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A preregistered vignette experiment on determinants of health data sharing behavior Willingness to donate sensor data, medical records, and biomarkers. 关于健康数据共享行为决定因素的预登记小插图实验愿意捐赠传感器数据、医疗记录和生物标志物。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2022.15
Henning Silber, Frederic Gerdon, Ruben Bach, Christoph Kern, Florian Keusch, Frauke Kreuter
{"title":"A preregistered vignette experiment on determinants of health data sharing behavior <i>Willingness to donate sensor data, medical records, and biomarkers</i>.","authors":"Henning Silber,&nbsp;Frederic Gerdon,&nbsp;Ruben Bach,&nbsp;Christoph Kern,&nbsp;Florian Keusch,&nbsp;Frauke Kreuter","doi":"10.1017/pls.2022.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2022.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has spotlighted the importance of high-quality data for empirical health research and evidence-based political decision-making. To leverage the full potential of these data, a better understanding of the determinants and conditions under which people are willing to share their health data is critical. Building on the privacy theory of contextual integrity, the privacy calculus, and previous findings regarding different data types and recipients, we argue that established social norms shape the acceptance of novel practices of data collection and use. To investigate the willingness to share health data, we conducted a preregistered vignette experiment. The scenarios experimentally varied the vignette dimensions by data type, recipient, and research purpose. While some findings contradict our hypotheses, the results indicate that all three dimensions affected respondents' data sharing decisions. Additional analyses suggest that institutional and social trust, privacy concerns, technical affinity, altruism, age, and device ownership influence the willingness to share health data.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":"41 2","pages":"161-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9115386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Social evolution as moral truth tracking in natural law. 社会进化作为道德真理在自然法中的追踪。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2021.12
Filipe Nobre Faria, André Santos Campos
{"title":"Social evolution as moral truth tracking in natural law.","authors":"Filipe Nobre Faria,&nbsp;André Santos Campos","doi":"10.1017/pls.2021.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2021.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Morality can be adaptive or maladaptive. From this fact come polarizing disputes on the meta-ethical status of moral adaptation. The realist tracking account of morality claims that it is possible to track objective moral truths and that these truths correspond to moral rules that are adaptive. In contrast, evolutionary anti-realism rejects the existence of moral objectivity and thus asserts that adaptive moral rules cannot represent objective moral truths, since those truths do not exist. This article develops a novel evolutionary view of natural law to defend the realist tracking account. It argues that we can identify objective moral truths through cultural group selection and that adaptive moral rules are likely to reflect such truths.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"76-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/pls.2021.12","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9118809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Polarization of public trust in scientists between 1978 and 2018 Insights from a cross-decade comparison using interpretable machine learning. 1978年至2018年间公众对科学家信任的两极分化使用可解释的机器学习进行跨十年比较的见解。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2021.18
Nan Li, Yachao Qian
{"title":"Polarization of public trust in scientists between 1978 and 2018 <i>Insights from a cross-decade comparison using interpretable machine learning</i>.","authors":"Nan Li,&nbsp;Yachao Qian","doi":"10.1017/pls.2021.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2021.18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The U.S. public's trust in scientists reached a new high in 2019 despite the collision of science and politics witnessed by the country. This study examines the cross-decade shift in public trust in scientists by analyzing General Social Survey data (1978-2018) using interpretable machine learning algorithms. The results suggest a polarization of public trust as political ideology made an increasingly important contribution to predicting trust over time. Compared with previous decades, many conservatives started to lose trust in scientists completely between 2008 and 2018. Although the marginal importance of political ideology in contributing to trust was greater than that of party identification, it was secondary to that of education and race in 2018. We discuss the practical implications and lessons learned from using machine learning algorithms to examine public opinion trends.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"45-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9489934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Too strong to care? Investigating the links between formidability, worldviews, and views on climate and disaster. 太强而不在乎?调查强大、世界观和对气候和灾难的看法之间的联系。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2022.20
Marjorie L Prokosch, Colin Tucker Smith, Nicholas Kerry, Jason von Meding
