Trees, Forests and People最新文献

{"title":"What family forest owners talk about when they talk about trees: Bioenergy and forest landscapes in the U.S. South","authors":"John Schelhas ,&nbsp;Sarah Hitchner ,&nbsp;J.Peter Brosius","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Family forest owners in the southern United States have complex relationships with trees and forests rooted in a long history of forest-based rural economies and land use change. As the South is the primary wood-producing region in the U.S., economic and utilitarian valuations of forests are stronger here than in other parts of the country. However, forests are also deeply valued for aesthetics, recreation, wildlife (game and non-game), family history, and community heritage. Social and cultural values of forests are intertwined with economic values and biophysical conditions, but family forest owner decision-making is still not well-understood. The development of bioenergy in the South provides an opportunity to examine the social and cultural aspects of trees and forests and their role in decision-making. We analyze the ways that family forest owners and foresters talk about trees and forests in interviews and field notes from ethnographic fieldwork on wood-based bioenergy in two communities in Georgia and one in Mississippi to understand the multiple, complex, and sometimes competing values ascribed to southern forests, forest landscapes, and particular tree species. Bioenergy development serves as both a driver of new markets for wood products and as a lens through which to examine how owners make decisions about how to best manage their forests for multiple objectives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666719324001134/pdfft?md5=78cafc5b704edbb2e9549f5dd494fb4e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666719324001134-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141411202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors shaping consulting foresters' services to family forest landowners","authors":"Sagar Godar Chhetri,&nbsp;Shaun Tanger,&nbsp;Matthew Pelkki","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Consulting foresters provide a wide range of services to forest landowners. These services play a crucial role in meeting the many goals of forest landowners and maintaining sustainable, healthy forests. There is limited information about the extent to which foresters engage in consulting work to fulfill the forest management objectives of family forest landowners (FFLs). Using the online survey tool Qualtrics, we sent survey questions to registered foresters from West Gulf Coastal Plain regions of the United States (Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas). In this study, we described registered foresters' employment level of practicing consulting work (full-time vs part-time) and used a dichotomous logistic regression model to quantify the practice of consulting forestry by foresters (full-time vs. part-time), impacts of foresters' socio-demographic characteristics (e.g., age and income), landowners' forestland characteristics (e.g., forest types- pine and mixed), and services requested by landowners (e.g., site preparation, planting, thinning, and timber sale) on the choice of practicing consulting foresters. Results indicate about two-thirds (63 %) of the respondents were practicing as full-time consultants, and the remaining were considered part-time. Full-time foresters had a higher number of clients and clients with larger pine forestland (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). In addition, consultant income was negatively significant with the level of employment (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Designing and developing outreach programs that facilitate awareness of and use of the benefits of technical services provided by consulting foresters could improve forest management returns among FFLs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666719324001110/pdfft?md5=53faa5d792b70090f30d907f1676ef7b&pid=1-s2.0-S2666719324001110-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141322366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting silvicultural systems: Towards a systematic and generic design of tree regeneration methods","authors":"Arne Pommerening ,&nbsp;Janusz Szmyt ,&nbsp;Marie-Stella Duchiron","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding and mimicking regeneration processes in forests is crucial to sustainable forestry and forest conservation, since they largely determine the structural and ecophysiological traits as well as the ecosystem goods and services of forest stands. The techniques employed in achieving tree regeneration include the active manipulation of forest structure and are formally described by silvicultural systems. In the past, most silvicultural systems were developed locally and the corresponding authors used names and terminology that greatly varied and were often ambiguous. In addition, although local developments, silvicultural systems were often presented as “package deals” and individual components were not sufficiently defined to allow for adaptations in applications elsewhere. We critically reviewed the basic components and variants of silvicultural systems as well as their combinations in order to develop a unifying terminology that allows a better communication of regeneration methods and inspires the continued creation of new ones. Finally we applied the terminology elaborated in our review to an example of classifying silvicultural systems from Poland in order to show how existing silvicultural systems can be more clearly re-interpreted. We found that our review and analysis opened new insights on silvicultural systems that pave the way to more detailed and systematic future research in regeneration techniques. Silvicultural systems applied to high forests are often, with few modifications, also applicable to coppice forests and vice versa. Silvicultural systems also form an important element of close-to-nature or continuous cover forestry (CCF), as they contribute to diversifying forest structure by introducing new tree cohorts and the way how rigorously silvicultural systems are applied in various countries much depends on the time elapsed since the adoption of CCF.