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W-band TWTs for new generation high capacity wireless networks 用于新一代高容量无线网络的w波段行波管
2016 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) Pub Date : 2016-04-19 DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2016.7561865
C. Paoloni, R. Letizia, R. Zimmerman, F. André, Sophie Kohler, V. Krozer, G. Ulisse, F. Magne, A. Ramírez, M. Rocchi, Marc Marilier, R. Vilar
{"title":"W-band TWTs for new generation high capacity wireless networks","authors":"C. Paoloni, R. Letizia, R. Zimmerman, F. André, Sophie Kohler, V. Krozer, G. Ulisse, F. Magne, A. Ramírez, M. Rocchi, Marc Marilier, R. Vilar","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2016.7561865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2016.7561865","url":null,"abstract":"The congestion of the spectrum actually devoted to wireless networks has stimulated the exploitation of the wide availability of frequencies in the millimeter wave range. The high atmospheric attenuation and the strong detrimental rain effect require level of power not available by solid state power amplifiers typically used at microwave frequency. The lack of power has so far limited the use of millimeter wave range. The massive use of Traveling Wave Tubes as power amplifier in high capacity wireless networks will be the breakthrough in the development of the future millimeter wave network fundamental for the 5G development. The H2020 TWEETHER project aims at a new wireless network concept based on TWTs to distribute data in the millimeter wave portion of the spectrum.","PeriodicalId":361429,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131084532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Photonic band gap corrugated slow wave structure for THz sheet-beam vacuum electron devices 太赫兹片束真空电子器件的光子带隙波纹慢波结构
2016 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) Pub Date : 2016-04-19 DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2016.7561773
R. Letizia, M. Mineo, C. Paoloni
{"title":"Photonic band gap corrugated slow wave structure for THz sheet-beam vacuum electron devices","authors":"R. Letizia, M. Mineo, C. Paoloni","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2016.7561773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2016.7561773","url":null,"abstract":"The use of photonic band gap (PBG) technology is investigated to alleviate some of the typical issues of vacuum electron devices at terahertz and is shown as particularly suitable for the use of large sheet beams. A full interaction structure including the slow wave structure and the coupler based on a tapered PBG corrugated waveguide is proposed for sheet beam backward wave oscillators (BWO). The case of a 346 GHz BWO is considered.","PeriodicalId":361429,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116260582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Global optimization methods to design vacuum electronic devices 真空电子器件的全局优化设计方法
2016 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) Pub Date : 2016-04-19 DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2016.7561944
Huihui Wang, Lin Meng, Dagang Liu, Laqun Liu
{"title":"Global optimization methods to design vacuum electronic devices","authors":"Huihui Wang, Lin Meng, Dagang Liu, Laqun Liu","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2016.7561944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2016.7561944","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we try to adopt the global optimization method to design vacuum electronic devices. Based on the platform of three dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) CHIPIC, the modules of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) are designed to optimize vacuum electronic devices, respectively. The comparisons of PSO and GA are implemented to optimize the slow wave period structure (SWS) of a relativistic backward wave oscillator (RBWO). The results show that the performances (optimization result and convergence speed) of PSO are better than that of GA in the cases of a small population size.","PeriodicalId":361429,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124147491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An experiment research on transient liquid phase diffusion bonding 瞬态液相扩散键合的实验研究
2016 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) Pub Date : 2016-04-19 DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2016.7561905
Zhenxia Zhang, Xiaoxia Wang, Xiuxia Li, Shuzhong Wang, Yongqing Zhang
{"title":"An experiment research on transient liquid phase diffusion bonding","authors":"Zhenxia Zhang, Xiaoxia Wang, Xiuxia Li, Shuzhong Wang, Yongqing Zhang","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2016.7561905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2016.7561905","url":null,"abstract":"This paper experiments transient-liquid-phase (TLP) diffusion bonding to weld oxygen-free copper to oxygen-free copper in high-frequency parts. Our experiment results indicate that TLP bonding using an Au interlayer performs better than solid diffusion welding. In our TLP bonding, the welding temperature is set around the one near the formation of transient liquid phase. The diffusion-width increases with holding time. Our TLP bonding can also be used in Cu-Au diffusion bonding directly.","PeriodicalId":361429,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126917999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
