International Journal of Civil Engineering, Construction and Estate Management最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of Capital Values of Duplex Residential Properties in Benin Property Market Segments","authors":"R. O. Sado, Ifeanyichukwu Valentine Nwafor, Inipami Prince Johnnie","doi":"10.37745/ijcecem.14/vol11n33142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/ijcecem.14/vol11n33142","url":null,"abstract":"Duplexes are types of residential properties built and designed on two floors to accommodate a single family unit and these have become a trending form of residential accommodation in recent times. An investor would be interested in observing the trend of capital value of such investment to be able to appreciate his venture. The aim of this study is to analyze the capital value of duplex residential properties in Benin property market, having the objectives of determining the trend and significance of variation of capital values in the identified market segments of Benin City. The survey research design was used as the research methodology. Estate surveying and valuation firms active in property management in Benin provided responses through questionnaires, interviews and observed documented records. Tables, graphs, trend analysis, and one-way ANOVA were used to examine the data collected. The study revealed that the trend of capital values of Duplexes has been steadily increasing over time, and indicated significant variation in the respective property market segments except in Siluko. As a result, it was concluded that the trends and variations could be attributed to the level of accessibility of the property, cost of building materials, trends in the property market, cost of land, and other factors, and that prospective investors should consider these factors before investing in Duplex residential property in Benin City in order to hedge over loss or depreciation of capital value of investment.","PeriodicalId":360552,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Civil Engineering, Construction and Estate Management","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133386128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of planning on Housing Development in Enugu State","authors":"Thomas Alama Etalong, W. Ezeodili","doi":"10.37745/ijcecem.14/vol11n34355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/ijcecem.14/vol11n34355","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of good policy formulation and detailed implementation cannot be overemphasized as it aid proper planning for developmental purposes, it is on this note that effective planning is crucial to housing development. The central objective of this is to examine the effect of planning on housing development in Enugu state, Nigeria. The study make use of descriptive research design while data were sourced using both primary and secondary data with the help of questionnaire which was distributed among 90 staff of Enugu state Economic Planning Commission, Enugu state Ministry of Land and Urban Development and Enugu State Housing Development Corporation. The data obtained were analyzed using table and lines, the result shows that effective planning bring about the following in housing development: Organized and Sustainable Growth, Infrastructure Development, Affordable Housing, Improved Housing Standards, Reduced Informal Settlements, Preservation of Cultural Heritage, Environmental Protection and Traffic Management. The result further identify challenges confronting effective planning on housing development, these include: Lack of Political Will, Inadequate Financial Resources, Land Availability and Acquisition, Bureaucratic Red Tape, Community Opposition and NIMBYism, Infrastructure Limitations, Environmental Concerns, Lack of Expertise and Capacity, Corruption and Mismanagement and Social and Cultural Considerations. The study recommended the need for cooperation between the government, developers, and the community to curb these challenges.","PeriodicalId":360552,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Civil Engineering, Construction and Estate Management","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124875552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Clients’ Involvement in Projects Management Life Cycle and Tertiary Institutions Project Delivery in Southwest, Nigeria","authors":"Y. F. Alake, O. J. Ojo, A. Lawal","doi":"10.37745/ijcecem.14/vol11n31030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/ijcecem.14/vol11n31030","url":null,"abstract":"Determining the effectiveness of the relationship between clients’ involvement and tertiary institutions building projects particularly in the Southwest region, is a crucial challenge as there have not been tangible attempts to empirically demonstrate how such involvement affects successful projects implementation. This study assessed effectiveness of clients’ involvement in projects life cycle of tertiary institutions projects delivery in South-West Nigeria. the study is aimed at improving the level of clients’ involvement in pre- construction, construction and post construction stages of tertiary institutions projects delivery. 