Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny最新文献

{"title":"Acrylamide in human breast milk - the current state of knowledge.","authors":"Hanna Mojska","doi":"10.32394/rpzh.2022.0227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/rpzh.2022.0227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human milk is a first choice in infant nutrition. It not only provides all the nutrients necessary for the proper infant`s development but also contains bioactive factors that provide natural protection against infections. Unfortunately, chemical contaminants can pass to breast milk and pose a health risk for the breastfed infant's health. Acrylamide is a typical process contaminant and in food it is formed as a result of the Maillard reaction. Numerous studies have shown that acrylamide is a neurotoxic and carcinogenic compound. So far there have been published only three studies on the acrylamide content in human milk. In two of them, the acrylamide level in most of the tested samples did not exceed the value of 0.5 μg/L. In the third study, the authors assessed the circulation of acrylamide in the body of two breastfeeding women after consuming products with high acrylamide content. Depending on the time elapsed after the meal, the acrylamide content ranged from 3.17 μg/L to 18.8 μg /L. These studies show that the breastfeeding mothers' diet may have a significant influence on the level of acrylamide in their milk. However, it seems that the acrylamide content in breast milk is also influenced by the time of breast milk collection, including the time elapsed after the mother's meal. To assess the exposure of breastfed infants to acrylamide in human milk, more data is needed on the acrylamide content in human milk at different stages of lactation and using standard protocols for human milk sampling.</p>","PeriodicalId":35951,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny","volume":"73 3","pages":"259-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40379550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of anthropometric methods for fat mass measurement in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.","authors":"Petra Lenártová","doi":"10.32394/rpzh.2022.0232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/rpzh.2022.0232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs. The obesity is a global problem, which is set to increase over time. Chronic obstructive lung disease is the third-leading cause of death globally, and both obesity and diet appear to play roles in its pathophysiology (e.g., role in the development of obstructive sleep apnoea and obesity hypoventilation syndrome). However, the effects of obesity on the respiratory system are often underappreciated.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to compare three anthropometric methods to evaluate of fat mass in COPD patients.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Three anthropometric methods of evaluation fat mass in a group of 60 patients with COPD were compared. To the measurement of fat mass were used: (1) Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry method (DEXA), specifically by DEXA densitometer QDR Discovery Wi (S/N 80227) with additional software (Body Composition Analysis); (2) four-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) device Bodystat Quadscan 4000 (Bodystat Ltd, British Isles); (3) skin folds measurement (SFM) with caliper (Harpenden Lange Skinfold Caliper, Cambridge Scientific Industries, Inc. Cambridge, Maryland). The measured values were statistically processed and evaluated in a statistical program Statistica Cz. version 7.1 and Microsoft Office Excel 2010 (Los Angeles, CA, USA). Differences among anthropometric methods of measurement fat mass were tested with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The data were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DEXA method, generally accepted for assessing body composition, showed an average value of 22.48 ±11.32 kg of fat mass, which corresponds in percentage terms to the value of 29.62±9.28. BIA method for the parameter fat mass in the monitored group of COPD patients was found the mean value 25.08±10.14 kg (in percentages 30.85±8.15). An average value 28.50±8.08% of fat mass, was determined from the skinfolds measurements (SFM) and subsequent calculations. When comparing these methods (DEXA, BIA and SFM) used to determine body composition, a statistically insignificant difference was found (P >0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study a good correlation between three anthropometric methods (DEXA, BIA, SFM) for measuring fat mass in patients with COPD and statistically insignificant differences between them were observed. To better define changes in the nutritional status of patients with COPD using anthropometric methods over time, further studies are needed that also monitor the consequences of clinical status, rehabilitation, and nutritional treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":35951,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny","volume":"73 4","pages":"495-502"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10794130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of monoamine oxidase and selected heavy metal levels in the blood and the workplace among e-waste sorting workers in Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand.","authors":"Kornwika Harasarn,&nbsp;Nantaporn Phatrabuddha,&nbsp;Pratchaya Kaewkaen,&nbsp;Wanlop Jaidee,&nbsp;Anamai Thetkathuek","doi":"10.32394/rpzh.2022.0230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/rpzh.2022.0230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>E-waste sorting workers usually separate electronic waste. Therefore, they can be exposed to heavy metals.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study compared monoamine oxidase (MAO) levels affected by the levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni) in the blood and their workplace among e-waste sorting workers (EWSW).