{"title":"Too strong to care? <i>Investigating the links between formidability, worldviews, and views on climate and disaster</i>.","authors":"Marjorie L Prokosch,&nbsp;Colin Tucker Smith,&nbsp;Nicholas Kerry,&nbsp;Jason von Meding","doi":"10.1017/pls.2022.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2022.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People vary in climate change skepticism and in their views on disaster cause and prevention. For example, the United States boasts higher rates of climate skepticism than other countries, especially among Republicans. Research into the individual differences that shape variation in climate-related beliefs represents an important opportunity for those seeking ways to mitigate climate change and climate-related disasters (e.g., floods). In this registered report, we proposed a study examining how individual difference in physical formidability, worldview, and affect relate to attitudes about disaster and climate change. We predicted that highly formidable men would tend to endorse social inequality, hold status quo defensive worldviews, report lower levels of empathy, and report attitudes that promote disaster risk accumulation via lesser support for social intervention. The results of an online study (Study 1) support the notion that men's self-perceived formidability is related to disaster and climate change beliefs in the predicted direction and that this relationship is mediated by hierarchical worldview and status quo defense but not empathy. An analysis of a preliminary sample for the in-lab study (Study 2) suggests that self-perceived formidability relates to disaster views, climate views, and status quo maintaining worldviews.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":"41 2","pages":"200-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9489939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Introduction to the Special Issue-Life Science in Politics: Methodological Innovations and Political Issues. 专题导论-政治中的生命科学:方法论创新与政治问题。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2022.17
Amanda Friesen, Aleksander Ksiazkiewicz, Rose McDermott
{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue-Life Science in Politics: Methodological Innovations and Political Issues.","authors":"Amanda Friesen,&nbsp;Aleksander Ksiazkiewicz,&nbsp;Rose McDermott","doi":"10.1017/pls.2022.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2022.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We introduce the Special Issue on Life Science in Politics: Methodological Innovations and Political Issues. This issue of <i>Politics and the Life Sciences</i> is focused on the use of life science theory and methods to study political phenomena and the exploration of the intersection of science and political attitudes. This issue is the third in a series of special issues funded by the Association for Politics and the Life Sciences that adheres to the Open Science Framework for registered reports. Pre-analysis plans are peer reviewed and given in-principle acceptance before data are collected and/or analyzed, and the articles are published contingent upon the preregistration of the study being followed as proposed. We note various interpretations and challenges associated with studying the science of politics and discuss the contributions.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":"41 2","pages":"155-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9115383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Senatorial signatures Absence of male-female differences in left-handedness. 参议员签名在左撇子方面没有男女差异。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2021.9
Nancy L Segal, Francisca J Niculae
{"title":"Senatorial signatures <i>Absence of male-female differences in left-handedness</i>.","authors":"Nancy L Segal,&nbsp;Francisca J Niculae","doi":"10.1017/pls.2021.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2021.9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A greater frequency of left-handedness among males than females has been observed in general populations. Past studies have explained this difference with reference to males' greater susceptibility to adverse birth events, while more recent studies have identified other contributing factors. On January 16, 2020, U.S. senators signed an oath to act impartially during the president's impeachment trial. This televised event allowed direct comparison of the proportion of right-handedness and left-handedness in a professionally accomplished sample of males and females. As expected, no sex difference in the proportion of left-handed senators was found, although the small sample size offered low statistical power. Replicating this finding with a larger sample would support the view that left-handedness among select groups of males is linked to genetic factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"38-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/pls.2021.9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9489932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sleeping giant: A research agenda for politics and chronobiology. 沉睡的巨人:政治和时间生物学的研究议程。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2022.16
Aleksander Ksiazkiewicz
{"title":"Sleeping giant: <i>A research agenda for politics and chronobiology</i>.","authors":"Aleksander Ksiazkiewicz","doi":"10.1017/pls.2022.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2022.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep research presents an important frontier of discovery for political science. While sleep has largely been neglected by political scientists, human psychology is inextricably linked with sleep and so political cognition must be as well. Existing work shows that sleep is linked to political participation and ideology, and that contentious politics can disrupt sleep. I propose three directions for future research-on participatory democracy, on ideology, and on how context shapes sleep-politics links. I also note that sleep research intersects with the study of political institutions, of war and conflict, of elite decision-making, and of normative theory. In short, political scientists across subfields can and should consider whether and how sleep influences political life in their area of expertise and how to influence relevant policies. This new research agenda will enrich our theories of politics and enable us to identify pressing areas for policy interventions to revitalize our democracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":"41 2","pages":"298-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9118819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The pre-political origins and policy consequences of environmental justice concern. 环境正义的前政治起源和政策后果关注。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2022.7
