Structural HeartPub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.shj.2025.100456
Besir Besir MD , Shivabalan Kathavarayan Ramu MD , Tamari Lomaia MD , Maryam Muhammad Ali Majeed-Saidan MD , Judah Rajendran MD , Issam Motairek MD , Serge C. Harb MD , Rhonda Miyasaka MD , Grant W. Reed MD , Rishi Puri MD , James J.Y. Yun MD , Amar Krishnaswamy MD , Samir R. Kapadia MD
{"title":"Outcomes of Patients With a Small and Large Aortic Annulus Following Balloon-Expandable Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Across Flow-Gradient Patterns","authors":"Besir Besir MD , Shivabalan Kathavarayan Ramu MD , Tamari Lomaia MD , Maryam Muhammad Ali Majeed-Saidan MD , Judah Rajendran MD , Issam Motairek MD , Serge C. Harb MD , Rhonda Miyasaka MD , Grant W. Reed MD , Rishi Puri MD , James J.Y. Yun MD , Amar Krishnaswamy MD , Samir R. Kapadia MD","doi":"10.1016/j.shj.2025.100456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shj.2025.100456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Patients with small annuli are at risk for worse hemodynamic performance after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). It is debatable whether a small annulus confers worse outcomes. This study explored the clinical outcomes following TAVR for patients with small and large annuli across flow-gradient subgroups of aortic stenosis (AS).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a retrospective cohort of patients >18 years who underwent TAVR at Cleveland Clinic between 2016 and 2020. Patients were classified into 2 groups according to annular size: small (area ≤430 mm<sup>2</sup>) and large (area >430 mm<sup>2</sup>). Patients undergoing TAVR with self-expanding valves and those with annular sizing using transesophageal echocardiography were excluded. Each group was subclassified into classical low-flow low-gradient (LFLG) AS, paradoxical LFLG AS, normal-flow low-gradient AS, and high-gradient AS. Clinical outcomes included mortality and heart failure rehospitalization.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study included 1866 patients, of which 709 (38%) had small annuli. There was no difference in heart failure rehospitalization and mortality between the groups in any of the 4 flow-gradient patterns: hazard ratio (HR) = 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51-1.69) for patients with classical LFLG AS, HR = 0.95, CI (0.62-1.47) for patients with paradoxical LFLG AS, HR = 1.16, CI (0.49-2.74) for patients with normal-flow low-gradient AS, and HR = 0.73, CI (0.50-1.07) for patients with high-gradient AS, using large annulus as a reference. Patients with small annuli had higher mean gradients, lower dimensionless valve index, and a higher incidence of hypoattenuated leaflet thickening and structural valve deterioration post-TAVR.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Patients with small and large annuli have similar intermediate-term clinical outcomes post-TAVR across all flow-gradient patterns treated with balloon-expandable valve.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36053,"journal":{"name":"Structural Heart","volume":"9 8","pages":"Article 100456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144878154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Structural HeartPub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.shj.2025.100469
Karl M. Richardson MD , Karanpreet K. Dhaliwal MD , Sebastian S. Hernandez BS , Rohesh J. Fernando MD , Matthew J. Singleton MS, MD , Prashant D. Bhave MS, MD
{"title":"Postoperative Transesophageal Echocardiographic Evaluation of Surgical Left Atrial Appendage Exclusion: Characterization and Predictors of Success","authors":"Karl M. Richardson MD , Karanpreet K. Dhaliwal MD , Sebastian S. Hernandez BS , Rohesh J. Fernando MD , Matthew J. Singleton MS, MD , Prashant D. Bhave MS, MD","doi":"10.1016/j.shj.2025.100469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shj.2025.100469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Mounting evidence suggests surgical left atrial appendage (LAA) exclusion reduces stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation. Prior older research suggests that LAA exclusion is often incomplete, but few transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) data exist evaluating LAA remnants.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed 121 patients with an available postoperative TEE who underwent LAA exclusion by surgical excision (SE), AtriClip occlusion (AO), or Tiger Paw occlusion (TO). TEE images were assessed for LAA remnant depths, presence of flow into remnant, and visible suture, thrombus, or pectinate. Successful LAA exclusion was defined as a remnant with depth past LAA ostium <1 cm in all available imaging angles.