Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny最新文献

{"title":"Position statement of the Polish Academy of Sciences Committee Human Nutrition Science on the principles for the nutrition of children aged 1-3 years.","authors":"Halina Weker,&nbsp;Mariola Friedrich,&nbsp;Katarzyna Zabłocka-Słowińska,&nbsp;Joanna Sadowska,&nbsp;Jadwiga Hamułka,&nbsp;Anna Długosz,&nbsp;Jadwiga Charzewska,&nbsp;Jarosław Walkowiak,&nbsp;Piotr Socha,&nbsp;Lidia Wądołowska","doi":"10.32394/rpzh.2022.0238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/rpzh.2022.0238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Position Statement on the principles of nutrition for children aged 1-3 years emphasizes that proper nutrition of children at this age determines their optimal psychometric development and has beneficial effects on the process nutritional programming, which reduces the risk of diet-related diseases in adulthood. Continued breastfeeding in the post-infancy period, together with the proper introduction of complementary foods, supplies all the nutritional needs of the child. A varied selection of food products is important to balance out the diet of a child in the context of energy and nutrient needs. Attention should be paid to products not recommended for frequent consumption, due to the possibility of the early development of improper eating habits that can lead to undesirable health consequences. Due to the potential risk of deficiency, adequate intake of iron, iodine, calcium and vitamin D, as well as of n-3 PUFAs (which is often insufficient) should be provided. Adequate dietary energy and protein intake protects children against protein-energy undernutrition and is crucial for their proper growth and development. An important element in the assessment of the development of children involves monitoring their nutritional status and physical development by systematically measuring their body weight and length/height and analyzing their weight gain. It is necessary to diagnose the causes of being underweight/overweight in children. Physical activity (such as outdoor walks, plays, and games) and healthy sleep hygiene are recommended. Physical activity, an adequate number of hours of sleep, and the quality of sleep in early childhood may improve immunity, reduce the risk of excessive weight gain, and consequently reduce the risk of obesity later in life. Other issues discussed include the functioning of the digestive system as one of the determinants of the nutrition of young children, basics of proper nutrition, risk of nutrient deficiencies and development of proper eating habits in early childhood.</p>","PeriodicalId":35951,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny","volume":"73 4","pages":"387-402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10419853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weight status and its determinants among Moroccan adolescents in the province of El Jadida.","authors":"Khadija Sahel,&nbsp;Abdelghani Aboukhalaf,&nbsp;Sanaa Eljamal,&nbsp;Houda Elfane,&nbsp;Mohammed El Ayachi,&nbsp;Rekia Belahsen","doi":"10.32394/rpzh.2022.0193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/rpzh.2022.0193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the efforts of health systems, the prevalence of malnutrition reflected by weight status still poses challenges for many countries around the world. In fact, with the decrease in undernutrition, excess weight and obesity are gradually increasing in parallel with that of chronic diseases. Among school-going adolescents, however, weight status is less studied, particularly in developing countries.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this research is to examine the situation and the determinants of the weight status of adolescents in the province of El Jadida in Morocco.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study was carried out on a sample of 463 students from the province of El Jadida of which 58.1% are boys and 41.9% girls, ages 9 and 17. Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometric measurements including height, weight and waist and hip circumference. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated to determine underweight, overweight and general obesity and waist circumference and the waist circumference to hip circumference ratio were used to determine abdominal obesity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicate that only 59.6% of students had normal weight status, 40.4% had abnormal BMI values corresponding to thinness in 18.8% and overweight (overweight and obesity) in 21.6%. A significant difference in the prevalence of abnormal weight status by sex and level of physical activity was found. The results of the present study reveal an abnormal weight status in a large proportion of adolescents linked in addition to the peculiarities of the puberty phase to the sedentary lifestyle in the study population.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results obtained revealed the coexistence of over-nutrition and undernutrition which require a prevention policy based on regular monitoring of weight status as well as on nutritional education and the promotion of physical activity for children and parents.