405 copies of questionnaires were self-administered to construction projects stakeholders involved in the administration of tertiary institution projects in the South-West Nigeria while 290 copies of the questionnaire were retrieved representing 71.6%. The collected data were analysed using both descriptive (Mean Ranking and Relative importance Index (RII)) and inferential statistics (Partial Least Square in Structural Equation Modelling- PLS-SEM) with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and SMART-PLS. The study classified client involvement into time, cost and quality involvement. From the result of the study, timely provision of comprehensive control information at each stage of implementations process by the client leads to successful project delivery. Company's reputation (dCIPLC8) was ranked highest from quality involvement group while accuracy of project cost estimates (DCIPLC 13) was ranked first in the cost involvement group. Timely provision of comprehensive control information at each stage of implementations process by the client leading to successful project (dCIPLC 10) was adjudged first by all the respondents. Ability to handle unexpected crises and deviations from the plan which affects the duration of the project (dCIPLC 12) was ranked second. The result of the multivariate analysis revealed that the exogenous construct of timely involvement group had a positive significant relationship with all of the endogenous variables of pre-construction, post- construction and construction phases of the project at 95% level (β= 0.435, t = 3.197; β = 0.524, t = 4.857; β = 0.482, t = 4.526). The study also records a negative significant relationship between quality involvement groups and the endogenous variables of construction phase: (β = - 0.222, t= 1.875); post construction phase (β = -0.202, t = 1.977) and Pre construction phrase (β = -0.273, t = 3.015). The study concluded that involvement of client at each stage of tertiary institutions project will leads to successful project delivery.","PeriodicalId":360552,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Civil Engineering, Construction and Estate Management","volume":"191 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134497363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building Professionals’ Perspectives on the Implementation of Green Building for Climate Change Mitigation in Nigeria","authors":"C. U. Ugonabo, E. Oladejo","doi":"10.37745/ijcecem.14/vol11n319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/ijcecem.14/vol11n319","url":null,"abstract":"The building and construction sector is responsible for as much as one third of total global green house gas (GHG) emissions and about 80 percent of these emissions take place during the operational phase of buildings. This results in damage and destruction of buildings and infrastructure, delayed construction and increased costs. Through the practice of green building, these emissions especially CO2 can be significantly reduced in both developed and developing countries. The green building concept considers many ways that building services ner aq as well as other GHG impacts associated with the built environment, including the effects of alternative urban designs, the use of on-site power generation and life-cycle GHG emissions from building construction, materials, and equipment. This study reviewed green building practice in developed countries considering building professional’s perspectives of climate change mitigation in Nigeria through green building and found that despite the many benefits of green building such as enhancement of the comfort and health of occupants, improvement in air quality, occupants‟ satisfaction, reduction of aggregate future capital and maintenance costs, creation of job opportunities in the construction industry and protection of the ecosystem among others, there are numerous obstacles that prevent these benefits from being achieved. Some of the obstacles are lack of green building awareness by developers, unavailability of green building materials locally, lack of policy or guidelines for green building, and lack of adequate knowledge and technical know-how of green building among building professionals. It recommends public enlightenment of green building by government and non-governmental organizations, request for green building guidelines, and funding for green building research, development and implementation.","PeriodicalId":360552,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Civil Engineering, Construction and Estate Management","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130805259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring The Barriers to Global Trends in The Real Estate Development Industry: A Focus On Nigeria","authors":"I. W. Ozigbo, O. Nnamani, E. Onyekwelu","doi":"10.37745/ijcecem.14/vol11n35685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/ijcecem.14/vol11n35685","url":null,"abstract":"This general review paper explores current global trends in the real estate development industry as well as identifies the barriers to the growth and development of these industry trends in Nigeria. This study adopts the desk research approach using secondary information sourced from diverse databases. Content analysis of the secondary data show that advanced and some emerging markets have made tremendous progress in sustainable real estate development, disruptive technologies application in real estate development, real estate transparency, and development laws and regulation compared to Nigeria an emerging market. Barriers to the growth and development of the global trends in Nigeria’s real estate development industry were identified and grouped into eight sub-categories. Understanding these barriers and means to address them by policymakers, built environment experts and developers will result to sustainable growth and expansion of Nigeria’s real estate development industry. Further quantitative survey should be conducted to rate these factors in their order of significance.","PeriodicalId":360552,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Civil Engineering, Construction and Estate Management","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130495283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examination of The Impacts of Road Rehabilitation On Real Estate Values in Owerri Metropolis, Imo State (2010-2020)","authors":"Chinonso Ezenna Ogbonna, J. C. Onyejiaka","doi":"10.37745/ijcecem.14/vol11n2123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/ijcecem.14/vol11n2123","url":null,"abstract":"Transportation’s most significant impact on land development occurs when access is provided to land, as increased access to land raises its potential for development. Since 2010, Owerri Metropolis has witnessed unprecedented development within the socio-economic