Energy & Fuels最新文献

{"title":"A Review of Proton-Conducting Electrolytes for Efficient Low-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives","authors":"Javed Rehman*,&nbsp;Muhammad Bilal Hanif*,&nbsp;Muhammad Zubair Khan,&nbsp;Mohib Ullah,&nbsp;Inna A. Starostina,&nbsp;Maria Taj Muhammad and Zhipeng Li,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c0368310.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c03683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c03683https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c03683","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Aiming to replace traditional energy sources such as coal and oil, researchers from around the world are working hard to develop green technologies that offer safer and more efficient ways to produce clean energy. In this regard, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have steadily grown in popularity because of their ability to produce electricity through electrochemical reactions. However, the notable drawback of typical solid oxide fuel cells is the high operating temperature, generally over 700–1000 °C. Low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFCs) are a promising energy technology that offers several advantages for stationary and mobile power generation at low temperatures. LT-SOFCs are highly dependent on electrolyte materials characterized by proton-conducting oxides. This review discusses progress in the development of proton-conducting solid oxide electrolytes for LT-SOFCs, including advances from materials to devices. In detail, this work focuses on improving performance through various strategies, manipulating the composition and properties of proton-conductors, and addressing the opportunities and challenges associated with their development. Solid oxide materials containing proton-conducting components play a crucial role in the efficient functioning of hydrogen-based energy devices, such as electrolyzers, SOFCs, electronic systems, and hydrogen separation membranes. To enhance the performance of these devices, it is essential to identify materials that efficiently conduct protons and remain durable under hydrogen and water exposure. This study offers valuable insights and guidelines for designing oxide materials with rapid proton diffusion and strong durability, contributing to the continuous improvement of such devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"38 23","pages":"22637–22665 22637–22665"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142842901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Lithium-Ion Diffusion Kinetics and Inhibition Volume Expansion via Sn-Bridged N-Doped Carbon and SiOx for Highly Reversible Lithium-Ion Storage","authors":"Shilong Xu,&nbsp;Wenmao Tu*,&nbsp;Ziyi Xu,&nbsp;Duxin Zhang,&nbsp;Siqi Sun,&nbsp;Hongfei Pan*,&nbsp;Haining Zhang* and Yadong Wang,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c0454510.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c04545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c04545https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c04545","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Silicon oxide (SiO_<i>x</i>) is becoming a hot spot in the research of anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. However, the low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE), weak conductivity, unsatisfied rate performance, and significant volume changes during cycling of SiO_<i>x</i> have hindered its commercial application. Herein, a silicon–carbon composite material (SiO_<i>x</i>/C–Sn@NC) was synthesized, featuring metal tin that is embedded within and on the surface of the SiO_<i>x</i> framework. Additionally, a nitrogen-doped carbon layer was incorporated into the material to further mitigate volume changes. Benefitted from the discrepant lithiation/delithiation potentials of Sn and Si, the formed structure significantly limits the volume changes of the formed anode during the cycle, enhancing the cycle life and stability of the SiO_<i>x</i>/C–Sn@NC material. Additionally, multiple nodes are provided in the part where the bridged Sn is in contact with the N-doped carbon to enhance the Li⁺ diffusion during charge and discharge and overall conductivity, promoting the lithium-ion diffusion kinetics. The SiO_<i>x</i>/C–Sn@NC anode displays an ICE of 73.42% at 0.5 A g^–1, retaining a capacity of 680 mAh g^–1 after 500 cycles. In addition, this anode also exhibits excellent cycle performance of 591 mAh g^–1 after 500 cycles, with an ICE of 70.37% at a current of 2 A g^–1. The prominent cycle performance and electrochemical stability of SiO_<i>x</i>/C–Sn@NC far surpass those of commercial silicon–carbon and graphite, offering a new pathway for the commercial application of silicon oxide-based anodes.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"38 23","pages":"23114–23125 23114–23125"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142851059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tandem Thermocatalytic Reaction for CO2 Fixation into Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes","authors":"Eunchae Oh,&nbsp;JeongA Kim,&nbsp;Jaewon Jang,&nbsp;Nodo Lee,&nbsp;Jaehoon Sah,&nbsp;Harok Jeong,&nbsp;Sang Won Lee,&nbsp;Dong Young Kim,&nbsp;Seung-Yeol Jeon,&nbsp;Byung-Joo Kim,&nbsp;Junghoon Yang* and Jungpil Kim*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c0409610.