170W Ka wideband space TWT 170wka宽带空间行波管
2016 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) Pub Date : 2016-04-19 DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2016.7561763
Luisa Fernandez Pena, Benoit Michel, Jean Gastaud, A. Laurent
{"title":"170W Ka wideband space TWT","authors":"Luisa Fernandez Pena, Benoit Michel, Jean Gastaud, A. Laurent","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2016.7561763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2016.7561763","url":null,"abstract":"In satellite systems, on-board repeaters shall deliver always more RF power. Specifically in Ka-Band applications like HDTV or Internet, the satellite Capacity must be increased to improve the Data Rate Transfer. This Capacity increase leads to a substantial increase of Specified RF Output Power. In order to respond to this demand, Thales Electron Devices (TED), has qualified a conduction cooled TWT (TH4816C) and a radiation cooled TWT (TH4816R). These TWTs deliver in Ka band more than 170W in narrow band (<;=1.5GHz) and more 160W in wide band (1.5 to 2.9GHz). This paper gives the main technical characteristics of the TH4816 family design and the main performances (industrial batch) over 2.9GHz wideband in Ka frequency range.","PeriodicalId":361429,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"231 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124480129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investigation on robustness of Nanosized-Scandia Doped Dispenser Cathodes 纳米尺度掺杂钪阴极的鲁棒性研究
2016 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) Pub Date : 2016-04-19 DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2016.7561805
W. Liu, Yiman Wang, Xiaoce Zhu, Yunfei Ynag, Fan Yang, Jinshu Wang
{"title":"Investigation on robustness of Nanosized-Scandia Doped Dispenser Cathodes","authors":"W. Liu, Yiman Wang, Xiaoce Zhu, Yunfei Ynag, Fan Yang, Jinshu Wang","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2016.7561805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2016.7561805","url":null,"abstract":"In order for practical applications in Vacuum Electron Devices (VEDs), the robustness of Scandia Doped Dispenser (SDD) cathodes has been widely concerned. Machinability, emission performance from machined surface, recovery of emission after poisoning; air exposure and ion bombardment have, thereby, been studied. The investigation demonstrated that the cathodes can be successfully machined by normal lathing to the required diameters and curvature radius. A life test with DC loads of up to 40 A/cm2 at 970 °Cb has been completed more than 5000 hours to date for a cathode with machined surface. A full restoring of emission has been proved after the cathodes were exposed to air and reactivated for a short time. This performance allows the cathodes to be pre-heated before assembling into the electron guns. Poisoning experiment evinces that in comparison with that of a 311-XM cathode, which was reported to be less affected by gas poisoning than other M cathode, the poisoning thresholds of residual gases for the SDD cathodes are more than one order of magnitude higher at equivalent temperatures but with higher emission level. The emission and surface behaviour, when an activated cathode encounters ion bombardment at its operating condition, has also been investigated and discussed.","PeriodicalId":361429,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124568629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
1.5-kW DBS-band and 2.0-kW Ku-band helix TWTs for direct broadcast satellite uplink applications 1.5 kw dbs波段和2.0 kw ku波段螺旋行波管，用于直接广播卫星上行应用
2016 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) Pub Date : 2016-04-19 DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2016.7561816
C. Chong, D. Layman, R. H. Martin, W. McGeary, W. Menninger, M. Ramay, N. Robbins, X. Zhai
{"title":"1.5-kW DBS-band and 2.0-kW Ku-band helix TWTs for direct broadcast satellite uplink applications","authors":"C. Chong, D. Layman, R. H. Martin, W. McGeary, W. Menninger, M. Ramay, N. Robbins, X. Zhai","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2016.7561816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2016.7561816","url":null,"abstract":"L-3 Electron Technologies, Inc. (ETI) has successfully developed the highest output power / highest efficiency uplink helix TWTs that operate in the direct-broadcast-satellite (DBS) band (17.3 - 18.4 GHz) and Ku-band (12.75 - 14.8 GHz) for DBS-TV systems. This is achieved by leveraging (1) thermal power management designs developed on the high-power millimeter-wave helix TWT programs, and (2) high-efficiency designs developed on space helix TWT programs. The 18815H DBS-band TWT provides 1.5 kW peak saturated and 1.0 kW maximum CW output power with 60% and 51% overall efficiencies, respectively. Similarly the 18820H Ku-band TWT provides 2.0 kW peak saturated and 1.4 kW maximum CW output power with 59% and 52% overall efficiencies, respectively. The two devices share 85% parts commonality.","PeriodicalId":361429,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129999133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