and political life of the state through road rehabilitation projects. Development and rehabilitation of road is essentially important to real estate activities, and the real estate market has experienced quite a number of developments as a result of the road infrastructure and rehabilitation going on over the years as many roads have been rehabilitated to solve the problem of traffic congestion in Owerri Metropolis. It is presumed by the researcher that the effect of road rehabilitation on the surrounding area is adding value to real estate. This study therefore examined road rehabilitation and its impacts on real estate values in Owerri Metropolis, Imo State. The study focused extensively on the road rehabilitation projects in Owerri Metropolis from 2010 to 2020 with a view to establishing how the residents as well as real estate values has been affected positively and negatively over the years. The population of the study consists of107 Estate Surveyors and Valuers, 39Real Estate Developers and 23,293 real property owners in Owerri Metropolis, consisting of Owerri Municipal, Owerri West and Owerri North LGAs, Imo State. The research adopted the survey method using structured questionnaires, personal interviews and observations as data collection instruments, with107 Estate Surveyors and Valuers, 39 Real Estate Developers and673 property owners constituting the sample size. The data collected were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistical tests. The hypotheses were tested using One-Sample T-Test. The study revealed that the process of road rehabilitation poses numerous challenges, and these challenges were significant enough that they exert negative influences on the residents at the time of execution. However, on completion, the benefits were more significant than the challenges that they go a long way to exert great positive influence on the values of real estate in the neighborhood. The study concluded by recommending that the rehabilitation of more roads will continue to present more benefits to the residents, and by so doing will continue to enhance real estate values in Owerri Metropolis, Imo State.","PeriodicalId":360552,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Civil Engineering, Construction and Estate Management","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122231944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emperical Correllation of Hydraullic Characteristics of Ikpa River Akwa Ibom State Nigeria","authors":"Christian Emeazor, C. Ikebude","doi":"10.37745/ijcecem.14/vol11n22438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/ijcecem.14/vol11n22438","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the hydraulic properties of the of IKPA river and and its impact on sediment transport. Measurements such as depths of the river, Top width, discharges were measured along the stretch of the river. The cross section of the river was divided with ranging poles with maximum distance of 4m apart. The maximum velocity of the river was 0.94m/s while the minimum velocity of 0m/s was recorded in the cross-section of the rivers. The maximum velocity of the river was recorded at the second vertical and the minimum velocity was recorded at the banks of the river and also on the bed of the river. The regression analysis of the velocity profile against depth at different stages showed a quadratic relationship between the velocity and depth of the river with R2 value of 0.962 which occurred at the 3rd vertical, of stage 2.2m. The highest discharge recorded at the stages of the river was 9.79m3/s which occurred at stage 3.28m. Regression analysis of the average depth against the discharge showed a power function relation which a maximum R2 value of 0.90. Results showed that the maximum discharge of the river recorded was 33.71m3/s at the velocity of 0.67m/s and at the depth of 1.73m from the bed of the river.","PeriodicalId":360552,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Civil Engineering, Construction and Estate Management","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114436338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Study on the Stabilization of Soft Soil Using Agricultural Wastes (Baggase Ash (BA) And Rice Husk Ash (RHA)","authors":"Azunna Chukwuma Vincent, C. Ikebude","doi":"10.37745/ijcecem.14/vol11n23969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/ijcecem.14/vol11n23969","url":null,"abstract":"Soft soils are expansive soils, also referred to as tropical clay. Soft soil may cause instability to foundations thereby reducing their service life, this necessitates the adoption of a suitable soil stabilization method in order to improve the engineering properties of soft soils. This research work aims at comparing the strength properties of soft soil stabilized using two different agricultural wastes- Bagasse Ash (BA) and Rice Husk Ash (RHA). The studies were conducted to determine the properties of the natural and treated soft soils, the oxide composition of BA and RHA and the evaluation of the effect of BA and RHA (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 % by dry weight of the soil) on the index and strength properties of soft soil, the determination of strength characteristics (proctor compaction , unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and California bearing ratio, (CBR) under soaked and unsoaked conditions) of soft soil with BA and RHA mixtures, the optimum blend of both BA and RHA needed for the stabilization of clay soil, the comparison of BA and RHA as stabilizing agents on the performance of clay soil. From the test results, it was observed of the natural moisture content of the clay soil was to be 18.02%, indicating that the soil material is a relatively high water holding material with very low porosity and specific gravities of 2.66. The maximum dry density (MDD) of BA treated soil increased with higher BA content to an optimum BA content lying between 8-10% of dry clay soil and MDD of RHA treated soil continuously decreased with