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Neurotechnology and international security: Predicting commercial and military adoption of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) in the United States and China. 神经技术与国际安全:预测美国和中国对脑机接口(bci)的商业和军事采用。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2022.2
Margaret Kosal, Joy Putney
{"title":"Neurotechnology and international security: <i>Predicting commercial and military adoption of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) in the United States and China</i>.","authors":"Margaret Kosal,&nbsp;Joy Putney","doi":"10.1017/pls.2022.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2022.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the past decade, international actors have launched \"brain projects\" or \"brain initiatives.\" One of the emerging technologies enabled by these publicly funded programs is brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), which are devices that allow communication between the brain and external devices like a prosthetic arm or a keyboard. BCIs are poised to have significant impacts on public health, society, and national security. This research presents the first analytical framework that attempts to predict the dissemination of neurotechnologies to both the commercial and military sectors in the United States and China. While China started its project later with less funding, we find that it has other advantages that make earlier adoption more likely. We also articulate national security risks implicit in later adoption, including the inability to set international ethical and legal norms for BCI use, especially in wartime operating environments, and data privacy risks for citizens who use technology developed by foreign actors.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"81-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9448243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Global political leaders during the COVID-19 vaccination: Between propaganda and fact-checking. COVID-19疫苗接种期间的全球政治领导人:在宣传和事实核查之间。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2023.4
Rubén Rivas-de-Roca, Concha Pérez-Curiel
{"title":"Global political leaders during the COVID-19 vaccination: <i>Between propaganda and fact-checking</i>.","authors":"Rubén Rivas-de-Roca,&nbsp;Concha Pérez-Curiel","doi":"10.1017/pls.2023.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2023.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The advent of COVID-19 vaccination meant a moment of hope after months of crisis communication. However, the context of disinformation on social media threatened the success of this public health campaign. This study examines how heads of government and fact-checking organizations in four countries managed communications on Twitter about the vaccination. Specifically, we conduct a content analysis of their discourses through the observation of propaganda mechanisms. The research draws on a corpus of words related to the pandemic and vaccines in France, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States (<i>n</i> = 2,800). The data were captured for a five-month period (January-May 2021), during which COVID-19 vaccines became available for elderly people. The results show a trend of clearly fallacious communication among the political leaders, based on the tools of emphasis and appeal to emotion. We argue that the political messages about the vaccination mainly used propaganda strategies. These tweets also set, to a certain extent, the agendas of the most relevant fact-checking initiatives in each country.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"104-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9442007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Afraid of whom?: Threat sensitivity's influence changes with perceived source of threat. 怕谁？：威胁敏感度的影响会随着感知到的威胁来源而变化。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2022.12
Nicolas M Anspach
{"title":"Afraid of whom?: <i>Threat sensitivity's influence changes with perceived source of threat</i>.","authors":"Nicolas M Anspach","doi":"10.1017/pls.2022.12","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pls.2022.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Taking insights from the fields of psychology and biology, a growing body of scholarship considers the psychophysiological foundations of political attitudes. Subconscious emotional reactions to threat, for example, have been shown to predict socially conservative attitudes toward out-groups. However, many of these studies fail to consider different sources of perceived threat. Using a combination of survey and physiological data, I distinguish between fear of others and fear of authority, finding that threat sensitivity predicts divergent political attitudes depending on the strength of each. Those who are more sensitive to threat from others tend to hold socially conservative attitudes, while those who fear authority generally take more libertarian positions. As sensitivity to threat is at least partially inherited, these findings highlight the genetic role of political predispositions.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"17-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9448241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Genes, personality, and political behavior: A replication and extension using Danish twins. 基因、个性和政治行为:丹麦双胞胎的复制和扩展。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2022.11
Aaron Weinschenk, Christopher Dawes, Robert Klemmensen, Stig Hebbelstrup Rye Rasmussen
{"title":"Genes, personality, and political behavior: <i>A replication and extension using Danish twins</i>.","authors":"Aaron Weinschenk,&nbsp;Christopher Dawes,&nbsp;Robert Klemmensen,&nbsp;Stig Hebbelstrup Rye Rasmussen","doi":"10.1017/pls.2022.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2022.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, we examine whether there is genetic overlap between personality traits and political participation, interest, and efficacy. We make several contributions to the literature. First, we use new data from a large sample of twins from Denmark to examine the link between genes, the Big Five traits, and political behavior. Previous research in this area has not examined the Danish context. Second, because our measures have some overlap with those used in previous studies, we are able to examine whether previous findings replicate in a different sample. Finally, we extend the literature by examining the possible genetic link between some personality and political traits that have not yet been explored. Overall, we find that genes account for a fairly large share of the correlation between two of the Big Five personality traits (openness and extraversion), political participation, and political interest. Thus, most of the relationship between these personality traits and our measures of political behavior can be accounted for by a common underlying genetic component.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"4-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9448236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Epidemic intelligence studies: A research agenda for political scientists. 流行病情报研究:政治科学家的研究议程。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2023.2
Craig Douglas Albert