</p>","PeriodicalId":35951,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny","volume":"73 1","pages":"27-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40318891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of urinary biomarkers concentrations in exposed and non-exposed petrol station workers in the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC), Thailand.","authors":"Anamai Thetkathuek,&nbsp;Chan Pattama Polyong,&nbsp;Wanlop Jaidee,&nbsp;Jintana Sirivarasai","doi":"10.32394/rpzh.2022.0197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/rpzh.2022.0197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Thai government has been developing its Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC), which spans three provinces, with the aim of improving connections with other Asian nations. Since this strategic development, the number of trucks, private car, and passenger car registrations have continued to grow, with a corresponding increase in related to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to compare the levels of trans, trans-muconic acid (t, t MA); toluene (TU); mandelic acid (MA); and methyl hippuric acid (MHA) in the urine of gas station employees, considering demographic and occupational factors.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>These employees worked either near or away from the fuel dispenser, and there 100 people in each group. Data were collected using interviews and testing environmental air and urine samples for benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene (BTEX).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that BTEX concentrations were just detectable in all 200 cases (100%). The mean (±SD) urine level of t, t MA was 449.28 (±213.32) μg/g creatinine, while the median (min-max) was 428.23 (95.58-1202.56) μg/g creatinine. The mean TU was 0.011 (0.001) mg/L, while the median (min-max) was 0.011 (0.010-0.013) mg/L. MA levels were higher inside the pollution control zone than they were outside the zone (p=.009). Employees who practiced poor personal hygiene had relatively high urinary toluene and MHA levels (p=.009) and those who did not wear personal protective equipment (PPE) had relatively high MA levels (p=.040).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study revealed statistically significant biomarkers influencing the levels of t, t MA; TU; MA; and MHA in urine. The recommendations of this study are that employers should provide their employees with suitable PPE, check regularly to ensure that it is worn, and strongly encourage employees to take care of their sanitation. Employees should take appropriate breaks and days off to minimize their exposure to BTEX.</p>","PeriodicalId":35951,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny","volume":"73 1","pages":"109-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40318898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health status and factors influencing access to healthcare services by workers in petrol stations in Rayong province, Thailand.","authors":"Anamai Thetkathuek,&nbsp;Chan Pattama Polyong","doi":"10.32394/rpzh.2022.0215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/rpzh.2022.0215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Petrol station (PS) workers are categorized as \"unskilled labor\", which leads to low wages, economic instability, and a lack of adequate access to healthcare services (HCS) despite exposure to dangerous chemicals. A lack of information on the HCS access of PS workers is concerning.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was undertaken to elucidate factors that influenced access to health care for fuel station workers in gas stations in Rayong province, Thailand.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Two-hundred PS workers (100 serving at fuel dispensers and 100 working at other locations) were interviewed to evaluate their health conditions and factors affecting HCS access. The study cohort comprised 137 (68.5%) women and 63 (31.5%) men. The mean age was 30.29±10.97 years and the average monthly salary was 341.16 ± 124.72 USD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average distance between a respondent's residence and government hospital was 10.49 ± 8.571 km. Most respondents (63.5%) were in good physical health, and 79.5% reported having \"positive mental health\". However, 73% reported neurological disorders and 57% reported respiratory symptoms. During the previous 12 months, 44.5% of respondents had HCS access; 80.9% of participants reported that they had accessed HCS to obtain treatment for an illness, and 18% went for a health checkup. Government centers were rated as \"satisfactory\" by 78.8% of PS workers, and 75.5% received medical coverage under a social-security scheme. Moreover, 38.5% obtained HC information from their colleagues. HCS access was attributed to the cost of receiving HCS as well as the sex, marital status, illness severity of PS workers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Workers should have access to comprehensive HCS. Policy frameworks and systems for HCS should take account of employees' sex, marital status, and the type and severity of their illnesses.