Trees, Forests and People最新文献

{"title":"Assessing the dynamic impact of formal and perceived land rights on fruit tree cultivation: Exploring the moderating role of forest ecology, gender, and land acquisition method","authors":"Akalu Assfaw Wolde","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Secure land rights are essential for encouraging long-term agricultural investment, particularly in developing countries. Fruit trees, in turn, play a critical role in livelihoods due to their nutritional, economic, and environmental benefits. However, the specific effects of secure land tenure—measured through both formal and perceived land rights—on fruit tree cultivation in Ethiopia remain underexplored. In addition, there is limited understanding of how gender, local land use, and modes of land acquisition moderate this relationship. This study addresses these gaps using nationally representative panel data. The results show that secure land rights, whether formal or perceived, significantly promote fruit tree cultivation, both in terms of the number of trees and the likelihood of tree adoption on a plot. Notably, this impact strengthens over time. However, heterogeneity analysis reveals that the effect varies considerably depending on environmental and social factors, including local land use, gender, and land acquisition methods. Specifically, the study finds that the impact of secure land rights is more pronounced in communities located within forest ecosystems than in non-forest areas. These findings support the economic theory of property rights by demonstrating that secure land tenure fosters fruit tree cultivation, contributing to sustainable agriculture. The study underscores the importance of policies that enhance tenure security by reducing costs and expanding access to land certification. Moreover, addressing gender disparities through targeted interventions could empower women plot holders to exercise property rights more effectively, thereby boosting investment and improving economic outcomes in Ethiopia and similar settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100871"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143903517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adapting to change: Visitor patterns in national parks across the pandemic timeline","authors":"Dehui Christina Geng ,&nbsp;Mingze Chen ,&nbsp;Harry Seely ,&nbsp;Howie W. Harshaw ,&nbsp;Christopher Gaston ,&nbsp;Wanli Wu ,&nbsp;Guangyu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic has substantially impacted visitor behaviour and forest tourism management, introducing new visitor patterns that persist in the post-COVID-19 period. As critical components of national parks, forests and tree-dominated natural environments have gained renewed attention for their role in promoting mental and physical health during public health crises. This study analysed pandemic-induced shifts in visitor activity and movement patterns from a temporal-spatial perspective in Banff, Jasper, Yoho and Kootenay National Parks using social media big data from pre, <em>peri</em>, and post COVID-19. Temporal analysis of social media posts aligned with official park attendance trends (2019–2023), validating big data as a reliable indicator. Results show a long-term behaviour shift toward nature-immersive activities in remote and forested wilderness areas, reduced traffics on historically popular routes, and emerging between-park connectivity. Seasonal and spatial visitation patterns became less centralised, increasing conservation pressures in ecologically sensitive forested areas and necessitating proactive infrastructure, zoning, and transit management. This research fills the knowledge gap on pandemic-driven visitation trends using big data, offering the implications extend beyond the current pandemic for effective and prompt park resources and tourism management, balancing conservation and public well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100874"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial analysis of land use and cover changes: Implications of green legacy initiative on climate action in Upper Awash Basin, Ethiopia","authors":"Zenebe Reta Roba ,&nbsp;Mitiku Badasa Moisa ,&nbsp;Tigist Girum Aymeku ,&nbsp;Damena Edae Daba ,&nbsp;Dessalegn Obsi Gemeda","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Analyzing land use land cover change is crucial for understanding the impacts of human activities on the natural environment. The government of Ethiopia has launched the Green Legacy Initiative (GLI) in June 2019 to minimize the impacts of climate change. . This study investigates the relationship between Land Surface Temperature (LST) and land cover indices, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Barren Index (NDBaI), and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) using GIS and remote sensing techniques. Landsat imagery from 1993 (TM), 2003 (ETM+), and 2023 (OLI/TIRS) was utilized to calculate LST, NDVI, NDBaI, and NDWI, leveraging both thermal and multispectral data to assess the initiative's effects on temperature regulation. The results reveal substantial land cover changes between 1993 and 2023. Specifically, forest land increased from 492.4 km² (12.5%) to 837.3 km² (21.3 %), while barren land declined from 97.4 km² (2.5 %) to 64.6 km² (1.6 %). These shifts highlight the effectiveness of the GLI in promoting afforestation and curbing land degradation. Furthermore, a