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666719324001043/pdfft?md5=db7ea5489db99d7ccb435be6f480ce63&pid=1-s2.0-S2666719324001043-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141413780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest management for water yield: Assessing the barriers and impacts of privately-owned open pine woodlands in the Southeastern United States","authors":"Chambers J. English ,&nbsp;Seth E. Younger ,&nbsp;Jeffery B. Cannon ,&nbsp;Steven T. Brantley ,&nbsp;Daniel Markewitz ,&nbsp;Puneet Dwivedi","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the Southeastern United States, freshwater resources are stressed due to human development, population growth, expansion of agricultural irrigation, and climate change. Restoring land to a low-density, fire-maintained longleaf pine (<em>Pinus palustris</em>) savanna and woodland ecosystem may provide distinct ecosystem services such as increases in water quantity for vulnerable watersheds. To understand how economic incentives may bolster restoration programs, we analyze the economic and hydrologic impacts of longleaf pine restoration scenarios. We compare these scenarios against other common land uses in the Coastal Plain of Georgia, a major forestry state located in the Southern United States, identifying the financial barriers and water use impacts of alternative forest management regimes. Longleaf pine restoration shows the greatest increase in water yield per acre at 66 % over baseline timber production scenarios but at a lower timber value return. Thinning planted loblolly pine (<em>Pinus taeda</em>) stands to low-density woodlands may offer a more cost-efficient, immediate alternative that improves water yields by 38 %. Current incentives to restore native habitats on private lands increase financial returns but lack sufficient incentives and governance to meet or exceed baseline forest income levels by $90-$235 ha^-1 annually for longleaf savanna restoration. In the future, the emerging ecosystem service market in Georgia may steer decisions about competing values of carbon storage, water yield, and native habitat restoration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666719324001079/pdfft?md5=f12f7db3b4cf84776c0fe7261d040f8c&pid=1-s2.0-S2666719324001079-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141412627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land use and land cover changes and their driving forces in selected forest reserves in Central Tanzania","authors":"Michael Elias Mgalula ,&nbsp;Amos Enoch Majule ,&nbsp;Anasia Elingaya Saria ,&nbsp;Benard Mwakisunga","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Miombo woodlands benefit humans in a variety of ways, including by providing food and ecosystem services. However, Tanzania's Miombo woodlands are declining due to ever-increasing unsustainable human activities. This study used landsat images for the years 1996, 2006, and 2021 to quantify the extent of land use and cover change in the Mgori and Minyughe forest reserves of the Singida region in Central Tanzania. We conducted interviews with 154 villagers living near the forest reserves to determine the drivers of land use and cover change. The findings showed that increased cultivation, illegal settlements, forest harvesting for timber, charcoal production, and livestock grazing are the primary drivers of land use and cover changes. Over the study period, cultivated land in the Mgori forest reserve increased by 33.56%, settlements by 32.67%, and bushland by 0.52%, while woodlands and grassland decreased by −0.60% and −0.22%, respectively. In the Minyughe forest reserve, cultivated land has grown by 23.81%, scattered cultivation by 16.79%, settlements by 6.58%, and water by 1.02%. During the same time period, significant loss occurred in woodland with a dynamic index of (−3.50%), bushland (−0.75%), grassland (−0.40%), and seasonally inundated grassland (−1.86%). User accuracy was highly reliable in cultivated land, bushland, woodland, and grassland cover. The overall Kappa coefficient values provided substantial accuracy for a specific land cover category. In order to combat deforestation and forest cover loss, the study recommends that the Tanzanian government strengthen conservation in both forest reserves.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666719324000918/pdfft?md5=8a06dc73c61151afb1c5d97c41ee80cd&pid=1-s2.0-S2666719324000918-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141291761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of cattle grazing on young spruce trees in boreal production forest","authors":"Mélanie Spedener ,&nbsp;Karen Marie Mathisen ,&nbsp;Josh Hauer ,&nbsp;Rémi Hérault ,&nbsp;Gunnar Austrheim ,&nbsp;Morten Tofastrud ,&nbsp;Barbara Zimmermann","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The compatibility of forest livestock grazing with timber production is disputed, as livestock can damage young trees through browsing and trampling. At the same time, livestock grazing might reduce the growth of competing vegetation and thereby enhance conifer forest regeneration. We investigated the effects of cattle (<em>Bos taurus</em>) on young spruce (<em>Picea abies</em>) trees in boreal production forest. We compared data from young spruce plantations within and outside of the grazing area, and during and off the cattle grazing season. Overall, stocking rates were 0.01 cows per hectare across the grazing areas. Cattle did not distribute equally, but concentrated their area use to young spruce plantations, leading to locally high densities during periods of the grazing season. Cattle removed vegetation competing with young spruce trees: Within the grazing area, the sward height of the field layer vegetation was lower, and young willow (<em>Salix spec.