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The exposed group included 76 EWSW, and the non-exposed group included 49 village health volunteers. An interview form was used to assess the risk factors. We measured Pb, Cd, and Ni on the work surfaces and in the blood, and MAO levels as a neurological enzymes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the EWSW, 42 were males (55.3%), and the mean age (SD) 48.0 (12.64) years, and income were 156.37 ± 88.08 USD. In the work areas of the exposed group, the concentration of Pb, Cd, and Ni were 245.042 (± 613.910), 0.375 (± 0.662), and 46.115 (± 75.740) μg/100 cm2, respectively, while the non-exposed group, the concentration of Pb, Cd, and Ni were 0.609 (± 0.934), 0.167 (± 1.171) and 1.020 (± 0.142) μg/100 cm2. Pb and Ni concentrations in the workplace of the exposed groups were statistically different from that of the non-exposed group. Pb, Cd, and Ni concentrations in serum were 6.411 ± 1.492 μg/dL, 0.9480 ± 0.350 μg/L, 2.568 ± 0.468 μg/L, respectively, while in the non-exposed group, the heavy metal concentrations were 6.411 ± 1.620 μg/dL, 0.909 ± 0.277 μg/L, 2.527 ± 0.457 μg/L. The MAO in the exposed group was 362.060 ± 97.981 U/L, while that in the non-exposed group was 369.771 ± 86.752 U/L. Moreover, MAO concentration was significantly different from Ni concentration (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The electronic waste sorting workers should clean their work areas to reduce the Pb, Cd, and Ni levels on the working surfaces, and health surveillance should be performed.</p>","PeriodicalId":35951,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny","volume":"73 4","pages":"463-474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9192834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with suboptimal complementary feeding practices among mothers of infants and young children in India.","authors":"Adejoke M Idowu,&nbsp;Gbenga A Kayode,&nbsp;Victor T Adekanmbi","doi":"10.32394/rpzh.2022.0234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/rpzh.2022.0234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine the current complementary feeding practices among infants and young children aged 6 to 23 months in India, and factors influencing these practices at child, parental, household and community levels.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Data on 74,095 last-born children aged 6 to 23 months used in this study were obtained from the 2015 India Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). Complementary feeding indicators (timely introduction of complementary foods to infants aged 6 to 8 months old, minimum meal frequency, minimum dietary diversity, and minimum acceptable diets) were estimated, and their associated factors were identified using descriptive and multivariate (logistic regression) analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of the timely introduction of complementary foods to infants aged 6 to 8 months was 45.1%. The proportion of children between ages 6 to 23 months who received the minimum meal frequency, minimum dietary diversity and minimum acceptable diets were 36%, 21% and 9.1%, respectively. Findings from the multivariate analyses revealed that mothers of infants delivered at home, mothers who had no antenatal check-up, mothers who are Hindus, mothers living in rural areas or those from the Western/Northern geographical regions of India were at higher risk of suboptimal complementary feeding practices.</p><p><p>Conclusions. Our findings indicate that, among other factors, achieving the recommended four or more antenatal visits was consistently associated with improved complementary feeding practices. Thus, policies that ensure increased coverage and quality of antenatal check-up could improve complementary feeding practices of mothers in India, and help towards achieving sustainable development goal 2, targeted at eradicating hunger and malnutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":35951,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny","volume":"73 4","pages":"403-411"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10429136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of diet quality in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.","authors":"Sanaa El-Jamal,&nbsp;Houda Elfane,&nbsp;Hamid Chamlal,&nbsp;Imane Barakat,&nbsp;Halima Daif,&nbsp;Mohamed Mziwira,&nbsp;Aziz Fassouane,&nbsp;Rekia Belahsen","doi":"10.32394/rpzh.2022.0229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/rpzh.2022.0229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Micronutrient malnutrition is a serious public health problem in most developing countries, including Morocco, due to poor and therefore lower quality diets that lack dietary diversity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study aimed to assess dietary diversity and variety and their relationship with micronutrient adequacy in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was carried among 240 children and adolescents with T1D. Weight and height were measured and BMI was calculated. Dietary intake data were obtained from two 24-h recalls. A Dietary diversity (DDS) and dietary variety scores (DVS) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) and nutritional adequacy ratios (NARs) were calculated and compared according to sociodemographic/anthropometric categories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>52.1% of the patients were female. The mean age of the patients was 8.49 ± 4.1 years. The mean BMI was 19.44 ± 5.24 kg/m2; the mean DDS was 4.62±1.20 and the mean MAR was 0.66 ± 0.11. Older children living in rural areas have a low DDS/DVS. Parental education and income level are associated with DDS/DVS. General and central obesity were significantly elevated in children with high DDS. In addition, a high intake of vegetables, eggs, fiber and micronutrients (Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Zinc, Phosphorus and Vit B1) is associated with a high DDS; however, high DVS is associated with high consumption of dairy products, carbohydrates and low intake of protein and fat. There are also positive correlations between DDS/DVS and NARs for various