233 GHz high Power amplifier development at Northrop Grumman 诺斯罗普·格鲁曼公司233 GHz高功率放大器的开发
2016 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) Pub Date : 2016-04-19 DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2016.7561775
M. Basten, J. Tucek, D. Gallagher, K. Kreischer
{"title":"233 GHz high Power amplifier development at Northrop Grumman","authors":"M. Basten, J. Tucek, D. Gallagher, K. Kreischer","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2016.7561775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2016.7561775","url":null,"abstract":"Northrop Grumman has developed a folded-waveguide vacuum electronic high power amplifier at 233 GHz. The amplifier demonstrates output power over 79 W (49 dBm) from 232.6-234.6 GHz, and greater than 50 W (47 dBm) over a 2.4 GHz instantaneous bandwidth. Saturated gain is approximately 23-24 dBm over this bandwidth, with an input drive of 26-27 dBm required for saturated output power. The device operating point is 20.95kV, 114mA for a frequency range centered at 233.6 GHz, but is capable of producing 50W at frequencies up to 237.8 GHz by varying the operating voltage. Typical instantaneous (3 dB) operating bandwidth ranges from 2.4-3.0 GHz for a beam voltage range of 20.5-21 kV. The amplifier uses a compact permanent magnet solenoid for beam focusing and confinement, and typically achieves 95-98% beam transmission through the folded-waveguide circuit and into the single-section depressed collector. This device has demonstrated operational duty cycles up to 50% with liquid cooling and using Northrop Grumman's Microwave Power Module compact integrated power conditioner technology. A more compact version of this power amplifier is being developed with emphasis on reducing the size of the permanent magnet solenoid.","PeriodicalId":361429,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"960 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132948399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 42
Study of the dispersion of the double-corrugated waveguide at THz frequencies 双波纹波导在太赫兹频率下的色散研究
2016 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) Pub Date : 2016-04-19 DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2016.7561934
Yu-Lu Hu, Xiaofang Zhu, C. Paoloni
{"title":"Study of the dispersion of the double-corrugated waveguide at THz frequencies","authors":"Yu-Lu Hu, Xiaofang Zhu, C. Paoloni","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2016.7561934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2016.7561934","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the first analytical model to compute the dispersion of the double-corrugated waveguide for THz vacuum devices is presented. The model is based on the definition of voltage profile between two pillars in a single period. The comparison of the model with 3D electromagnetic simulation demonstrates the validity of the approach.","PeriodicalId":361429,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123628823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Scandate cathode performance comparisons 阴极阴极性能比较
2016 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) Pub Date : 2016-04-19 DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2016.7561808
B. Vancil, J. Lorr, V. Schmidt, Allen Vancil, W. Ohlinger
{"title":"Scandate cathode performance comparisons","authors":"B. Vancil, J. Lorr, V. Schmidt, Allen Vancil, W. Ohlinger","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2016.7561808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2016.7561808","url":null,"abstract":"Data comparisons were made between scandate cathodes from several groups world-wide. Processing and test parameters were identical between cathodes. Cathode emission performance was measured in close-spaced diodes. This data will be presented. In addition, surface and cross-sectional morphology via SEM after sintering, impregnation, and activation are shown. Furthermore, the cathodes were installed in Pierce gun testers and comparison data taken at 100 amps/cm2. Life tests were performed and knee point migration on each cathode was measured. Crush tests on the cathode matrices were performed to gauge mechanical strength. Liquid-Solid versus Liquid-Liquid processes are evaluated.","PeriodicalId":361429,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122342170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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