Medicine in Microecology最新文献

{"title":"Identifying therapeutic effect of kombucha Pirdot (Saurauia vulcani Korth.) against colorectal cancer: The experimental data and in silico approach","authors":"Erlintan Sinaga ,&nbsp;Uswatun Hasanah ,&nbsp;Feimmy Ruth Pratiwi Sipahutar ,&nbsp;Murniaty Simorangkir ,&nbsp;Melati Nugrahalia Sipahutar","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2024.100105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medmic.2024.100105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study pioneers the evaluation of Kombucha Pirdot (KP) in combating colorectal cancer through combined in vivo and in silico methods. It involved categorizing rats into four groups (n = 6) consisting of the control, benzo(<em>a</em>)pyrene (B[<em>a</em>]P) treated, KP group, and a combination therapy for 30 days. The research focused on the interaction of <em>S.vulcani</em> and (B[<em>a</em>]P) compounds with colorectal signaling, using protein-protein interaction networks, molecular docking and dynamic simulation to assess compound affinity with target proteins. Furthermore, the epitope of colorectal cancer was aligned with the kombucha microorganism to explore the cross-reactivity. The experimental data demonstrated that B[<em>a</em>]P impaired colon histoarchitecture and elevated interleukin1β, whereas KP countered these effects. The study pinpointed key proteins and notable S. vulcani compounds linked to colorectal cancer. Moreover, six epitope candidates of colorectal cancer were obtained which have an identity of 65%–95 % for query coverage with <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em> and <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> that bind and fluctuate stability to core regions of HLA- A*0101 and HLA-DRB1*0101. Overall, the results underscore KP's potential as a viable option in developing colorectal cancer treatments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590097824000089/pdfft?md5=db1a1cd437eeb2c6524ce26e8f4828be&pid=1-s2.0-S2590097824000089-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140548579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotics and the gut microbiome: Understanding the impact on human health","authors":"Rahul Harikumar Lathakumari,&nbsp;Leela Kakithakara Vajravelu,&nbsp;Abhishek Satheesan,&nbsp;Sujith Ravi,&nbsp;Jayaprakash Thulukanam","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2024.100106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medmic.2024.100106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Antibiotic use has become problematic because it unintentionally upsets the delicate equilibrium of the human gut microbiota. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum ones, that were once regarded as life-saving treatments for bacterial infections instead indiscriminately destroy the good bacteria that are essential for preserving gut health in addition to their target pathogens. Antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis, the term for this disturbance, sets off a series of adverse reactions that negatively impact the gut microbiome, resulting in a decline in microbial diversity and the creation of an environment that is favourable to the establishment of strains that are resistant to antibiotics. Antibiotic exposure has wide-ranging effects from prenatal to adulthood; research has shown long-term effects include increased risk of antibiotic resistance, obesity, allergies, asthma, and altered metabolic processes. This thorough investigation emphasises the critical need for a more sophisticated knowledge of the effects of antibiotic therapy on the gut microbiota and the necessity of implementing all-encompassing solutions that reduce its detrimental effects and protect human health throughout life.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590097824000090/pdfft?md5=76f746b93b356dd6230aa05c1357fa72&pid=1-s2.0-S2590097824000090-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140548578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marburg virus is nature's wake-up call: A bird's-eye view","authors":"Sanjit Boora ,&nbsp;Sulochana Kaushik ,&nbsp;Jaya Parkash Yadav ,&nbsp;Samander Kaushik ,&nbsp;Dharmender Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2024.100102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medmic.2024.100102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Marburg virus (MARV), a member of Filoviridae family, is notorious for causing Marburg virus disease (MVD), one of the deadliest known infectious diseases. Over the past five decades, more than 15 MVD outbreaks have been reported in the African countries, and this has been reported from Equatorial Guinea on February 2023. Few bat species like <em>Rousettus aegyptiacus</em> and <em>Hipposideros caffer</em>, among other members of the <em>Chiroptera</em> order, may serve as a natural reservoir for the virus, which can transmit the disease to humans and other mammals. In humans, severe infections have been reported due to MVD and are characterized by clinical symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, pharyngitis, and diarrhea, eventually progressing to hemorrhagic manifestations. The disease carries an extremely high mortality and morbidity rate. Developing and implementing rapid, accurate, affordable, and efficient diagnostic and therapeutic measures is essential to address the substantial threat MARV poses. Increased focus on health education, enhancement of laboratory services and facilities, adherence to patient safety protocols, and robust surveillance systems are urgently needed to combat this fatal disease. This review aims to present a comprehensive summary of the various attributes and characteristics of MARV/MVD, along with strategies for its prevention and control. Further, this review article also discusses the potential role of medicinal plants in addressing health challenge.