significant reduction in LST by 2.3 °C was observed between 2003 and 2023, largely attributed to these large-scale afforestation efforts. Strong negative correlations were found between LST and both the NDVI (R² = 0.98) and the NDWI (R² = 0.97), highlighting that increased vegetation and water bodies are associated with lower temperatures. Conversely, a positive correlation was noted between LST and the NDBaI (R² = 0.91), indicating that barren land is linked to higher temperatures. Therefore, policymakers and environmental analysts should enhance vegetation cover to mitigate the effects of rising temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100875"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating wind damage vulnerability into long-term forest planning: An optimisation-based model for spatial decision support","authors":"Karin Öhman ,&nbsp;IreneDe Pellegrin Llorente ,&nbsp;Teresa Fustel ,&nbsp;Inka Bohlin ,&nbsp;Tomas Lämås ,&nbsp;Jeannette Eggers","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The vulnerability of forests to wind damage depends to a large degree on the characteristics of the specific stand and its neighboring stands, making forest management a key action in modifying the forest's wind damage vulnerability. Thus, by strategically planning where and when different forest management activities are scheduled to happen, forest managers can influence a forest's vulnerability to wind damage. In this study, we present a long-term forest planning model that identifies optimal forest management activities accounting for this specific vulnerability. The main decision in the model concerns the management of each individual stand throughout the planning horizon when the objective is to fulfil traditional long-term forest management goals and also to reduce the vulnerability to wind damage. In the model, consideration of wind damage is included by banning management activities such as final fellings in stands adjacent to highly vulnerable stands. Furthermore, the optimization model applied is specifically structured to be solvable using exact solution techniques. The model is evaluated for a case study area of 2450 hectares in southern Sweden for a 70-year planning horizon. Results suggest that it is possible to incorporate wind damage considerations into a long-term harvest scheduling problem. The proposed model excels in its ability to offer flexibility, allowing users to freely modify the settings in the model to choose their definition of vulnerability to wind damage. In addition, the model can be included in a traditional decision support system for forest planning utilizing exact solution techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100870"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of physiological responses to topping in tropical tree species","authors":"Nut Panyain ,&nbsp;Nisa Leksungnoen ,&nbsp;Tushar Andriyas ,&nbsp;Weerasin Sonjaroon ,&nbsp;Thammarat Yoojongdee ,&nbsp;Yroryong Channun ,&nbsp;Phrontip Wongnaikot ,&nbsp;Niti Thammajit ,&nbsp;Suthaporn Chongdi ,&nbsp;Ponthep Meunpong","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100872","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban tree management practices, including pruning, are crucial in maintaining safety, aesthetics, and urban ecological benefits. This study examines the physiological responses of two tropical tree species, <em>Dipterocarpus alatus</em>, and <em>Hopea odorata</em>, to topping cuts, a heavy pruning technique commonly used in urban areas of Thailand. The study assessed key physiological parameters—net photosynthesis (<em>Pn</em>), stomatal conductance (<em>Gs</em>), transpiration rate (<em>E</em>), water use efficiency (<em>WUE</em>), and leaf water potential (<em>LWP</em>)—over 12 months, conducted in a forest plantation. Results revealed species-specific responses, with <em>D. alatus</em> showing resilience to topping cuts and minimal physiological changes, while <em>H. odorata</em> exhibited heightened sensitivity, including increased <em>Gs, Pn</em>, and <em>E</em> following crown removal. Seasonal variations, combined with urban stressors such as dust and drought, exacerbate tree stress and influence recovery dynamics. These findings underscore the detrimental effects of topping cuts on tropical trees, emphasizing the necessity to avoid this practice and adhere to tree pruning standards in urban tree management. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of tropical tree responses to pruning, providing essential guidance for sustainable urban forestry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100872"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relevance of social-milieus for forest policy research – insights from a Germany-focused review","authors":"Peter K. Aurenhammer,&nbsp;Maximilian Glormann,&nbsp;Patrick Strüber,&nbsp;Max Krott","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the relevance and integration potential of social milieu approaches - particularly the Sinus Milieus framework - within forest policy research. Drawing on a literature review focused primarily on Germany, it synthesises insights from forest-related studies, as well as from other sectors such as environmental behaviour, transport, and media use. While traditional forest policy and private forest owner (PFO) studies have emphasised socio-demographic and structural variables, emerging evidence suggests that social milieus may offer improved explanatory power for forest-related attitudes and behaviours.