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Left atrial appendage exclusion was successful in 99/121 (82%) patients. Success varied numerically but not statistically by technique; 73/85 (86%), 22/29 (76%), 4/7 (57%) in the SE, AO, and TO groups, respectively. SE group had similar mean and max (cm) remnant depths (0.56 ± 0.32 and 0.65 ± 0.38) compared to the AO group (0.68 ± 0.38 and 0.81 ± 0.49) and TO group (0.69 ± 0.30 and 0.83 ± 0.40). Flow into LAA remnant was seen in 4.4% (SE), 15.0% (AO), and 20.0% (TO). Residual pectinate was seen in 18.8% (SE), 13.8% (AO), and 14.3% (TO); 8% in SE group had visible suture. Thrombus was seen in 2 cases within the SE group. In multivariable models, diabetes and heart failure predicted max LAA depth.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Postoperative TEE examination of LAA remnants revealed a relatively high failure rate by current standards. More data are needed to evaluate the clinical relevance of LAA remnant characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36053,"journal":{"name":"Structural Heart","volume":"9 8","pages":"Article 100469"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144878124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Structural HeartPub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.shj.2025.100684
Tanush Gupta MD , James T. DeVries MD , Hsiang-Ching Huang MS , Cathy S. Ross MS , David Butzel MD , James M. Flynn MD , Michael N. Young MD , Rony N. Lahoud MD , Frank Ittleman MD , Ansar Hassan MD , Harold L. Dauerman MD
{"title":"Trends in Isolated and Combined Aortic Valve Replacement for Severe Aortic Stenosis in Patients Younger Than 65 Years","authors":"Tanush Gupta MD , James T. DeVries MD , Hsiang-Ching Huang MS , Cathy S. Ross MS , David Butzel MD , James M. Flynn MD , Michael N. Young MD , Rony N. Lahoud MD , Frank Ittleman MD , Ansar Hassan MD , Harold L. Dauerman MD","doi":"10.1016/j.shj.2025.100684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shj.2025.100684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Recent data demonstrate near equalization in the use of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and isolated bioprosthetic surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in patients aged <65 years for treatment of isolated aortic stenosis (AS). Whether these trends are also seen across the entire spectrum of aortic valve replacement (AVR) procedures (including mechanical SAVR and concomitant procedures) is unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study included patients aged <65 years who underwent AVR for severe AS in the multicenter Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Group registry between 2015 and 2023. Patients were stratified by approach: TAVR, isolated SAVR, and combined SAVR (SAVR with concomitant procedures).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 1254 patients younger than 65 years who underwent AVR, 21.9% underwent TAVR, 39.7% underwent isolated SAVR, and 38.4% underwent combined SAVR. TAVR utilization more than doubled during the study period, with near equalization of TAVR and isolated bioprosthetic SAVR (28.3% and 30.8% of all AVR in 2021-2023, respectively). However, when including mechanical AVR and combined SAVR, TAVR only comprised approximately one-fourth of all AVR procedures. TAVR patients had a significantly higher burden of comorbidities compared with patients receiving isolated or combined SAVR.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this multicenter study, there is a consistent increase in TAVR use in patients <65 years old with preferential TAVR utilization in patients with higher comorbidities and risk. While approximately 50% of younger patients with isolated AS are receiving TAVR in recent study years, the overall utilization of TAVR in the broader group of patients with both isolated and combined AS remains approximately 25% of the overall AVR cohort.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36053,"journal":{"name":"Structural Heart","volume":"9 8","pages":"Article 100684"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144878935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Structural HeartPub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.shj.2025.100685
Gregory P. Fontana MD , Harun Kundi MD, MMSc , Steven V. Manoukian MD , Bruce Bowers MD , Todd M. Dewey MD , Charles T. Klodell MD , V. Seenu Reddy MD , John A. Riddick MD , Jorge A. Alvarez MD , Michael S. Chenier MD , Mark A. Groh MD , Marcos A. Nores MD , Pranav Loyalka MD , Francis J. Zidar MD , Julia B. Thompson MS , Maria C. Alu MS , David J. Cohen MD, MSc , Juan F. Granada MD , Martin B. Leon MD , Jeffrey J. Popma MD , Saibal Kar MD
