile riverine ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100580"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143179967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment on factors affecting human wild animal coexistence and associated mitigation measures in the buffer zone community of Shivapuri Nagarjun national park, Nepal","authors":"Dipesh Raj Pant ,&nbsp;Kuaanan Techato ,&nbsp;Siriporn Pradit ,&nbsp;Saroj Gyawali ,&nbsp;Binod Baniya","doi":"10.1016/j.indic.2024.100552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indic.2024.100552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid success in conserving the protected areas would obviously require the participation and cooperation from local people particularly in developing countries where the locals bear most of the expense of Human wildlife co-existence. Considering this, the present research attempts to explore the factor affecting Human-Wildlife Co-existence (HWC) and the related mitigation measures adopted by the buffer zone community of Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park, Nepal (SNNP). The research also intends to determine the livelihood status of the locals, policies and compensations offered by buffer zone management. Data for the quantitative approach has been collected from 446 households residing in the buffer zone regions through structured questionnaire. Qualitative data are fetched through nine KII (Key Informant Interviews) who were the stakeholders of the buffer zone community. The overall results of the research find that locals in the buffer zone of SNNP are affected by the wildlife interventions. Due to this, crop damage is regarded as the massive loss experienced, wild boar is found to be the major conflicting wildlife followed by monkey and leopard. Local people are observed to have positive attitude towards the policies and programs of buffer zone management particularly, fuel-wood supply is the most appreciated benefits proffered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36171,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Sustainability Indicators","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100552"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143180112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}