</div><div>Results show that only a limited number of studies have applied social milieu typologies to forestry, relying mostly on quantitative methods, revealing differences between PFOs and the broader population in their affiliation with distinct social milieus. Evidence from other sectors underscores the potential of milieu approaches to enhance explanatory value. The review also highlights how such studies can inform the definition, operationalisation, and identification of milieus. However, differences in forest-related attitudes and behaviours among PFOs from different milieus, as well as the overall explanatory value of milieus, remain underexplored. Additionally, findings from non-milieu PFO research - covering social networks, values, identity, and personality traits - conceptually align with milieu-based frameworks and offer integration potential.</div><div>The paper identifies both methodological and empirical opportunities and challenges. Mixed-methods approaches and transdisciplinary formats, such as learning labs and focus groups, are needed to capture the complexity of forestry-distant milieus. Ultimately, social milieus offer a promising typological lens that can support more inclusive, differentiated, and effective forest policy development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100866"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of private forest owner typologies with potential to contribute to social milieu research in forest policy","authors":"Peter K. Aurenhammer,&nbsp;Max Krott","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100868","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores recent research on private forest owner (PFO) typologies in forest policy, particularly those moving beyond traditional socio-demographic and structural factors, to assess their potential contribution to social milieu research in forestry. While PFO typology research is well-established and diverse, social milieu studies in forestry remain relatively novel and geographically limited, with most work conducted in Germany. Given the increasing relevance of social milieu approaches in the social sciences, this review investigates how recent PFO studies might inform the theoretical, methodological, and empirical development of milieu research.</div><div>We identified over 20 contemporary PFO studies that demonstrate strong conceptual overlaps with social milieu frameworks, particularly regarding social networks, personality traits and values, prosocial behaviour, lifestyle, social influences, place attachment, and identity. These studies often employ mixed-method designs, offering added value to social milieu research, which has primarily relied on large-scale quantitative surveys. Methodologically, such approaches enhance data triangulation and support the operationalisation of milieu concepts in both academic and applied settings.</div><div>Empirically, PFO studies contribute valuable data on both general social and forest related dimensions (e.g., attitudes, activities and networks), facilitating cross-domain integration. Furthermore, their broader geographical scope can complement the currently German-centric milieu literature.</div><div>In conclusion, PFO typology research and social milieu research are mutually beneficial. PFO studies can inform and enhance social milieu approaches in forestry, while milieu frameworks offer PFO research a richer lens through which to understand forest owner diversity in a changing societal context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100868"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest tree breeding under the global environmental change: Challenges and opportunities","authors":"Chenglin Li ,&nbsp;Baochen Li ,&nbsp;Wenxuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Jiebei Jiang ,&nbsp;Jieshi Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forests are essential for global ecological, economic, and social stability; however, they are increasingly threatened by global environmental changes. Traditional breeding methods like marker-assisted and genomic selections have long been used in forest tree improvement to address these challenges. However, the long generation times and complex genetics of forest trees limit their effectiveness. Molecular genetic breeding of forest trees has emerged as a transformative strategy to enhance resilience and adaptability. Gene-editing technology advances, such as CRISPR-Cas9, have enabled precise genetic modifications to improve traits such as drought tolerance, pest resistance, and growth rates. Additionally, innovative techniques, such as gene and cell engineering, are being explored to increase genetic diversity and enhance tree performance under changing environmental conditions. However, challenges, such as regulatory concerns, scalability, and trait stability, remain. We examined the current state of the molecular genetic breeding of forest trees, highlighting their unique roles in addressing specific challenges. We evaluated the advantages and limitations of traditional and innovative approaches, emphasizing the need for their integration to develop tree varieties capable of thriving under global environmental change. These efforts are vital for sustainable forest management, biodiversity conservation, and carbon sequestration enhancement, ultimately contributing