</p>","PeriodicalId":35951,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny","volume":"73 3","pages":"351-364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40379559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of conceptual and methodological framework for the study of dietary practices and nutritional status of an adult population.","authors":"Imane Barakat,&nbsp;Mohammed Elayachi,&nbsp;Rekia Belahsen","doi":"10.32394/rpzh.2022.0211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/rpzh.2022.0211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of validated and reliable methods and instruments is necessary to study dietary practices and nutritional status due to their direct impacts on population health.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim is the validity and reliability of the conceptual and methodological framework of research on factors associated with dietary practices and nutritional status (FADPNS), carried out on adult population of the Rabat-Salé-Kenitra region in Morocco.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>First, we developed a conceptual and methodological framework for research on FADPNS, which aimed to study dietary practices, nutritional status, and the factors associated with them in an adult Moroccan population. Then, we studied the validity and reliability of this framework in three phases. Phase 1 focused on the validation of the content of the conceptual and methodological framework, Phase 2 focused on the study by an expert committee of the internal consistency validity (ICV) of the questionnaires used in this research , and Phase 3 consisted of the study of the reliability of the items questionnaires by the test of Cronbach Alpha.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thus, the validated content of the conceptual framework of research on FADPNS includes socio-demographic, socio-economic, and socio-cultural characteristics; health status; physical activity, places of food purchase; food preparation, taking of meals, family commensality; social representations of good dietary practices; food consumption; and nutritional status. The questionnaires used in this research received an ICV score of 85%. The reliability test of the questionnaires showed a Cronbach Alpha value ≥ 0.5, which turned out to vary from \"moderate\" to \"excellent\".</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This work enabled the validation of the conceptual framework and the methodology of the study of the factors associated with dietary practices and nutritional status in the RSK region.</p>","PeriodicalId":35951,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny","volume":"73 2","pages":"199-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40396505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to Covid-19 among health professionals in El Jadida Province, Morocco.","authors":"Sakhr Ahizoune,&nbsp;Zakaria Belrhiti,&nbsp;Rajaa Benkirane,&nbsp;Mina El Hiyani,&nbsp;Asmaa Mdaghri Alaoui","doi":"10.32394/rpzh.2022.0235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/rpzh.2022.0235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>During the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns were raised about the lack of knowledge and awareness of health workers (HW) in hampering the implementation of COVID-19 preventive strategies in hospitals.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This cross-sectional study aims to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of the health workers related to COVID-19 in Moroccan hospitals and health facilities.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We administered an adapted questionnaire to 242 HW working in Azemmour and El Jadida hospital (two sites) and in 41 health centers in El Jadida province. We carried out a bivariate analysis and used contingency tables and logistic regression models to identify factors associated with different KAP levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that 90.1%, 8.3% and 60.3% of HW had respectively high levels of knowledge, risk perception attitudes and preventive practices towards COVID-19. High level of knowledge was associated with gender (OR: 0.267; 95% CI: 0.113-0.634; p=0.002), and professional profile (p<0.001). Levels of attitudes were associated with gender (OR: 17.143; 95% CI: 5.450-53.932; p<0.001) whereas levels of preventive practices were associated with position of the HW in COVID-19 (frontline or not frontline) (OR: 0.404; 95% CI: 0.236-0.691; p=0.001) and the overworked status of the HW (OR: 0.421; 95% CI: 0.242-0.730; p=0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Professionals' knowledge and practice levels were higher than their COVID-19 risk perception attitudes. Therefore, efforts should be made to improve the attitudes of health professionals.</p>","PeriodicalId":35951,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny","volume":"73 4","pages":"475-483"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10794131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food quality and nutritional status of school-going adolescents in the province of El Jadida in Morocco.","authors":"Khadija Sahel,&nbsp;Houda Elfane,&nbsp;Sanaa El-Jamal,&nbsp;Mohammed El Ayachi,&nbsp;Rekia Belahsen","doi":"10.32394/rpzh.2022.0237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/rpzh.2022.0237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary diversity and variety scores represent tools for measuring the overall quality of diets. In children, they are good indicators of their nutritional status and growth.