{"title":"Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Among Medicare Beneficiaries: The Impact of Frailty and Social Vulnerability","authors":"Gregory P. Fontana MD , Harun Kundi MD, MMSc , Steven V. Manoukian MD , Bruce Bowers MD , Todd M. Dewey MD , Charles T. Klodell MD , V. Seenu Reddy MD , John A. Riddick MD , Jorge A. Alvarez MD , Michael S. Chenier MD , Mark A. Groh MD , Marcos A. Nores MD , Pranav Loyalka MD , Francis J. Zidar MD , Julia B. Thompson MS , Maria C. Alu MS , David J. Cohen MD, MSc , Juan F. Granada MD , Martin B. Leon MD , Jeffrey J. Popma MD , Saibal Kar MD","doi":"10.1016/j.shj.2025.100685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shj.2025.100685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an accepted alternative to surgery in many patients with severe aortic stenosis. Clinical trials have evaluated early and late outcomes in selected TAVR patients, but predictors of late mortality have been less well studied in a broadly inclusive, national patient cohort undergoing TAVR. We sought to characterize 5-year outcomes after TAVR in Medicare beneficiaries and to evaluate the incremental predictive value of demographics, comorbidities, procedural factors, frailty, and social vulnerability in determining late mortality risk.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We studied the fee-for-service Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services MedPAR database that includes patients aged ≥65 years undergoing TAVR between 2017 and 2022. The primary endpoint was 5-year mortality. Sequential multivariable Cox models were constructed, incrementally adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, procedural and hospital characteristics, and frailty and social vulnerability. Model performance was assessed using C-statistics and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 371,248 TAVR patients were included in the analysis. The baseline model, including only demographic factors (age, sex, and race), yielded modest model performance (C = 0.589). Inclusion of comorbidities improved the model discrimination substantially (C = 0.684; IDI +6.9%, <em>p</em> < 0.001), and adding hospital and procedural characteristics yielded additional gains (C = 0.695; IDI +0.9%, <em>p</em> < 0.001). The final model integrated frailty and social vulnerability and achieved the highest predictive accuracy (C = 0.705; IDI +1.0%, <em>p</em> < 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this large national cohort, frailty and social vulnerability significantly improved risk prediction for long-term mortality after TAVR. We conclude that sociodemographic and frailty-related factors are important components for prediction of 5-year mortality after TAVR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36053,"journal":{"name":"Structural Heart","volume":"9 8","pages":"Article 100685"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144878940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Structural HeartPub Date : 2025-07-29DOI: 10.1016/j.shj.2025.100709
Joseph Kassab MD, MS , Joseph Hajj MD , Rishi Puri MD, PhD , James Yun MD , Grant Reed MD , Amar Krishnaswamy MD , Serge C. Harb MD , Samir R. Kapadia MD
{"title":"Outcomes of Transcatheter or Surgical Treatment of Severe Aortic Stenosis in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease","authors":"Joseph Kassab MD, MS , Joseph Hajj MD , Rishi Puri MD, PhD , James Yun MD , Grant Reed MD , Amar Krishnaswamy MD , Serge C. Harb MD , Samir R. Kapadia MD","doi":"10.1016/j.shj.2025.100709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shj.2025.100709","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36053,"journal":{"name":"Structural Heart","volume":"9 9","pages":"Article 100709"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Structural HeartPub Date : 2025-07-29DOI: 10.1016/j.shj.2025.100708
Afik Snir MBBS, BE , Michael K. Wilson MBBS , Bianca Coelho BSc , Andrew Moussad MBBS , Christopher Naoum MBBS, PhD , Stephen G. Worthley MBBS, PhD , Michael J. Reardon MD , David S. Celermajer MBBS, PhD , Martin K. Ng MBBS, PhD
{"title":"Uniform Safety and Excellent Performance of Pressure-Regulated Deployment of Transcatheter Aortic Valves","authors":"Afik Snir MBBS, BE , Michael K. Wilson MBBS , Bianca Coelho BSc , Andrew Moussad MBBS , Christopher Naoum MBBS, PhD , Stephen G. Worthley MBBS, PhD , Michael J. Reardon MD , David S. Celermajer MBBS, PhD , Martin K. Ng MBBS, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.shj.2025.100708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shj.2025.100708","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36053,"journal":{"name":"Structural Heart","volume":"9 9","pages":"Article 100708"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Structural HeartPub Date : 2025-07-26DOI: 10.1016/j.shj.2025.100707
Raviteja R. Guddeti MD, Puvi Seshiah MD, Richard Bae MD, Nadia El-Hangouche MD, Alex Costea MD, Edward Schloss MD, Mehmet Yildiz MD, Santiago Garcia MD
{"title":"Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices and Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Replacement With the EVOQUE System: A Case-Review Series Highlighting Procedural and Management Considerations","authors":"Raviteja R. Guddeti MD, Puvi Seshiah MD, Richard Bae MD, Nadia El-Hangouche MD, Alex Costea MD, Edward Schloss MD, Mehmet Yildiz MD, Santiago Garcia MD","doi":"10.1016/j.shj.2025.100707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shj.2025.100707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Severe, untreated tricuspid regurgitation is associated with worse clinical outcomes. While isolated tricuspid valve (TV) surgery has been linked to poor long-term outcomes, transcatheter TV therapies, including edge-to-edge repair and transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement (TTVR), have emerged as effective alternatives and have been shown to improve outcomes, leading to their regulatory approval in the United States. Conduction system abnormalities are commonly seen among patients undergoing TTVR due to the close proximity of the atrioventricular node and the His bundle to the TV annulus. In the TRISCEND II (Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Replacement: Pivotal Clinical Investigation of Safety and Clinical Efficacy Using a Novel Device) trial, 38% of the patients had prior cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), while 25% of patients developed new conduction abnormalities necessitating implantation of new CIEDs. Concerns exist regarding trapping existing CIED leads during TTVR. Similarly, transvenous permanent pacemaker implantation post-TTVR has been reported to be associated with valve dysfunction. In this case-based narrative review, we describe case examples of patients with prior CIEDs undergoing TTVR and conduction abnormalities post-TTVR needing a new permanent pacemaker and discuss potential periprocedural strategies for optimal outcomes. Electrophysiologists specializing in periprocedural management of CIEDs, including lead extraction and post-TTVR device management, play a crucial role and should be part of a comprehensive heart team approach for optimal outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36053,"journal":{"name":"Structural Heart","volume":"9 9","pages":"Article 100707"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Structural HeartPub Date : 2025-07-15DOI: 10.1016/j.shj.2025.100702
Mark J. Zorman BM BCh , Katerina Dangas BM BCh , Jonathan Vibhishanan MB BChir , James Castle MBChB , Kate Eastwick-Jones BM BCh , Marco Coronelli MBBS , Mohamad S. Alabdaljabar MD , Kaleb Foster MD , Danuzia Silva MD, MPH , Parth Patel MD , Emma Johns MD , Palina Piankova MB BCh BAO, MSc , José Ordóñez-Mena MSc, Dr. sc. hum. , Sam Dawkins MBBS, DPhil , James Newton MB ChB, MD , Mackram F. Eleid MD , Mayra E. Guerrero MD , Thomas J. Cahill MBBS, DPhil
{"title":"Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement Using Contemporary Dedicated Devices: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Mark J. Zorman BM BCh , Katerina Dangas BM BCh , Jonathan Vibhishanan MB BChir , James Castle MBChB , Kate Eastwick-Jones BM BCh , Marco Coronelli MBBS , Mohamad S. Alabdaljabar MD , Kaleb Foster MD , Danuzia Silva MD, MPH , Parth Patel MD , Emma Johns MD , Palina Piankova MB BCh BAO, MSc , José Ordóñez-Mena MSc, Dr. sc. hum. , Sam Dawkins MBBS, DPhil , James Newton MB ChB, MD , Mackram F. Eleid MD , Mayra E. Guerrero MD , Thomas J. Cahill MBBS, DPhil","doi":"10.1016/j.shj.2025.100702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shj.2025.100702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dedicated transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) devices have emerged as a promising strategy for treating mitral regurgitation (MR) in high-risk patients with complex native valve anatomy. Early experience spans multiple devices utilizing both transapical and transseptal access. The aim of this study was to evaluate procedural, 30-day, and midterm outcomes of TMVR with contemporary dedicated mitral devices in patients with native MR.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search of Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library (January 2010-January 2025) was conducted. Pooled outcome estimates were derived using random-effects models, excluding legacy devices and cases of mitral stenosis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirteen studies (914 patients) were included in the analysis. The mean age was 75.4 years, and 69.8% had functional or mixed MR. Technical success was 96.3%. Residual MR was mild or less in 99% of patients at 30 days and 98% at 1 year. All-cause mortality was 11.0% at 30 days and 26.4% at 1 year. Over a mean follow-up of 12.1 months, rates of heart failure (HF) hospitalizations, cerebrovascular events, and valve reinterventions were 26.2, 5.6, and 6.0 events per 100 patient-years, respectively. Compared with transseptal access, transapical showed higher 30-day major bleeding (19.2% vs. 10.4%, <em>p</em> = 0.03) and all-cause mortality at 30 days (14.0% vs. 4.7%, <em>p</em> <0.001) and 1 year (27.7% vs. 13.1%, <em>p</em> = 0.005). Midterm rates of HF readmissions, major bleeding, and valve reinterventions were comparable between access routes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Contemporary dedicated TMVR devices demonstrate high technical success and sustained MR reduction. Transseptal access is associated with lower morbidity and mortality. Further research is needed to improve longer-term mortality and HF hospitalizations following TMVR with dedicated mitral devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36053,"journal":{"name":"Structural Heart","volume":"9 9","pages":"Article 100702"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144826623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}