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c04096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c04096https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c04096","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Converting carbon dioxide (CO₂) to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is economically advantageous due to the high cost of CNTs. However, the one-step conversion of CO₂ to CNTs compromises their quality owing to the oxidizing nature of CO₂. We synthesized single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) from CO₂ via a two-step tandem process. CO₂ was converted to methane (CH₄) using a Ni/SiO₂ catalyst with various Ni contents, achieving a CH₄ selectivity of &gt;96.0% at 300 °C on 30 wt % Ni/SiO₂. Subsequently, CNTs were produced from the mixed gas consisting of 12.1% CH₄, 4.2% CO₂, 5.8% CO, 36.2% H₂, and 41.7% carrier gas using Fe–Mo/MgO catalyst at temperatures of 700–900 °C. High-yield CNTs were produced from the mixed gas, as demonstrated by analysis of CH₄ conversion rate and CNTs yield at different reaction temperatures. The temperature increase enhanced the CNTs crystallinity, reducing their diameter and the number of walls. Electrochemical diagnostic analysis reveals the synthesis of a higher proportion of SWCNTs at 900 °C. The proposed approach demonstrates a promising strategy for high-value CO₂ utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"38 23","pages":"22974–22985 22974–22985"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142843246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of CO2 Uptake Capacity in Source Rock Shales for Geologic Carbon Sequestration: A 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Method","authors":"Jin-Hong Chen*,&nbsp;Stacey Althaus,&nbsp;Younane Abousleiman and J. David Broyles,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c0452510.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c04525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c04525https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c04525","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) is an accepted technology to reduce anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere. To determine the suitability of underground rocks for GCS, the prospective ultimate CO₂ storage capacity of a unit volume of an intact rock sample must be accurately estimated. Unconventional source rock shale reservoirs, which are currently the most abundant and exploited reservoir types, are being field assessed for GCS based on their physical and chemical structures and their unique capacity to store the injected CO₂. Gas storage capacity estimation in these low permeability organic-rich rocks is essential and has been practiced using pulverized rock samples and traditional adsorption methods. The reliability and accuracy of these classical methods are compromised first by the destruction of the intact source rock sample and second by the unsuitability to mimic <i>in situ</i> reservoir rock conditions. A new method was developed using ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to measure the ultimate storage volume of CO₂ in preserved structurally intact organic-rich source rocks. The total volume of CO₂ storage in these extremely low permeability rocks gives the ultimate CO₂ uptake capacity under the set conditions and is termed absolute gas sorption (AGS). Using the NMR properties, the chemical shift and the transverse relaxation time of CO₂ in interstitial and bulk states allow us to separate CO₂ inside and outside the bulk shale rock. The NMR methods have been shown to accurately measure AGS of CO₂ on the preserved intact organic-rich source rock plugs containing <i>in situ</i> original fluids. These new estimates in CO₂ storage volumes measured show the feasibility and practicality of using organic-rich shale reservoirs as a potential low-cost field operation worldwide for GCS.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"38 23","pages":"23025–23033 23025–23033"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142850113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Changes in the Composition of Oil Well Cement with Core/Shell Nanoparticle Addition under CO2 Geological Storage Conditions","authors":"Giovanni dos Santos Batista,&nbsp;Antonio Shigueaki Takimi and Eleani Maria da Costa*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c0368610.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c03686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c03686https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c03686","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This work studies the influence of incorporating core/shell nanoparticles of TiO₂ covered with SiO₂ (TiO₂@SiO₂ <i>n</i>TS) in oil well cement class G, evaluating chemical changes in the cement composition due to CO₂ attack. The benefits of <i>n</i>TS, including its self-dispersion, pozzolanic properties, and filler effects, make this nanoparticle an attractive supplementary cementitious material for oil well applications. The cement slurry mixing followed the American Petroleum Institute procedures, and no dispersive method was applied for <i>n</i>TS. Hardened cement pastes with water/binder ratios of 0.44 and 0.35, the last being with 0.15 wt % of polycarboxylate ether additive (PCE), were cured in an autoclave (60 °C and 40 bar) for 24 h and then submitted to degradation tests in CO₂-saturated water at high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) (90 °C and 150 bar) during 7, 14, and 21 days. The characterization of the carbonated pastes was conducted using advanced techniques. X-ray microtomography and scanning electron microscopy showed that adding <i>n</i>TS and PCE significantly reduced the carbonation depth and the diffusion coefficient, with the latter decreasing by nearly an order of magnitude. Thermogravimetric and X-ray diffraction (Rietveld) analyses showed 1.32 and 1.90% higher CH amounts after carbonation in the mixtures with <i>n</i>TS, respectively. Moreover, in <i>n</i>TS’s presence, a lower content of CaCO₃ was observed. The CaCO₃ and C–S–H were characterized using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C and ²⁹Si). Results indicated that Aragonite is the main polymorph of CaCO₃ formed, while C–S–H exhibited a lower decalcification degree when <i>n</i>TS was added (about 4.10% lower). Compressive strength tests of the mixtures with <i>n</i>TS and PCE were approximately 31.6% higher when compared with REF–PCE (without <i>n</i>TS). Therefore, the combined effect of <i>n</i>TS and PCE showed interesting properties for HTHP applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"38 23","pages":"22947–22958 22947–22958"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c03686","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142843245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Pressure Oxidation of an Ammonia–Methanol Mixture: An Experimental and Modeling Study","authors":"Haochen Zhan,&nbsp;Shujie Shen,&nbsp;Geyuan Yin*,&nbsp;Yangyang Bao,&nbsp;Erjiang Hu and Zuohua Huang,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c0367110.