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess the consumption and eating habits as well as the lifestyle of Moroccan adolescents attending school in the city of El Jadida.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A sample of 463 children of both sexes, aged 9 to 17, attending four schools in the city of El Jadida was studied. Eating habits and information on socioeconomic level are assessed using questionnaires and weight and height were measured on participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the dietary diversity score (DDS) classes, 2.4% of the children surveyed were with low DDS, 55.7% moderate and 41.9%, with high DDS. The mean DDS was 5.67 ± 1.03 in underweight children and 5.53 ± 1.5 in those with overweight (obesity included) and the food variety scores (DVS) were of 12.94±3.24 food items and 10.81±3.25 in the 2 groups respectively. In addition, data analyzes show that children from parents with a low level of education had higher averages of DDS and DVS (DDS: 5.54 ± 0.84; SVA: 10.65 ± 2.32) compared to those of parents with medium education level (DDS: 5.31±0.96; DVS: 9.72±2.62) or high level (DDS: 5.17±0.93; DVS: 9.36 ±2.42). In addition, children from parents of high economic level had a lower averages of DDS and DVS (DDS: 5.24 ± 0.88; DVS: 8.84 ± 2.10) compared to those of parents of low economic level (DDS: 5.36±1.00; DVS: 10.14±2.85). The sugary products were consumed by 56.3% of underweiht children, 75% of normal-weight children and 67% of overweight children (including obese). The estimated total energy intake (TEI) was higher than the Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA) in underweight 2933 Kcal/d and in overweight (including obese) children 3061.75 Kcal/d, while the mean daily intakes of folate, calcium, iron, potassium and zinc were lower than the (RDA). The food groups consumed by the majority of children were cereals (98.5%), fruits and vegetables (87.7%), and sweet products (69.8%) while oilseed products and fat were less consumed (9.7% and 7.8% respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study data show that the adolescents diet were moderately diverse, little varied and poor in certain nutrients essential for their nutritional status and growth. The study draws attention to the need for parents to be aware of the benefits of improving the diet quality and weight status of adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":35951,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny","volume":"73 4","pages":"423-433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10429138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of cardiovascular diseases risk factors in a group of men hospitalized after myocardial infarction.","authors":"Jana Mrázová,&nbsp;Jana Kopčeková","doi":"10.32394/rpzh.2022.0233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/rpzh.2022.0233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) due to their large expansion and high mortality represent a serious problem for society. Ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction is the leading cause of death and morbidity in both men and women in Europe, although is lower in women than in men.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the occurrence of cardiovascular risk factors and the impact of selected dietary habits on lipid profile and body mass index in adult men hospitalized after myocardial infarction in the Cardiocenter Nitra in 2010-2020.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This study was focused on a group of adult men (n = 193) in the age range of 25 to 85 years. Patients were selected using the method of random selection from the database of those hospitalized in the Cardiocenter Nitra in 2010-2020. We evaluated to influence of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases on lipid profile and BMI of men. The questionnaire for the detection of dietary habits and life style of respondents was used. It was applied individually by interviewer and was compiled by the Institute of Nutrition and Genomics. Data collection was carried out simultaneously with a somatometric and biochemical examination of the respondents ensured by the Cardiocenter Nitra. The following parameters were tested: total cholesterol (T-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and triacylglycerols (TAG) and glucose (GLU) by automatic biochemical analyzer BioMajesty® JCA-BM6010/C. We used statistical analysis of Statistica Cz version 10 and one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post hoc test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most important risk factor is clearly the lifestyle of the respondents. Only 11% of the respondents had an optimal BMI, 51% were classified as overweight and up to 38% had a BMI higher than 30 kg.m-2. Improper dietary habits and lack of physical activity contributed to the development of hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia in the majority of respondents. Statistically significant changes in HDL-cholesterol scores were found to be associated with respondents'BMI (p< 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Studied men after the myocardial infarction should attach particular importance to their diet and