nutrients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The quality of the respondents' diets are moderately diversified. DDS or DVS can be used as indicators of micronutrient adequacy in Moroccan T1D children. Nutritional education needs to be strengthened to improve dietary diversity in children, especially in rural areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":35951,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny","volume":"73 4","pages":"413-422"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10429137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D in SARS-CoV-2 infection.","authors":"Agnieszka Decyk,&nbsp;Milena Kobylińska,&nbsp;Katarzyna Antosik,&nbsp;Katarzyna Kurowska","doi":"10.32394/rpzh.2022.0191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/rpzh.2022.0191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Background. SARS-CoV-2 virus is one of the largest RNA viruses, included in the coronavirus group, showing tropism to airway epithelial cells. SARS-CoV-2 causes an acute respiratory infectious disease, Covid-19. According to WHO reports, mortality due to Covid-19 is higher in the elderly and in those burdened with comorbidities such as diabetes, obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary artery disease, cancer, hypertension, hepatitis B, obesity or chronic kidney disease.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to review the current literature on the influence and importance of vitamin D levels on the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>A systematic review of studies published from January 1, 2009 to June 31, 2021 has been performed. For this purpose, bibliographic databases such as PubMed and Scopus were searched. The following keywords and combinations were used: Covid-19, vitamin D, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, vitamin D supplementation, SARS-CoV-2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It has been shown that vitamin D plays an important role in the mechanisms of the innate immunity in the course of the acute respiratory infections. The overlapping factors of the severity of COVID-19 disease, vitamin D deficiency, and the prevalence of obesity, age scare, ethnicity, has led some researchers to hypothesize that vitamin D supplementation may be promising as a preventive or therapeutic measure for COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A very important factor that has an immunomodulatory character is vitamin D, the adequate supplementation of which can be a preventive or therapeutic measure in case of SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in elderly people, with obesity and other chronic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":35951,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny","volume":"73 1","pages":"5-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40318951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary diversity score and the incidence of chronic kidney disease in an agricultural Moroccan adults population.","authors":"Rachida Moustakim,&nbsp;Mohamed Mziwira,&nbsp;Mohammed El Ayachi,&nbsp;Rekia Belahsen","doi":"10.32394/rpzh.2022.0221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/rpzh.2022.0221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Healthy diet plays an important role in the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in the prevention of related comorbidities. Dietary diversity score (DDS) is well recognized as an indicator for assessing diet quality and food security. However, its association with CKD has not been investigated.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of CKD and to evaluate its association with DDS among a Moroccan adults from Sidi Bennour province.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross sectional study was conducted among 210 individuals. General information among others was collected. Weight, height and waist circumference were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Blood samples were collected and the serum creatinine was determined. Subsequent glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated by the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula and the chronic kidney disease was defined by an eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m². Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-hours dietary recall, and DDS was computed according to the FAO guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The participants mean age was 54.18±13.45 years, with a sex ratio of 0.38 and 4.4% as the prevalence of chronic kidney disease. The dietary diversity score was lower than 3 (lowest DDS) in 14.4% of the subjects, between 4 and 5 (medium DDS) in 72.5% and higher than 6 (high DDS) in 13.1% of the subjects. Subjects with higher DDS consistently have a higher level of eGFR compared to those with lower DDS while the DDS was not associated with the incidence of CKD in the present study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Even if no statistically significant association was found between CKD and dietary diversity, there is a relationship of higher eGFR levels among the study participants with higher dietary diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":35951,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny","volume":"73 3","pages":"293-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40378880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human milk metabolome: Impact of gestational age, lactational stage and maternal diet.","authors":"Malwina Wójcik,&nbsp;Hanna Mojska","doi":"10.32394/rpzh.2022.0214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/rpzh.2022.0214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human breast milk due to its unique composition and the ability to adapt to the needs of the infant, is referred to as the \"gold standard\". Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first 6 months of a inflant's life. The composition of breast milk and its metabolites is not constant and varies depending on the influence of various factors. Its analysis allows for rational management of infant nutrition. Intermediate and final metabolites of human milk are formed as a result of various metabolic processes in the mammary gland, and their role and the influence of various factors on them are not fully determined in the context of the proper development of infants. Metabolomic studies can be used to identify intermediate and terminal metabolites in breast milk. The aim of the study was to review the current literature on the variability of human milk metabolome depending on factors such as gestational age, lactation stage and mother's diet. A review of current research shows that the composition of human milk metabolome varies depending on various factors. Better understanding of metabolome of breast milk could be crucial in the future programming of metabolic processes in infants, which is crucial in preventing many diseases and maintaining health.</p>","PeriodicalId":35951,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny","volume":"73 2","pages":"139-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40395062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sense of self-efficacy and the content of energy and nutrients in the diet of elite Polish basketball players.","authors":"Maria Gacek","doi":"10.32394/rpzh.2022.0203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/rpzh.2022.0203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In research on the subject, the predictive importance of personal resources is indicated for diet quality.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was quantitative assessment of diet depending on the level of generalised self- efficacy among elite Polish basketball players.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Food diaries (2 training days and 1 no training day) of 48 basketball players were analysed. Further assessed were 144 food rations based on the Diet 6.0 program, and the results were compared to the current Polish nutritional standards. The Generalised Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) was also used. Statistical analyses were performed by estimating Spearman's rank correlation coefficients (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The share of energy from proteins, fats and carbohydrates was 18.2%, 29.4% and 52.4%, respectively. Of the mineral salts, the average diet contained: 2,107.6 mg sodium, 2,918.3 mg potassium, 736.3 mg calcium, 1,372.2 mg phosphorus, 380.1 mg magnesium, and 11.6 mg iron. Of the vitamins, the average diet contained: 1,100.3 μg of vitamin A, 5.3 μg of vitamin D, vitamin E in the amount of 8.2 mg, 78.1 mg of vitamin C, 1.1 mg vitamin B1, 1.3 mg vitamin B2, 1.9 mg of vitamin B6, 271.7 μg of vitamin B9 and 4.7 μg of vitamin B12. It was also shown that as the sense of self-efficacy developed, the supply of energy, water, protein, digestible carbohydrates, energy from carbohydrates, sucrose and PUFAs also increased in the players' diets. At the same time, along with the increase in self-efficacy, the supply of: Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Cu and iodine as well as vitamins: A, E, B1, B3, B6 and C, also increased in the players' diets.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Incomplete diet balance has been demonstrated, as well as significant relationships between the level of self-efficacy and the supply of certain nutrients in the diet of elite Polish basketball players. The obtained results indicate the legitimacy of diet monitoring and nutritional education as well as considering personality traits in activities promoting maintaining a proper diet among athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":35951,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny","volume":"73 2","pages":"183-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40396501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The theory of reasoned action in describing tongue cleaning adherence among college going students of Indie: A model guided study.","authors":"Mridula Tak,&nbsp;Sagrika Grover,&nbsp;Kailash Asawa,&nbsp;Jacob John,&nbsp;Bharathraj Shetty,&nbsp;Darshan Devang Divakar","doi":"10.32394/rpzh.2022.0213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/rpzh.2022.0213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Just mere brushing of teeth is not enough for maintaining good oral health. Regular cleaning of tongue is equally important for maintaining good oral hygiene and to escape social embarrassment and personal discomfort, which could arise as a result of halitosis.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To test the variables of Theory of Reasoned Action to explain the behavior of tongue cleaning among college going students of Udaipur city, Rajasthan, India.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted amongst 756 college going students of Udaipur city, India using an online self-administered structured questionnaire which was designed based on our study objectives. Logistic regression analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM) were employed for statistical analysis. Confidence level and level of significance were set at 95% and 5% respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Logistic regression analysis showed that with one unit increase in subjective norm, the tongue cleaning behavior odds increased significantly by 1.124. Also, the tongue cleaning behavior odds was 1.77 times significantly greater among those brushing their teeth twice a day than those brushing once a day. Structural Equation modelling also evidenced the significant direct effect of subjective norm on tongue cleaning behavior (β = 0.2, p≤0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results highlighted the importance of subjective norms in espousing tongue cleaning preventive behaviour habit. It is thus recommended to highpoint the role of significant others in changing tongue cleaning behaviour.</p>","PeriodicalId":35951,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny","volume":"73 2","pages":"231-237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40396937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}