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c03671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c03671https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c03671","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Mole fraction profiles of key species were measured to determine the effect of equivalence ratios on the oxidation of an ammonia–methanol mixture under low to intermediate temperatures and high-pressure conditions. Experiments were conducted in a flow reactor at 5.0 MPa between 650 and 1250 K under different equivalence ratios. A detailed mechanism for the oxidation of the NH₃/CH₃OH mixture was established; this new model was consistent with the experimental measurements and was adopted for further kinetic analysis. The experimental data also revealed that the equivalence ratio had little effect on the initial reaction temperatures of both NH₃ and CH₃OH, while the kinetic analysis revealed that the dehydrogenation of CH₃OH by O₂, which triggers the oxidation of the fuel mixture, starts at the same temperature and has the same rate of production regardless of the equivalence ratio. In addition, the concentrations of NO and N₂O were found to change nonmonotonically with temperature, especially under fuel-lean conditions, with peak NO and N₂O concentrations increasing with oxygen content. H₂NO plays a dominant role in NO production and reacts as a chain carrier that converts NH₂ to NO. Under fuel-rich conditions, the lack of OH radicals inhibits the oxidation of NH₃ and the production of NH₂. Furthermore, the C–N interaction between CH₃OH or CH₂O and NH₂ is favored, resulting in the reduction of NH₂ back to ammonia. This decrease in the level of NH₂ and H₂NO radicals results in less NO generation.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"38 23","pages":"23091–23100 23091–23100"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142850114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2D/2D Nanocomposite of Graphene-Supported Cu-Doped Co-MOF for High-Performance Supercapacitor Applications","authors":"Farimah Mousavi*,&nbsp;Shahram Ghasemi* and Mojtaba Shamsipur,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c0412410.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c04124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c04124https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c04124","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with high specific surface areas and various functional groups are promising electrode materials for supercapacitor applications. Here, different structural models of simple and functionalized CNMs, including graphene, carbon nanotubes, and graphene quantum dots, and plain and doped zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-9), were computationally designed. The electronic properties of the optimized structures were further studied. Among the investigated categories, graphene and ZIF-9 (CoCu) showed the shortest bandgap, and their composite was chosen for charge storage demands. Therefore, the optimum structure of ZIF-9 (CoCu) was synthesized by the hydrothermal method and characterized by different techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopies. The ratio of Co/Cu was found to be 7:1 by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy determined a two-dimensional (2D) morphology for the as-synthesized MOF structure. According to the X-ray diffraction patterns, the doping of copper ions has shrunk the crystal structure of ZIF-9 (Co), and the crystallite size was reduced to half in ZIF-9 (CoCu). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has reported the coexistence of Co^2+/3+ and Cu^0/2+ species in the sample, as well as their bonding with the heteroatoms of benzimidazole ligand. The specific surface area of the nanocomposite was calculated to be 134.39 m² g^–1 using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. A cyclic voltammetry study at the nickel-foam-supported 2D/2D nanocomposite electrode, i.e., NF/Graphene/ZIF-9 (CoCu), revealed a battery-type charge storage mechanism in a 3 M KOH electrolyte. A negligible charge-transfer resistance of 2 Ω was obtained by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The prepared supercapacitor electrode provided a specific capacitance of 2668 F g^–1 at the current density of 1 A g^–1 and 100% capacitance retention after 1200 consecutive galvanostatic charge–discharge cycles.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"38 23","pages":"23101–23113 23101–23113"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142850115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquid Spontaneous Imbibition and Its Time-Resolved Nuclear Magnetic Resonance within Differently Matured Shale Indications for Shale Pore Structure and Wettability","authors":"Longhui Bai,&nbsp;Bo Liu*,&nbsp;Yingdong Huo,&nbsp;Ru Jia,&nbsp;Yan Ma,&nbsp;Qinhong Hu and Mehdi Ostadhassan,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c0303510.