Matt Motta
{"title":"The pre-political origins and policy consequences of environmental justice concern.","authors":"Matt Motta","doi":"10.1017/pls.2022.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2022.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While the effects of climate change will impact most Americans, they will likely have a disproportionate influence on the socioeconomic well-being of marginalized communities. Few researchers, however, have investigated public support for policies aimed at ameliorating climate-related disparities. Fewer still have considered how political and (critically) pre-political psychological dispositions might shape environmental justice concern (EJC) and subsequently influence policy support-both of which, I argue, could present roadblocks for effective climate communication and policy action. In this registered report, I (1) propose and validate a new measure of EJC, (2) explore its political correlates and pre-political antecedents, and (3) test for a link between EJC and policy support. In addition to psychometrically validating the EJC scale, I find that pre-political value orientations are associated with EJC, which, in turn, mediates the effects of pre-political values on taking action to mitigate the unequal effects of climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":"41 2","pages":"182-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9118814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Racial and ethnic variation in the negativity bias-ideology connection: A registered report. 消极偏见与意识形态关系中的种族和民族差异:一份注册报告。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2022.19
Frank J Gonzalez, Rongbo Jin, Ianne Wang
{"title":"Racial and ethnic variation in the negativity bias-ideology connection: <i>A registered report</i>.","authors":"Frank J Gonzalez,&nbsp;Rongbo Jin,&nbsp;Ianne Wang","doi":"10.1017/pls.2022.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2022.19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is a registered report for a study of racial and ethnic variation in the relationship between negativity bias and political attitudes. Pioneering work on the psychological and biological roots of political orientation has suggested that political conservatism is driven in large part by enhanced negativity bias. This work has been criticized on several theoretical fronts, and recent replication attempts have failed. To dig deeper into the contours of when (and among whom) negativity bias predicts conservatism, we investigate a surprisingly overlooked factor in existing literature: race and ethnicity. We propose that political issues represent threat or disgust in different ways depending on one's race and ethnicity. We recruited 174 White, Latinx, and Asian American individuals (in equal numbers) to examine how the relationship between negativity bias and political orientation varies by race/ethnicity across four domains: policing/criminal justice, immigration, economic redistribution, and religious social conservatism.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":"41 2","pages":"232-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9118815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Politics, preparedness, or resources Examining state responsiveness to the COVID-19 pandemic. 政治、准备或资源考察国家对COVID-19大流行的反应。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2022.10
Luisa Lucero, Luisa Diaz-Kope, Hadiza Galadima
{"title":"Politics, preparedness, or resources <i>Examining state responsiveness to the COVID-19 pandemic</i>.","authors":"Luisa Lucero,&nbsp;Luisa Diaz-Kope,&nbsp;Hadiza Galadima","doi":"10.1017/pls.2022.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2022.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>U.S. states are often the primary decision makers during a public health crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic led to several different reopening processes across states based on their unique characteristics. We analyze whether states' reopening policy decisions were driven by their public health preparedness, resources, COVID-19 impact, or state politics and political culture. To do so, we summarized state characteristics and compared them across three categories of reopening scores in a bivariate analysis using the chi-square or Fisher exact test for the categorical variables and a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the continuous variables. A cumulative logit model was used to assess the primary research question. A significant factor in a state's reopening decision was the party of the governor, regardless of the party in control of the legislature, state political culture, public health preparedness, cumulative number of deaths per 100,000, and Opportunity Index score.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":"41 2","pages":"276-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9118816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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