addition of RHA to the clay soil. OMC of BA and RHA treated soils continuously increase, the BA treated clay soil increase with increase in BA content with a possible percentage increment of 11.20% and RHA treated clay soil increases continuously with addition of RHA to a percentage increment of 16.2%. BA content leads to a consequent increase in CBR to an optimum value of 9%. The optimum value of RHA content was obtained as 10% with a maximum CBR value of 28.72%. BA treated clay soil increase both CBR and UCS to percentage increment change of 630% and 91.41% respectively while percentage increments of 619.8% and 85.23% were recorded for RHA treated clay soil. BA thus improved the strength properties better in comparison to RHA although in smaller optimum percentage addition.","PeriodicalId":360552,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Civil Engineering, Construction and Estate Management","volume":"446 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122889166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyse d’une structure en béton arme de cinq niveau pouvant servir comme appartement dans la","authors":"Uwitonze Ndagijimana Heureuse","doi":"10.37745/ijcecem.14/vol11n270101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/ijcecem.14/vol11n270101","url":null,"abstract":"Le présent article a été élaboré dans le but de déterminer les éléments de structures d’une structure en béton armé R+4 pouvant servir comme appartement, les dimensions de ces éléments conformément avec la sécurité imposée et les règlements en vigueur, les caractéristiques du béton à utiliser, les aciers à employer et surtout comment allier ces deux éléments. Ensuite, elle devra entre autres durer dans le temps et résister aux éventuelles intempéries (vent, poussée des terres, …). Notre étude se propose l’objectif de faire une bonne étude de dimensionnement d’une structure en béton armé de cinq niveaux pouvant servir comme appartement dans la ville de Goma. Nous avons utilisé la méthode BTP qui nous a permis d’effectuer les calculs suivant les règles, les domaines d’application de réaliser la conception dans la structure tout en suivant les normes requises pour cet effet et la méthode analytique qui nous a permis d’analyser systématiquement les données ainsi que les informations récoltées afin d’en tirer de conclusion des recommandations. Cette méthode analytique nous a permis de déterminer les dimensions des éléments constituant notre structure. Après calcul, nous avons obtenu les résultats suivants : TOITURE TARRASSE Epaisseur de la dalle h=15cm ; suivant la petite portée : 6HA8 ; suivant la grande portée : 7HA8 DALLE A CORPS CREUX : Epaisseur de la dalle h=0,20m HOURDIS : h=0,16m DALLE DE COMPRESSION : Epaisseur de la dalle de compression h=0,4m avec les armatures : 3HA8/ml SECTION EN T POUTREILLE : H=0,40m ; b=0,20m ; Armature : 2HA10 POTEAU : Section 20cmX40cm LONGRINE : b=0,20m ; h=0,20m ; Armature principale : HA8 ; Armature de répartition : HA6 SEMELLE : A=0,5m ; B=1m ; Armature principale : 3HA12 ; Armature de répartition : 5HA12 Ayant respecté le coefficient minimum de sécurité, nous nous rassurons que cet immeuble de cinq niveau résisterait aux catastrophe naturelles bien qu’il soit construit dans une région volcanique","PeriodicalId":360552,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Civil Engineering, Construction and Estate Management","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130574980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Tenant Selection Bias and Discrimination in the Enugu Metropolitan Residential Property Market, Nigeria","authors":"C. U. Ugonabo, F. Emoh","doi":"10.37745/ijcecem.14/vol11n2102110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/ijcecem.14/vol11n2102110","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid rise in Nigeria’s population has led to a corresponding increase in demand for rental housing prompting real estate investors to capitalize on the opportunity by providing private rental housing for the teeming population and offset government’s inability to provide adequate accommodation. As the source of income of a rented house is the tenant, it is important for the landlord or his agent to select the best possible tenant. This paper investigates the tenant selection criteria adopted by registered Estate Surveying and Valuation firms in Enugu metropolis to identify the requirements for tenant selection and to examine the nature of bias and discrimination in their selection process with a view to determining the important criteria required of prospective tenants in securing a rental accommodation. The study adopts a survey research method. Structured questionnaires were administered to 44 registered real estate firms in Enugu metropolis. Data collected were analyzed using Relative Importance Index (RII) to rank tenant selection criteria. Findings revealed that though important tenant selection criteria such as employment/occupation (0.9758), nature of employment (0.9635), and ability to pay rents (0.9592) rank 1st, 2nd, and 3rd respectively, bias and discrimination factors such as ethnicity (0.8976), family size (0.8863), marital status (0.8757), and religion (0.8571) rank 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th respectively. Thus, there is a significant level of bias and discrimination in tenant selection in Enugu metropolis residential property market. The study recommends enactment of legislation that outlines the criteria to adopt when selecting tenants which is devoid of all forms of bias and discrimination, national re-orientation of citizens against ethnic bias which is the predominant form of bias in tenant selection, and enlightenment of landlords and property managers on the consequences of bias in tenant selection.","PeriodicalId":360552,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Civil Engineering, Construction and Estate Management","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117346206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}