Medicine in Microecology最新文献

{"title":"A population-based study of the salivary prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in Saudi Arabian adults with chronic periodontitis","authors":"Kawther Aabed ,&nbsp;Nadine Moubayed ,&nbsp;Rasha S. Ramadan ,&nbsp;Munerah S. BinShabaib ,&nbsp;Shatha Subhi ALHarthi","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><p>This study was designed to investigate the incidence of subgingival <em>Porphyromonas gingivalis</em> and <em>Aggregatiba</em>cter <em>actinomycetemcomitans</em> infections and their relationship with genetic variability in Saudi Arabian adults with chronic periodontitis and to evaluate the correlation between infection frequency and other variables.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were developed to detect <em>P. gingivalis</em> 16 ​S rDNA, fimbria (fimA), and collagenase (prtC) genes, as well as the A. actinomycetemcomitans 16 ​S rDNA, leukotoxin (lktA), and fimbria-associated protein (fap) genes in saliva samples from 50 patients with periodontitis and 51 healthy subjects.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The incidence of both <em>P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans</em> infections was higher (72% and 14%) in the “Periodontal disease” group than in the healthy subjects (P ​&lt; ​0.001). The P. gingivalis 16 ​S rDNA, fimA, and prtC genes were detected in 43.56%, 61.36%, and 84.09% of saliva samples, respectively, while <em>A. actinomycetemcomitans</em> 16 ​S rDNA, lktA, and fap genes were detected in 6.93%, 71.43%, and 0%, respectively. <em>P. gingivalis</em> strains with the fimA+/prtC ​+ ​genotype were found in 61.11% and 25% of chronic periodontitis patients and healthy subjects, respectively. By comparison, <em>A. actinomycetemcomitans</em> strains with the lktA+ ​genotype were found in 71.43% of chronic periodontitis patients.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Infection with fimA+ and prtC+ ​<em>P. gingivalis</em> or lktA+ ​<em>A. actinomycetemcomitans</em> was correlated with periodontal disease occurrence in Saudi adults. Nevertheless, <em>A. actinomycetemcomitans</em> lktA and <em>P. gingivalis</em> fimA and prtC are closely linked to periodontal destruction, whereas <em>A. actinomycetemcomitans</em> fap is not.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100086"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46251037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival and evasion of Neisseria meningitidis from macrophages","authors":"Riya Joshi,&nbsp;Sunil D. Saroj","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human is a host to billions of microbes and has developed sophisticated defense systems to stave off infections. Macrophages, which are at the forefront of innate immune protection against bacterial invaders, play a critical role in host responses to intracellular bacteria. At the same time, these phagocytes are prime targets for intracellular bacteria seeking to exploit host cells. <em>Neisseria meningitidis</em> belongs to a select group of bacterial pathogens with a sophisticated arsenal of virulence factors that can disrupt macrophage defense mechanisms or counter-balance the host's immunological defense mechanisms in order to ensure survival or expansion in a hostile environment. Worldwide, meningococci continues to play a significant role in the development of severe sepsis and meningitis. There is still much to learn about the tactics <em>N. meningitidis</em> uses to avoid immune response, such as mimicking host molecules, expression of virulence factor, capsule switching, and lipopolysaccharide phase changes. The macrophage evasion mechanisms of meningococcal present significant challenges for therapy and treatments. This review provides an overview of factors that meningococci utilize to manipulate macrophage immune responses and understand the asymptomatic and infection phases. Knowledge of the intricate web of host-pathogen interaction can help us find new target sites to devise effective therapeutics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100087"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45623817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of nutriment from monoculture fermentation of Adasonia digitata seeds by Penicillium chrysogenum on haematology and functional endpoints of intra and extrahepatic tissues in rats","authors":"M.R. Adedayo ,&nbsp;J.K. Akintunde ,&nbsp;A. Sani ,&nbsp;A. Boligon","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This current study is to identify the most appropriate dose against intra and extrahepatic toxic agents as well as hematosuppressive agent in rats. The animals were divided into six groups (n ​= ​10). Group 1 was placed on basal diet. Group II, III and IV were placed on a basal diets supplemented with 9.9%, 19.8% and 30%, respectively of MCF-ADSPC. Group V was placed on basal diet fed with unfermented <em>Adasonia digitata</em> seeds (UF-ADS) for 56 days. The results revealed 9.9% MCF-ADSPC as better dose to augment weight growth and total protein in rats. Similarly, MCF-ADSPC generated slight increase of WBC and centrophils count at lowest dose (9.9%) and highest dose (30%), respectively better than UF-ADS. The levels of PCV, RBC, haemoglobin, neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophils, basophils and monocytes showed no significant difference. Whereas, 19.8% MCF-ADSPC showed a better protection against hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, intestinal mucosa, abnormal cholesterol level and splenomegaly in relation to 9.9%, 30% MCF-ADSPC and UF-ADS. Conclusively, MCF-ADSPC nutriment at 19.8% dose protected functional endpoints of intra and extrahepatic tissues than UF-ADS in a rat model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100085"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47509941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogeographical effect on the diversity of vaginal microbiome in preterm birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Nkechi Martina Odogwu ,&nbsp;Oladapo O. Olayemi ,&nbsp;Akinyinka O. Omigbodun","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Women of European Ancestry are more likely to harbor a Lactobacillus-dominated microbiome that supports healthy pregnancy progression compared to women of African descent who are more likely to experience preterm birth due to a diverse microbial profile. However, to date, many of these studies linking a diverse vaginal profile to adverse pregnancy outcomes in women of African ancestry are commonly focused on Blacks in Westernized populations. To bridge this gap, a comparative systematic review and meta-analysis were performed by searching PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. A total of 40 studies assessing the vaginal microbiome and preterm birth using molecular-based techniques were selected for full-text review. After extensively analyzing these studies for experimental design, the method applied, clinical characteristics, and geographical location, only two articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. A meta-analysis was conducted by merging two studies comprising 217 samples from 115 pregnant women of African descent. Taxon analysis of vaginal profiles shows that Nigerian women had a significantly higher abundance of <em>Atopobium</em> (q&lt;0.05; permutation test), compared to African American (AA) women who were significantly more enriched with Sneathia (q&lt;0.05; permutation test). The mean Alpha-diversity was not significantly different between the AA and Nigerian groups (3.3 ​± ​0.09 versus 2.9 ​± ​0.09, p ​= ​0.10) respectively. Vaginal communities of AA women were relatively unstable, only <em>Ureaplasma</em> parvum remained stable throughout pregnancy (p_ADF &lt;0.001), whereas <em>L</em>. crispatus, L. iners, and Atopobium vaginae were relatively more stable over pregnancy (p_ADF &lt;0.001) in Nigerian women. In summary, our study indicated that there are differences in the core vaginal microbiome composition in women of similar ethnicity in different geographical locations. Future work should focus on advancing precision medicine by understanding the microbiome from an individual perspective, independent of ethnicity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100080"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42442263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influenza A virus and its antiviral drug treatment options","authors":"Pradumn P Singh ,&nbsp;Kushneet Kaur Sodhi ,&nbsp;Anil Kumar Bali ,&nbsp;Pallee Shree","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Influenza is an age-old disease. With its pandemic spread over various centuries, the virus remains one of the most challenging ones in the environment. Its fast-changing genome, RNA, is highly dynamic, and new variants of all the strains are discovered each year. Influenza A remains the most prevalent strain to infect the human race. With its fast multiplication rate, a sudden spike in hospitalization and high demand for antiviral drugs is seen during flu seasons. Antiviral drugs are considered the most suitable and specific since they attack particular steps of viral replication and halt it. Amantadine and Rimantadine were quite successful in their time, but the discovery of resistant strains of the virus limited humans from using it as a potent drug. Against all odds, the duo still provides a lot of information to learn from and implement in the field of research and also forms a base for discovering or formulating a more potent and long-lasting drug. Even though people rely more on vaccines, it is because of these drugs that any unprecedented situations, even in the vaccinated individuals, can be prevented and the lives of numerous patients can be saved. Amongst all the drugs, Baloxavir marboxil, Zanamivir, and Peramivir are preferred by most health systems because of their recent discovery, highly specific nature, and even high bioavailability. Parallel to antiviral drugs, nanotechnology is emerging as a new alternative for the treatment of Influenza.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100083"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41862122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofilms: Understanding the structure and contribution towards bacterial resistance in antibiotics","authors":"Pallee Shree ,&nbsp;Chandra Kant Singh ,&nbsp;Kushneet Kaur Sodhi ,&nbsp;Jaya Niranjane Surya ,&nbsp;Dileep Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The biofilm is a bacterial colony wrapped in an auto-produced polymer matrix of polysaccharides, proteins, and DNA. Bacterial biofilms cause persistent infections because they are more resistant to antibiotics, disinfectants, and the immune system of the body. Other significant biofilm characteristics are a gradient of oxygen and nutrition from the top layer to the bottom layer of biofilms. Lower bacterial cell metabolic activity and longer doubling rates are linked to the gradients; these are the quiescent cells responsible for some of the resistance to antibiotics. Biofilms may be avoided and cured with vigorous antibiotic prophylaxis or treatment early on and with continuous suppressive medication. This review discusses the development of antibiotic resistance and tolerance in bacteria due to biofilm formation, the tolerance mechanisms, and the development of persistent cells that induce antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Recent strategies to combat antibiotic resistance are also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100084"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49024423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiome typing in uveal melanoma is associated with plaque radiotherapy","authors":"Yuning Chen ,&nbsp;Jingting Luo ,&nbsp;Haowen Li,&nbsp;Rui Fang,&nbsp;Ruiheng Zhang,&nbsp;Yueming Liu,&nbsp;Jingying Xiu,&nbsp;Jie Xu,&nbsp;Yang Li,&nbsp;Wenbin Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Microbiomes have been identified in various tumor types and could affect tumor progression and treatment. As the most prevalent primary malignant eye tumor in adults, uveal melanoma (UM) has not been explored regarding its endogenous microbiome. Plaque radiotherapy (PRT) is the gold standard for the treatment of UM. Hereby, we recruited 71 UM patients, sequenced the 16S rRNA gene of their tumor tissues, and analyzed the association between UM microbiome and disease phenotypes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Clear bacterial signals were observed in UM tissues using fluorescence in situ hybridization. 450 bacterial species passed strict decontamination against 58 environmental control samples in 16S rRNA gene analysis, and these species formed three distinct types by unsupervised clustering. The UM microbiome types were significantly associated with PRT. A biomarker analysis showed that <em>Pseudomonas</em> was significantly enriched in the radiation group (RG) compared to the non-radiation group (NRG). A kind of radiation-resistant bacteria had a significantly higher positive rate in tumor tissues that underwent radiotherapy. We found that the radio-resistant bacteria <em>Deinococcus</em> was associated with smaller and earlier tumor stages, while <em>Pseudomonas</em> and <em>Stenotrophomonas</em> were associated with later metastasis.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>An endogenous microbiome might exist in UM tissues and was associated with UM features and treatment. Whether the tumor-residing microbiome has a role in UM development and metastasis is worth further investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100079"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50192382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial vaginosis: A state of microbial dysbiosis","authors":"Arijit Sankar Mondal ,&nbsp;Ritu Sharma ,&nbsp;Nitin Trivedi","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a polymicrobial vaginal dysbiosis alongside lactobacillus depletion that primarily affects women of reproductive age. The fishy odor vaginal discharge is the major cause of anaerobic pathogenic bacteria colonization. Symptomatic women face specific catastrophic physiological and immunopathological consequences in addition to an elevated risk of sexually transmitted infections. Further, rash antibiotic therapy has witnessed antimicrobial-resistance amplifying vaginal infections. The emergence of biofilm-associated antimicrobial-resistance has made the issue worsened. This article has gone on to explore novel regimens, advanced diagnosis, and various cutting-edge strategies that are found to be effective in addressing these problems and restoring vaginal health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100082"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42764164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of host immune responses by Lactobacillus through aryl hydrocarbon receptors","authors":"Zhipeng Huang ,&nbsp;Liwei Xie ,&nbsp;Liping Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that serves as a key environmental sensor and mechanistic regulator of both the epithelial barrier and systemic immunity. Exogenous ligands (aromatic compounds such as dioxins) and endogenous ligands (tryptophan and its metabolite family) are the two types of AhR ligands. In particular, certain gut flora contain enzymes involved in the metabolism of tryptophan to AhR ligands, and <em>Lactobacillus</em> is attractive among all intestinal flora which are capable of producing AhR ligands. This research reviews the probiotic effects of <em>Lactobacillus reuteri</em> and other <em>Lactobacilli</em> on immunological responses and gut barrier function via the AhR pathway, and it also provides evidence to support the probiotics as an alternative therapy for some specific diseases in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100081"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46839460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BCAA dysmetabolism in the host and gut microbiome, a key player in the development of obesity and T2DM","authors":"Na Li ,&nbsp;Zhipeng Cen ,&nbsp;Zhengde Zhao ,&nbsp;Zilun Li ,&nbsp;Sifan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) are essential amino acids required by mammals. Recently, accumulating evidence has revealed the important connection between the alterations of BCAAs and their metabolites in circulation and the development and prognosis of chronic metabolic diseases, especially obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The connection strongly suggests the pivotal role of dysregulated BCAA metabolism in obesity and T2DM. More importantly, BCAA anabolic and catabolic defects in host and gut microbiome often intertwine with glucose and lipid metabolism, which synergistically promote systemic insulin resistance and obesity/T2DM progression. However, the mutual effects of BCAA with glucose/lipid metabolism in different tissues of the host and the association of BCAA with gut microbiota, are not fully understood and summarized. In the current review, we focus on the mutual effects of BCAA with glucose/lipid metabolism in the host and gut microbiota modulation of BCAA metabolism, and further discuss the metabolic regulatory effects on the development of obesity and T2DM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100078"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42233283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}