Neurophysiologie-Labor最新文献

{"title":"Neurophysiologische Diagnostik bei neuropathischen Schmerzen","authors":"Nurcan Üçeyler","doi":"10.1016/j.neulab.2019.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neulab.2019.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Neuropathische Schmerzen sind häufig und schränken die Lebensqualität betroffener Patienten erheblich ein. Die Diagnostik basiert in erster Linie auf der ausführlichen Schmerzanamnese und der klinisch-neurologischen Untersuchung zur Ortung der zugrunde liegenden Störung. Verfahren, mit denen (neuropathische) Schmerzen abgebildet oder gemessen werden können gibt es nicht, allerdings wurden insbesondere zur Untersuchung der schmerzleitenden kleinkalibrigen Nervenfasern zahlreiche Methoden etabliert, die bei der differenzialdiagnostischen Abklärung eingesetzt werden können (s. Tabelle). Neben der Anwendung von speziellen Fragebögen, psychophysischen Tests und morphologischen Untersuchungen können neurophysiologische Verfahren wie evozierte Potenziale und Microneurographie zum Einsatz kommen. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden diese Verfahren vorgestellt und in den Kontext der Diagnostik bei neuropathischen Schmerzen gestellt.</p></div><div><p>Neuropathic pain is frequent and leads to relevant impairment of health related quality of life. Diagnostics are primarily based on a detailed pain history and clinical neurological examination to locate the underlying damage. There are no methods to image or measure (neuropathic) pain. However, several novel techniques have been established to investigate small caliber nerve fibers conducting pain. Besides using special pain questionnaires for neuropathic pain, psychophysic tests, and morphological examinations, neurophysiological tests such as evoked potentials and microneurography may be used. These tests are characterized in this article and their impact on the diagnostics in neuropathic pain is discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35874,"journal":{"name":"Neurophysiologie-Labor","volume":"41 3","pages":"Pages 172-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.neulab.2019.07.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46391771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitgliedermitteilung des SFND","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.neulab.2019.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neulab.2019.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35874,"journal":{"name":"Neurophysiologie-Labor","volume":"41 3","pages":"Page 182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.neulab.2019.06.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46171672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurophysiologische und sonographische Diagnostik des Guillain-Barré-Syndroms","authors":"Thomas Regenspurger","doi":"10.1016/j.neulab.2019.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neulab.2019.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Schwerpunkt des Artikels stellt die elektrophysiologische und sonologische Diagnostik bei Verdacht auf ein Guillain-Barré-Syndrom (GBS) dar. Die frühzeitige Diagnosestellung eines GBS erfolgt in erster Linie nach klinischen Kriterien. Neurophysiologische Untersuchungen liefern weitere unterstützende Hinweise auf eine Demyelinisierung. Die diagnostischen Kriterien eines akuten GBS sind gleichzeitiger Nachweis von Nervenleitgeschwindigkeits- und Amplitudenreduktion ohne wesentliche Dispersion, Leitungsblock und F-Wellen-Veränderungen – festgestellt zur diagnostischen Sicherung innerhalb der ersten drei Wochen. Nervenultraschalluntersuchungen (periphere motorische Nerven, Zervikalnerven, N. vagus) können zusätzliche, frühzeitige Beiträge zur Diagnosefindung, Verlaufsbeurteilung und Prognose liefern.</p></div><div><p>The aim of this reviewed article is diagnostic approach in GBS using electrophysiology and ultrasound. Early diagnosis of GBS is mainly based on clinical criteria. However, neurophysiological examinations provide further information about demyelination. Diagnostic criteria of acute GBS (within 3 weeks) are reduced nerve conduction velocity and reduction of amplitude at the same time without any essential dispersion, conduction block and changes of F-waves. Ultrasound examination of nerves (peripheral motor nerves, cervical roots and probably vagus nerv) can provide additional information for early diagnosis, follow up and prognosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35874,"journal":{"name":"Neurophysiologie-Labor","volume":"41 2","pages":"Pages 99-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.neulab.2019.04.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49221377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitgliedermitteilung des SFND","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.neulab.2019.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulab.2019.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35874,"journal":{"name":"Neurophysiologie-Labor","volume":"41 2","pages":"Page 120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.neulab.2019.04.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71762610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sonographie des N. vagus – Methodik und Indikation","authors":"Johann Pelz ,&nbsp;David Weise","doi":"10.1016/j.neulab.2019.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neulab.2019.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Der N. vagus wird zunehmend zur Beantwortung wissenschaftlicher aber auch klinischer Fragestellungen mittels Ultraschall untersucht. Dieser Artikel gibt zunächst einen kurzen Überblick über die Anatomie des N. vagus bevor die wichtigsten Indikationen diskutiert werden. Anschließend liegt der Fokus auf der ausführlichen Darstellung der praktischen Ultraschalluntersuchung mit Angabe von Normalwerten.