lifestyle, which significantly affect BMI, blood lipid parameters and the inflammatory process as risk factors responsible for the etiopathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":35951,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny","volume":"73 4","pages":"485-493"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10429143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary components on intestinal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) synthesis in healthy adult persons following a ketogenic diet.","authors":"Anna Gudan,&nbsp;Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka,&nbsp;Joanna Palma,&nbsp;Arleta Drozd,&nbsp;Ewa Stachowska","doi":"10.32394/rpzh.2022.0196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/rpzh.2022.0196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The ketogenic diet (KD) has been used for almost 100 years in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy in children - and adults. The intestinal microbiome has a climax character, and the main factor changing its composition and functions is the diet. Both increased biodiversity and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are important indicators of gut barrier function. SCFAs are synthesized by microorganisms through the fermentation of dietary fibre provided with the diet. They are an important element in signal transduction from the digestive system to other tissues. To date, there is little research to determine how the use of KD alters the SCFAs profile of the human stool.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the SCFAs profile in the stool of healthy and active KD users.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Study group: amateur athletes following KD. Control group: amateur athletes following a regular diet (carbohydrates min. 50%); gender: men and women aged 18-60. Material: stool sample (1x10 g). SCFAs content was determined in stool samples using gas chromtography method. Participants completed a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and a 72-hour food diary.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There research has shown differences in the amount of SCFAs, as far as the results obtained from the two groups are concerned. The discrepancies referred to the levels of acetic, butyric, iso-butyric, valeric, and isovaleric acids. Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed a strong relationship between the consumption of selected dietary components (vegetables, fruits, red meat, poultry, fish, nuts and seeds, sugar, sugar substitutes, fats) and the SCFAs content in the stool of the study group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High consumption of cruciferous and leaf vegetables, berries and nuts on a ketogenic diet may have a positive effect on the profile of short-chain fatty acids produced by the gut microbiome. Changing the diet towards a greater supply of plant products may prevent proteolytic fermentation and reduce the negative effects of microbiome changes caused by an oversupply of protein and fat in the ketogenic diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":35951,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny","volume":"73 1","pages":"51-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40318893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acrylamide in human breast milk - the current state of knowledge.","authors":"Hanna Mojska","doi":"10.32394/rpzh.2022.0227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/rpzh.2022.0227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human milk is a first choice in infant nutrition. It not only provides all the nutrients necessary for the proper infant`s development but also contains bioactive factors that provide natural protection against infections. Unfortunately, chemical contaminants can pass to breast milk and pose a health risk for the breastfed infant's health. Acrylamide is a typical process contaminant and in food it is formed as a result of the Maillard reaction. Numerous studies have shown that acrylamide is a neurotoxic and carcinogenic compound. So far there have been published only three studies on the acrylamide content in human milk. In two of them, the acrylamide level in most of the tested samples did not exceed the value of 0.5 μg/L. In the third study, the authors assessed the circulation of acrylamide in the body of two breastfeeding women after consuming products with high acrylamide content. Depending on the time elapsed after the meal, the acrylamide content ranged from 3.17 μg/L to 18.8 μg /L. These studies show that the breastfeeding mothers' diet may have a significant influence on the level of acrylamide in their milk. However, it seems that the acrylamide content in breast milk is also influenced by the time of breast milk collection, including the time elapsed after the mother's meal. To assess the exposure of breastfed infants to acrylamide in human milk, more data is needed on the acrylamide content in human milk at different stages of lactation and using standard protocols for human milk sampling.</p>","PeriodicalId":35951,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny","volume":"73 3","pages":"259-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40379550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}