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590097824000053/pdfft?md5=2c71cdbae491266129b050b939bbab9d&pid=1-s2.0-S2590097824000053-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140042056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subunit 76-kDa surface protein of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is potentially useful for MRSA diagnostic tool","authors":"Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq ,&nbsp;Lola Ayu Istifiani ,&nbsp;Syafrizal Aji Pamungkas ,&nbsp;Dewi Santosanigsih","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2024.100103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medmic.2024.100103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the polyclonal antibody generated from the subunit surface protein of MRSA for MRSA detection.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The MRSA clinical isolates were identified by the cefoxitin disc diffusion test and confirmed by <em>mecA</em> PCR. The surface protein from the clinical isolates of MRSA was extracted and characterized with hemagglutination and adherence inhibition assays. Polyclonal antibody against the selected protein was produced in mice and then used for Western blot experiments.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Four conserved surface protein bands (63, 76, 88, and 114-kDa) were found in each MRSA clinical isolate. Hemagglutination reaction was demonstrated by the subunit 76 and 114-kDa surface protein of MRSA at 1:32 dilution. Such proteins were identified as adhesive molecules in the enterocytes. The sensitivity and specificity of the polyclonal 76-kDa antibody in detecting MRSA were 94.59% and 85.14%, respectively, with the Kappa values fall under the interpretation of substantial agreement (0.752) with the gold standard, suggesting it is useful for MRSA detection.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Subunit 76 and 114-kDa surface proteins of MRSA exhibit adhesive properties in mediating MRSA infection. The polyclonal antibody of 76-kDa generated from the surface protein of MRSA could be used as an alternative for the identification of clinical isolates suspected with MRSA infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590097824000065/pdfft?md5=57a42c8730f596f04d5f974a040048e1&pid=1-s2.0-S2590097824000065-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140135087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota nexus: Exploring the interactions with the brain, heart, lungs, and skin axes and their effects on health","authors":"Pallab Chakraborty ,&nbsp;Debolina Banerjee ,&nbsp;Paramita Majumder ,&nbsp;Joy Sarkar","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2024.100104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2024.100104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is becoming widely understood that gut microbiota and human health are related. It is now well-accepted that healthy gut flora plays a significant role in the host's overall health. The gut flora is a diverse and dynamic collection of microorganisms in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract, significantly impacting the host during homeostasis and disease. This microbial community's diversity is host-specific and changes throughout an individual's lifespan. The gut flora controls several metabolic pathways in the host, leading to interacting host-microbiota metabolic, signalling and immune-inflammatory axes that physiologically link the gut with the brain, heart, lung and skin. Numerous inflammatory illnesses and infections have been connected to altered gut bacterial composition or dysbiosis. Optimising therapeutic and probiotic approaches to control the gut microbiota to treat disease and promote health requires a deeper understanding of these axes. This review confers our current understanding of the connections between gut flora with the brain, heart, lungs, and skin and also portrays the diseases correlated with these axes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590097824000077/pdfft?md5=9f6103c6bfc1383a267d0d61f5dd849c&pid=1-s2.0-S2590097824000077-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140269002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of human microbiota in the development of colorectal cancer: A literature review","authors":"Ariana Torres-Galarza ,&nbsp;Zorayda Toledo ,&nbsp;Natalia