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c03035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c03035https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c03035","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Organic matter (OM) content and its thermal maturation affect the wettability, pore structure, and imbibition behavior of shale, which highly affect its use as a reservoir for oil, carbon dioxide, or hydrogen underground. Core samples from the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation with natural maturity from immature to the oil window were selected. Using different fluids (oil and water) and temperature–pressure [room (15 °C and 0 MPa) and elevated (45 °C and 20 MPa)] conditions, the imbibition process was studied with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to determine the time-resolved fluid imbibition process. The results show that the rate of water imbibition is significantly higher than that of oil for all samples, and even OM-hosted pores are mainly found at oil-window mature samples. More rapid imbibition for both fluids occurred under high temperature–pressure conditions. The oil imbibition rate of oil-window mature shale is higher than that of immature shale, while the spontaneous water absorption rate is the opposite, which indicates that in contrast to immature shale samples, residual oil will occupy the space in pores or be absorbed onto pore surfaces, making the pores more lipophilic in the oil-window mature shale. Microfractures being produced during water imbibition increase the relaxation time <i>T</i>₂ of the fluid, indicating a pore structure change. Collectively, this work provides a guideline to the influence study of maturity and pore structure on the shale imbibition test with NMR.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"38 23","pages":"22804–22819 22804–22819"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142850947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the Potential of Tailored Hollow Carbon Spheres for High-Performance Zinc-Air Batteries","authors":"Hari Prasaad Somasundharam,&nbsp;Nadar Allwyn,&nbsp;Marappan Sathish and Sakkarapalayam Murugesan Senthil Kumar*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c0457310.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c04573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c04573https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c04573","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A low-cost, highly stable, bifunctional electrocatalyst is crucial for advancing zinc-air battery technology. This study introduces a cobalt oxide-decorated nitrogen sulfur dual-doped hollow carbon sphere, as a promising candidate for the air cathode of a zinc-air battery. Synthesized using a novel single-step hard template method, the catalyst exhibits exceptional performance in both oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions, rivaling commercial RuO₂ and Pt/C catalysts. This enhanced bifunctional activity is due to the synergistic effects of metal oxide decoration and heteroatom doping (nitrogen, sulfur). When integrated into a zinc-air battery, the catalyst delivers an impressive power density (205 mW cm^–2) and specific capacitance (737 mA h g^–1), surpassing commercial alternatives. The catalyst demonstrates exceptional long-term stability, maintaining its performance for over 160 h, a significant improvement compared with commercial Pt/C + RuO₂. These results highlight the outstanding stability and durability of cobalt oxide-decorated nitrogen sulfur dual-doped hollow carbon sphere as a promising candidate for air cathode materials in future zinc-air batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"38 23","pages":"23126–23139 23126–23139"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142843217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microscopic Structure of Coal through Liquid Nitrogen Treatment Based on Micro-CT and 3D Visualization of Permeability Simulation","authors":"Yonggang Qiao,&nbsp;Yuqiang Wang,&nbsp;Nan Fan*,&nbsp;Danping Yuan* and Xingyu Lyu,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c0397810.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c03978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c03978https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c03978","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Liquid nitrogen (LN₂) fracturing effectively enhances the coal seam permeability. Utilizing micro-CT scanning and Avizo software, pore networks and topological models were reconstructed to analyze structural changes before and after LN₂ treatment. By examining pore and throat characteristics, correlations with seepage indicators were established. Numerical simulations visualized gas flow distribution, focusing on pressure and velocity fields, and studied permeability evolution under varying pressure gradients. The results show that after undergoing LN₂ treatment, the pore radius of the coal sample exhibited a significant increase within the range of 100–500 μm, with an increase of 155% compared to the dry coal sample. The pore area and volume exhibit a bimodal distribution, with the primary growth regions for pore area being between 1 × 10⁴–5 × 10⁵ μm² and 7.5 × 10⁵–7.5 × 10⁶ μm², and for pore volume, the main growth region is within the range of 10⁶–2.5 × 10⁸ μm³. Through the fitting of structural characteristic parameters and seepage characteristic parameters, it was found that the pore radius and coordination number, as well as the throat length and tortuosity, are positively correlated before and after LN₂ treatment. Conversely, the throat radius is negatively correlated with the coordination number. Based on the three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed model, the visualized gas seepage in the fracture space exhibits significant heterogeneity. The permeability of the coal body shows significant differences before and after LN₂ treatment. The seepage velocity along the <i>Y</i>- and <i>Z</i>-axes is significantly higher than that along the <i>X</i>-axis, and the permeability exhibits a nonlinear increase with a rising pressure gradient.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"38 23","pages":"22746–22758 22746–22758"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142843294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}