to forest ecosystems' long-term health and stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100867"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traditional uses and importance of Strychnos L. (Loganiaceae): A cross-cultural and spatial variation study in Benin","authors":"Donald Djidohokpin ,&nbsp;Gbèwonmèdéa Hospice Dassou ,&nbsp;Gnimansou Abraham Favi ,&nbsp;Octave Mathieu Zountangni ,&nbsp;Jéronime Marie-Ange Sènami Ouachinou ,&nbsp;Judicael Makponsè ,&nbsp;Ghyslain Kpetikou ,&nbsp;Gbèkponhami Monique Tossou ,&nbsp;Hounnankpon Yédomonhan ,&nbsp;Aristide Cossi Adomou","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Strychnos</em> spp. are multipurpose wild plants widely distributed across sub-Saharan countries. Their fruits, seeds, and stems are the most exploited parts, which exposes them to local extinction risk. Unfortunately, they have been scientifically neglected in Benin. To contribute to their valorization and sustainable management, this study aimed to (i) document the use knowledge of <em>Strychnos</em> spp. in Benin and (ii) assess the differences and consensus in their uses among people communities, and across bioclimatic zones in Benin. We conducted semi-structured interviews among 11 communities and three bioclimatic zones with 666 dialog partners. Detailed information about uses and homemade herbal remedies regarding the medicinal category was collected. Data were analyzed through the citation frequencies and homemade remedy report (HR) using Excel. Correspondence analysis was performed in the R program to establish relationships between communities, species, and uses. Diagrams were also performed directly online using RAWGraphs to show correlations between people communities and species, bioclimatic zones and species, and bioclimatic zones and uses, respectively. Nine species of <em>Strychnos</em>, designated by a total of 89 local names, are used by local populations. All plant parts were reported. They are involved in 90 uses, distributed into 7 categories of which medicinal uses were the most important (64.09 %). The uses varied among people communities, and across the bioclimatic zones. The study confirms that <em>Strychnos</em> spp. are socio-economically important species in Benin. Findings suggest that many threats affect these species, notably lianas, which are narrowly distributed or confined to forests in southern Benin. Research, policy, and community-based programs are urgently needed to conserve this interesting genus and support human well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100865"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disturbance intensity drives structural, compositional and diversity attributes in tropical dry forests of Central India","authors":"Satendra Kumar Rathaude ,&nbsp;Shairq Irtiqa ,&nbsp;P.P. Abdul Rahim ,&nbsp;Zishan Ahmad Wani ,&nbsp;Subashree Kothandaraman ,&nbsp;Javid Ahmad Dar","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Disturbance intensity plays an important role in influencing the structural and functional dynamics of ecosystems. The present study was undertaken in the tropical dry deciduous forests of Central India under varying disturbance intensities to understand their influence on structure, diversity and compositional attributes. In total, 242 rectangular plots of 0.5 ha each (50 <em>m</em> × 100 m) were laid in each 8 km² grid for phytosociological analyses and assessment of disturbance factors and levels. The plots were categorized into four types based on the level of disturbance intensity: 0–20 % {undisturbed forest (UDF)}, 21–40 % {least disturbed forest (LDF)}, 41–60 % {moderately disturbed forest (MDF)} and &gt;60 % {highly disturbed forest (HDF)}. Among the 242 plots, 48, 56, 72 and 66 plots come under UDF, LDF, MDF and HDF categories respectively. The predominant disturbance factors in HDF were fire and fuelwood collection, whereas in the case of MDF, grazing and cut stems were dominant. A total of 202 species (120 genera, 45 families) of adult trees (≥10 diameter at breast height (DBH)) were recorded across the disturbance intensity gradient, with highest species richness in UDF (175 species) and the lowest in HDF (145 species). A significant variation in the stand structure, species composition, richness and tree diversity (Shannon (H′) and Simpson (D) index) has been found across the disturbance intensity gradients. The plots with the highest disturbance intensity (HDF) had the significantly lowest tree density (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), basal area (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), species richness (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), and tree diversity: H′ (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), D (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) than UDF, LDF and MDF intensity gradients. The diameter-class distribution showed high percentage of small-sized (11–30 cm) trees in UDF (68 %) and LDF (60 %), whereas the medium-sized trees (31–60 cm) were high in MDF (48 %) and HDF (53 %) respectively. The current findings highlight the profound impact of varying disturbance intensities on stand structure, composition and diversity, emphasizing an urgent need for restoration, protection, conservation, and sustainable management for long-term ecosystem services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100864"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}