</em>) and downy birch (<em>Betula pubescens</em>) trees were browsed more than outside the grazing area. The annual height growth of spruce increased once the spruce grew above sward height. Spruce trees surrounded by many competing trees grew slower than those surrounded by few trees. Bent spruce trees grew slower than undamaged spruce trees. Yet, no difference in annual spruce growth was found between inside and outside the cattle grazing area. In contrast, we found a higher spruce mortality risk inside than outside the cattle grazing area. This mortality risk was very low and positively correlated with a given spruce tree's bark being damaged. Cattle did not increase the risk of damaged stem bark. This study did not succeed in pointing out the mechanism by which cattle might increase spruce mortality risk. Interestingly, the probability of being browsed and the probability of being bent were higher after winter than after summer, indicating that wild ungulates and snow might have a stronger effect on young spruce trees than summer grazing cattle at these stocking rates. In conclusion, cattle had minor effects on young spruce trees. This study suggests that at low stocking rates, forestry and livestock production in boreal production systems are compatible.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666719324001031/pdfft?md5=4cf8dfaff1890474c097931d4cc641b4&pid=1-s2.0-S2666719324001031-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141277424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the relationship between forest patch degradation, land uses, and terrain variables in a protected landscape in Ghana","authors":"Joseph Oduro Appiah ,&nbsp;Williams Agyemang-Duah ,&nbsp;Dina Adei","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to the implications of deforestation on global climate and environmental changes, concerns for forest patch degradation have grown in recent times. Recent studies have concentrated on assessing general land use and land cover changes, but in this study, we are interested in modeling the association between degraded patches of forest cover, land uses, and landscape's terrain characteristics. We use methods from landscape ecology, remote sensing, geo-information systems, and statistics to predict the association between degraded forest patches and related factors. Our findings show that forest patches within 1 km from agricultural land use are more likely to be degraded (AOR = 1.42, C.I. = 1.141–1.760, <em>p</em> = 0.002). Similarly, our results further reveal that forest patches within 1 km from human settlement footprints have a higher likelihood of being degraded (AOR = 1.38, C.I. = 1.083–1.768, <em>p</em> = 0.009). Our results demonstrate a need for the creation and enforcement of sound land use planning and management strategies that would adequately protect forest patches from the influence of agricultural land use and human settlement development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666719324000943/pdfft?md5=638d54cfeede9eebea541840529cd178&pid=1-s2.0-S2666719324000943-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141031515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Value chain analysis of Eucalyptus poles in around Bahir Dar, Northwestern Ethiopia","authors":"Asabeneh Alemayehu ,&nbsp;Yoseph Melka ,&nbsp;Abeje Eshete","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Value chain development is critical for ensuring the benefits of rapidly evolving plantation forests, such as Eucalyptus. This study examines the value chain of <em>Eucalyptus</em> poles, focusing on the investigation of actors and their roles, the benefit margin and value added to each actor, as well as the potential opportunities and challenges. A total of 194 (157 tree growers and 37 other actors) were selected using a multistage purposive random sampling technique. The study used value chain analysis and gross margin to explore <em>Eucalyptus</em> pole marketing lines, their functions, and estimate cost and value-added distributions. The results revealed direct actors, including tree growers, workers, traders, transporters, and exporting agents, and indirect actors (government, brokers, service providers, etc.). Around 18 <em>Eucalyptus</em> pole marketing lines were identified, with 80 % of the poles transacted in the major three lines. The <em>Eucalyptus</em> pole business is profitable for all involved. But not all have received an equal share of the benefits along the chain. Tree growers generated the highest value in the shortest lines, and traders reaped the highest benefit from the longer chain. Traders captured the highest percentage of the domestic price, while tree producers captured the least. A lack of access to market information, storage space, government and NGO support, inter-actor cooperation, the external effects of Eucalyptus, and the absence of land segregation have hampered the sector's development. Policy interventions should prioritize cluster planting, storage space provision, and cooperative creations to enhance community livelihoods and the sustainable management of <em>Eucalyptus</em> plantations. This study focuses on the <em>Eucalyptus</em> pole value chain due to its market significance, strategic relevance, market dynamics, actor profiles, and marketing systems associated with <em>Eucalyptus</em> poles. However, it still advocates for further research on <em>Eucalyptus</em> charcoal to understand its value chain dynamics and the broader <em>Eucalyptus</em> industry ecosystem.