{"title":"Epidemic intelligence studies: A research agenda for political scientists.","authors":"Craig Douglas Albert","doi":"10.1017/pls.2023.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2023.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research letter introduces readers to health intelligence by conceptualizing critical components and providing a primer for research within political science broadly considered. Accordingly, a brief review of the literature is provided, concluding with possible future research agendas. The aim is to elaborate on the importance of public health intelligence to national security studies, and to political science more generally.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"158-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9448239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Expanding our thinking about discrete emotions and politics. 拓展我们对离散情感和政治的思考。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2022.23
David P Redlawsk
{"title":"Expanding our thinking about discrete emotions and politics.","authors":"David P Redlawsk","doi":"10.1017/pls.2022.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2022.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent decades, political psychologists have given a lot of attention to the role of emotions in politics. While there have been several different research programs, the dominant paradigm has been set by affective intelligence theory (AIT), developed by George Marcus, Russell Neuman, and Michael Mackuen. AIT has helped explain many puzzles in understanding how emotions influence political decisions, as any good paradigm should. At the same time, I argue it has also had the effect of limiting broader research into the range of discrete emotions, especially contempt. While recognizing the value of AIT, I call for more research that goes beyond its boundaries, showing through several recent studies how a focus on the additional effects of contempt can improve our understanding of voter decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"146-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9443754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Editor-in-Chief's introduction to the issue and volume 41 in review. 总编辑对问题的介绍和第41卷的审查。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2023.5
Gregg R Murray
{"title":"Editor-in-Chief's introduction to the issue and volume 41 in review.","authors":"Gregg R Murray","doi":"10.1017/pls.2023.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2023.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9448237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Benjamin Ewertand Kathrin Loer, eds., Behavioural Policies for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Benjamin Ewertand Kathrin Loer主编。促进健康和预防疾病的行为政策
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-02 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2021.13
R. Blank
{"title":"Benjamin Ewertand Kathrin Loer, eds., Behavioural Policies for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention","authors":"R. Blank","doi":"10.1017/pls.2021.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2021.13","url":null,"abstract":"[...]there is no doubt that the rise of behavioral sciences offers insights into human behavior that can be adapted to public health. The result, Strassheim and Loer argue, is that structural problems and social inequalities in public health are neglected in the name of evidence-based policy. [...]if not negotiated in the public realm and politically legitimized, strategies of behavioral governance may not fit the common interest. According to Ewert and Loer, the debate over the use of behavioral insights has “breathed new life into the art of policy making in health promotion” (p. 102).","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"145 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/pls.2021.13","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57056661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Science interrupted Our attempt to study disgust sensitivity and the development of political attitudes among children and their parents. 科学打断了我们对儿童及其父母的厌恶敏感性和政治态度发展的研究。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2022.1
Valentina Parma, Kevin Arceneaux
{"title":"Science interrupted <i>Our attempt to study disgust sensitivity and the development of political attitudes among children and their parents</i>.","authors":"Valentina Parma,&nbsp;Kevin Arceneaux","doi":"10.1017/pls.2022.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2022.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent research contends that the behavioral immune system, operating largely outside conscious awareness, motivates individuals to exhibit higher levels of prejudice toward unfamiliar out-groups. This research finds that individual variance in disgust sensitivity correlates with support for political policies that facilitate the avoidance of out-groups. We were interested in developing less intrusive indicators of disgust sensitivity via olfactory measures (i.e., ratings of disgusting odors) and behavioral measures (e.g., willingness to touch disgusting objects) and studying the association between measures of disgust sensitivity and in-group bias among children and adults. We submitted a registered report to conduct this research and received an in-principle acceptance. Unfortunately, unforeseen events impaired our data collection, leaving us with a limited sample (<i>n<sub>children</sub></i> = 32, <i>n<sub>adults</sub></i> = 29) and reducing our ability to draw reliable conclusions from our results. In this essay, we describe our motivation and plan of research, the events that made completing the research impossible, and our preliminary results. In doing so, we hope to offer support for studying the effects of the behavioral immune system, even in ways that we did not originally plan. We conclude with a reflection on the value of registered reports for advancing science.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"3-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9118806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Breaking free How preregistration hurts scholars and science. 预注册是如何伤害学者和科学的。
Politics and the Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2022.4
Rose McDermott
{"title":"Breaking free <i>How preregistration hurts scholars and science</i>.","authors":"Rose McDermott","doi":"10.1017/pls.2022.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pls.2022.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pre-registration has become an increasingly popular proposal to address concerns regarding questionable research practices. Yet preregistration does not necessarily solve these problems. It also causes additional problems, including raising costs for more junior and less resourced scholars. In addition, pre-registration restricts creativity and diminishes the broader scientific enterprise. In this way, pre-registration neither solves the problems it is intended to address, nor does it come without costs. Pre-registration is neither necessary nor sufficient for producing novel or ethical work. In short, pre-registration represents a form of virtue signaling that is more performative than actual.</p>","PeriodicalId":35901,"journal":{"name":"Politics and the Life Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"55-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9489933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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