Bailón-Moscoso","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2024.100100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2024.100100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Colorectal carcinoma is the third most common neoplasm with the highest incidence and most second mortality in the world, being, for the most part, considered a multifactorial disease. Recent studies have shown a possible interaction with the intestinal microbiota as a factor for the development of cancer based on the tumour microenvironment. In this work we aim to perform a research of existing body of literature related to the link between the microbiome and cancer. Here, it discusses dysbiosis data found in humans, as well as genotoxicity studies and/o pro-carcinogenic mechanisms including <em>Fusobacterium nucleatum</em>, <em>Bacteroides fragilis</em>, <em>Parvimonas micra</em>, <em>Porphyromonas</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em> pks+. In addition, the use of specific bacteria as diagnostic markers and carcinoma stage, host genetics as a conditioning factor, as well as the manipulation of the microbiota employing natural products and probiotics can have benefits in the response to treatments in patients with colorectal cancer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259009782400003X/pdfft?md5=35fe9bc9435275ded656e1aed917d3bd&pid=1-s2.0-S259009782400003X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139892518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-based monkeypox virus image prognosis with feature selection and advanced statistical loss function","authors":"Sonam Yadav ,&nbsp;Tabish Qidwai","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2024.100098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2024.100098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recently, the monkeypox virus has gained paramount attention due to various complications entangled within it. These complications encompass pneumonia, eye problems, and secondary-skin infections. Current complications include swelling and sores within the rectum that would result in pain or complexity while urinating. Due to such complexities, it is crucial for monkeypox detection. Concurrently, with the evolvement of AI (Artificial Intelligence) based methods, existing works have tried to perform better detection of monkeypox and non-monkeypox. Nevertheless, these studies have been lagging in accuracy rate. As an enhancement, this study proposes RN-50-ZCA (Residual Network-50-Zero Phase Component Analysis) for feature extraction to attain enhanced classification performance. ZCA-whitening is utilized with RN-50, which assists in accurately identifying the features that agree with the image lesions. This approach incorporates data normalization and later linear transformation that has been considered to support lessening co-variance among the features. This also maintains the concrete variance. To fuse the features, PCA (Principal Component Analysis) is used. Finally, the research proposes MXGBoost (Modified eXtreme Gradient Boosting) based on statistical loss function for classifying monkeypox and non-monkeypox images (other viral samples, chickenpox samples, and smallpox samples) for acquiring effective prediction. Using MXGBoost with the loss function aids in extemporizing the prediction rate of the model by considering certain features of the issues being modelled. With such factors, the proposed loss function can support diminishing overfitting, thereby improvising the generalizability of the model. The performance of this study is assessed by comparison with three studies, and the analytical results exposed the better prediction rate of the proposed system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100098"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590097824000016/pdfft?md5=c83565d2949c199e7b96aa17a7b4a0de&pid=1-s2.0-S2590097824000016-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139457303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of the gut microbiome in cardiovascular diseases: Association of gut microbiome with cardiovascular diseases, therapeutic interventions and multi-omics approach for precision medicine","authors":"Prabhakar Singh ,&nbsp;Ramu Meenatchi ,&nbsp;Z.H Tawfeeq Ahmed ,&nbsp;Aswin Thacharodi ,&nbsp;Rohinth M ,&nbsp;Rejith RS. Kumar ,&nbsp;Harsha Varthan M K ,&nbsp;Saqib Hassan","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a major global health burden, and emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in their pathogenesis and progression. This review paper aims to comprehensively analyze the intricate interplay between the gut microbiome and cardiovascular health. An extensive examination of existing literature explores how gut microbial composition and function influence CVD risk factors, such as inflammation, lipid metabolism, and blood pressure regulation. Additionally, we delve into the impact of dietary patterns, medications, and lifestyle factors on shaping the gut microbiota and how these changes can exacerbate or ameliorate cardiovascular outcomes. We also discuss COVID-19, gut microbiome and CVDs. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of gut microbiome-targeted interventions as promising avenues for preventing and managing CVDs. By consolidating the current knowledge, this review aims to shed light on the intricate link between the gut microbiome and cardiovascular diseases and highlights the potential for novel therapeutic strategies to combat this significant public health challenge.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100096"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590097823000216/pdfft?md5=70b905606e4b1da7276f4f47176a7131&pid=1-s2.0-S2590097823000216-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139019168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of single-strain Prevotella histicola on KLH-driven immune responses in healthy volunteers: A randomized controlled trial with EDP1815","authors":"Mahdi Saghari ,&nbsp;Pim Gal ,&nbsp;Hendrika W. Grievink ,&nbsp;Erica S. Klaassen ,&nbsp;Ahnjili Zhuparris ,&nbsp;Andrea Itano ,&nbsp;Mark Bodmer ,&nbsp;Duncan McHale ,&nbsp;Matthijs Moerland","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>EDP1815 is a single-strain of <em>Prevotella histicola</em> with preclinical immunomodulatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate pharmacodynamic effects of EDP1815 on the immune response following immunization with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and dermal rechallenge.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Thirty-two healthy subjects (median 30, range 18–59 years) were randomized over two cohorts to EDP1815 or placebo (12:4). Both cohorts received 8.0 × 10¹¹ total cells daily for 28 days, reconstituted in 10 (A formulation) or 5 (B formulation) capsules. KLH-specific antibodies and circulating regulatory T cells were evaluated. Skin response after rechallenge was assessed with imaging. Immune cell subsets from blister exudates were assessed in the B cohort only. <em>Ex vivo</em> phytohemagglutinin and lipopolysaccharide whole blood challenges were performed to evaluate cytokine release. Gastrointestinal tract persistence, prevalence, and colonization of EDP1815 were assessed by fecal qPCR and microbiome assays. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of covariances.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There was a trend toward a treatment effect on the KLH-induced skin rechallenge response (CIELab a* estimated difference (ED) −1.50 arbitrary unit (AU), 95% CI −3.47–0.47 AU, <em>P</em> = .13, and average redness ED −0.14 AU, 95% CI −0.31–0.03 AU, <em>P</em> = .10 in B cohort) and, to a lesser extent, on the humoral KLH response. No notable EDP1815 effects were observed on gut persistence, microbiome, and other safety parameters.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Based on our findings and the clinical benefit observed in the phase 2 study in psoriasis, further investigation of the immunomodulatory effects and potential clinical benefit of EDP1815 is warranted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100088"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590097823000137/pdfft?md5=3d1a83b16f5326c61dd3c9da1f4dd335&pid=1-s2.0-S2590097823000137-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135249137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of probiotics in the management of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity","authors":"Serina Easmin,&nbsp;Moulik Bhattacharyya,&nbsp;Krishna Pal,&nbsp;Priya Das,&nbsp;Ranabir Sahu,&nbsp;Gouranga Nandi,&nbsp;Paramita Paul,&nbsp;Tarun Kumar Dua","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2024.100099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2024.100099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>New research shows that gut microbes have a role in the management of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, with underlying processes involving mucosal and/or systemic inflammation or metabolic abnormalities. However, the gut microbiota profile in cisplatin-related nephrotoxicity patients has not been fully investigated. Databases were rigorously reviewed for investigations contrasting the gut microbial profiles on effective probiotics against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity from 1998 to 2023. Cisplatin's use is often restricted due to adverse effects like nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, neurotoxicity, and vomiting. Probiotics, or gut microbiota, are crucial for maintaining health and treating diseases, particularly kidney damage. The current study reviewed that patients with cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity can be protected by using supplementation of probiotics. Scientific research has focused on the active participation of natural supplementation on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity issues. Different preclinical studies showed that the probiotics treat cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, but further clinical tests are needed for full confirmation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100099"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590097824000028/pdfft?md5=cf0c7bb29d00b06cbd00612cf6f4a769&pid=1-s2.0-S2590097824000028-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139637733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}