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666719324000955/pdfft?md5=c477acbe19e0131ec273562fb5aa973f&pid=1-s2.0-S2666719324000955-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141243173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The multifaceted socio-ecological impacts of charcoal production on the Afram Plains, Ghana","authors":"Thelma Arko ,&nbsp;Adelina Mensah ,&nbsp;James Adomako ,&nbsp;Fatima Denton ,&nbsp;Pedi Obani","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the environmental impacts of charcoal production in the Afram Plains region of Ghana, a forest-savannah transition ecosystem. Through a combination of remote sensing analysis, field surveys, and incorporation of local ecological knowledge, the research examines the extent of devegetation, depletion of tree species, and ecosystem degradation associated with charcoal production activities.</p><p>The findings reveal the extensive scale of charcoal production, with over 2200 charcoal scars identified across the plain, and an alarming annual depletion of nearly 400,000 trees associated with a production of nearly 800,000 bags of charcoal. The indiscriminate felling of mature trees and low-efficiency traditional production methods have left vast areas in a degraded state.</p><p>The study contributes to the literature by providing localized, species-level evidence of the impacts of charcoal production. It highlights the overexploitation of threatened species like Pterocarpus erinaceus (African Rosewood) and the concerning decline of economically valuable species like <em>Nesogogordonia papaverifera</em> and <em>Erythrophleum africanum</em>. Additionally, it identifies the resilience of <em>Anogeissus leiocarpus</em>, suggesting potential for sustainable use in charcoal production.</p><p>The research underscores the urgency of addressing the challenges associated with charcoal production through multifaceted interventions, such as strengthening regulatory frameworks, promoting sustainable practices, facilitating reforestation efforts, engaging with local communities, and investing in research and data collection.</p><p>By shedding light on the intricate relationship between anthropogenic activities and ecological dynamics, this study contributes substantively to ongoing discussions surrounding sustainable resource management and environmental conservation in vulnerable ecosystems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666719324000931/pdfft?md5=7ec99f6becd5de5654ed90406bb6cf00&pid=1-s2.0-S2666719324000931-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141303090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-landslide restoration through multistrata agroforestry-based land management in the West Bogor area of Indonesia","authors":"Euthalia H. Sittadewi ,&nbsp;Iwan G. Tejakusuma ,&nbsp;Asep Mulyono ,&nbsp;Titin Handayani ,&nbsp;Adrin Tohari ,&nbsp;Zufialdi Zakaria","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The West Bogor area experienced a landslide disaster, causing extensive damage to secondary forest areas, plantations, and residential homes. Despite evacuations, the community persists in using the affected land for agriculture. This study aims to develop a land management model based on agroforestry for post-landslide restoration, to prevent landslide reactivation, and to provide benefits for the local community. Introducing an agroforestry system that includes deep-rooted trees and perennial crops on landslide-prone slopes can improve slope stability by enhancing soil structure and water retention, minimising erosion and landslides. The study examines unexplored aspects of landslide characteristics and zoning as a novel approach to improve mitigation strategies. We classify the post-landslides area into depletion, transition, and accumulation zones. The lithology comprises Breccia with pumice and Andesite gravels, a sandy tuff matrix, and Claystone underneath, acting as the slip surface. The northern landslide has depletion, transition, and accumulation zones ranging from 743 to 710 m above sea level (masl), 710 to 694 masl, and 694 to 676 masl. In the southern landslide, these zones range from 783 to 720 masl, 720 to 705 masl, and 705 to 676 masl. Based on the characteristics of those zones, we develop an agroforestry model in a vertical pattern with species strata, fast-growing local plants, strong and deep roots, and a relatively high evapotranspiration rate. The depletion zone is managed as a complex agroforestry system (forest type) consisting primarily of forest plants and plantation crops. The transition zone is a complex agroforestry (garden type) with plantation crops and some forest plants. The accumulation zone is a simple agroforestry system with seasonal crops. On almost flat land in an accumulation zone suitable for <em>Oryza sativa</em> cultivation, we apply <em>Cocos nucifera</em> as a protective plant. Soil fertility in all zones is improved with organic and inorganic fertilization, and it also increases the mycorrhizal population through the planting of leguminous plants. The multistrata agroforestry model, created and adapted to the specific characteristics and zoning of landslide-prone areas, is expected to significantly enhance landslide restoration and erosion mitigation and reduce the risk of future landslides. Such approaches can be extended to regions with comparable characteristics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666719324001006/pdfft?md5=dc1bc6cda0b5b4638286f0e3f5db4257&pid=1-s2.0-S2666719324001006-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141263945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}