</p></div><div><p>The vagus nerve is increasingly examined by ultrasound addressing both, scientific and clinical questions. This article gives a short overview about the vagal anatomy before discussing the most important indications for the ultrasound examination of the vagus nerve. Subsequently, the focus is laid on the detailed description of the practical aspects of the ultrasound examination. Finally, normal reference values are given.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35874,"journal":{"name":"Neurophysiologie-Labor","volume":"41 2","pages":"Pages 91-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.neulab.2019.03.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47618573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dystoner Tremor? – ein Fallbericht","authors":"David Weise","doi":"10.1016/j.neulab.2019.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neulab.2019.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Die neue Klassifikation von Tremor, der häufigsten Bewegungsstörung basiert auf einem 2-Achsen-Prinzip, einer phänomenologischen Beschreibung des Tremors inklusiver klinischer Charakteristika zum einen und einer ätiologischen Einordnung zum Anderen. Anhand eines Fallbeispiels von einer Patientin mit einem mutmaßlich dystonen Tremor soll diese neue Klassifikation angewendet und die Herausforderungen der differentialdiagnostischen Einordnung dargestellt werden.</p></div><div><p>The new classification of tremors, the most frequent movement disorder, is based on two axes, a phenomenological description of the tremor including clinical characteristics on the one hand and an etiological classification on the other hand. On the basis of the case report of a patient with presumably dystonic tremor the new classification was applied to the challenges of the differential diagnostics discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35874,"journal":{"name":"Neurophysiologie-Labor","volume":"41 2","pages":"Pages 113-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.neulab.2019.04.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43205295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitgliedermitteilung des FNTA","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.neulab.2019.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulab.2019.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35874,"journal":{"name":"Neurophysiologie-Labor","volume":"41 2","pages":"Page 119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.neulab.2019.04.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71762609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Das Karpaltunnel-Syndrom. Anatomie - Klinik - Messmethoden","authors":"Wilhard Reuter","doi":"10.1016/j.neulab.2018.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neulab.2018.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nach einer Darstellung der anatomischen Beziehung zwischen Nervus medianus und Karpaltunnel werden die klinischen Symptome und Untersuchungsmethoden dargestellt.</p><p>Die klassischen Methoden der Elektroneurographie werden durch die Darstellung intraindividueller Vergleichsmessungen und der Inchingmethode ergänzt.</p></div><div><p>Based on the anatomical relationship between the median nerve and the carpaltunnel the signs and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome are described. The demonstration of the methods of classical motor and sensory electroneurography is completed with intraindividually motor and sensory comparison studies and the “inching”-method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35874,"journal":{"name":"Neurophysiologie-Labor","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.neulab.2018.10.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42539147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elektroden und deren Eigenschaften: Was sollte ein Anwender in der Neurophysiologie darüber wissen?","authors":"Volker Milnik","doi":"10.1016/j.neulab.2018.08.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulab.2018.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Die Qualität einer EEG-Ableitung ist von der Güte aller verwendeten Elemente wie Elektroden, Verstärker, Schreibsysteme usw. abhängig. Das empfindlichste und störanfälligste Glied dieser Kette sind zweifellos die Elektroden als Überträger der elektrischen Aktivität des Gehirns zu den Verstärkern. Jede Elektrode besteht aus einem Elektrodenmetall, das über eine elektrolytische Brücke mit dem Gewebe in Verbindung steht. An der Verbindungsstelle des Elektrodenmetalls mit dem Elektrolyten bildet sich eine elektrische Doppelschicht aus. Das elektrische Potential dieser Doppelschicht, das Elektrodenpotential, ist die häufigste Ursache von Bewegungsartefakten im EEG.</p><p>Eine weitere wichtige Eigenschaft von Elektroden ist die Polarisation. Diese Eigenschaft beschreibt das Verhalten der Elektroden gegenüber extern angelegten Spannungen, in der Praxis sind das die zu registrierenden EEG-Potentiale. Unmittelbar damit verbunden ist der Elektrodenwiderstand. In der Regel werden die Ableitbedingungen umso besser sein, je niedriger der Elektrodenwiderstand ist. Die Kenntnis der wichtigsten in der Neurophysiologie verwendeten Elektroden und deren Eigenschaften sowie der Artefakte und Störungen, die von den Elektroden ausgehen können, muss ein wesentlicher Bestandteil des Wissens jedes Anwenders sein. Durch eine sachgemäße Behandlung und Pflege der Elektroden können Artefakte auf ein Minimum reduziert werden.</p></div><div><p>The qualicy of an EEG recording depends upon all the components of the electrode-amplification-recording System. Undoubtedly, the most sensitive links in this chain are the electrodes which may be considered as the transducers which transfer the electrical actitvities of the brain for appropriative amplification. One of the fundamental components of all electrode Systems is the electrode-electrolyte interface. The electrodes may be made of a number of metals. The contact with the tissue is made by the electrolyte which may be an electrode paste or a physiological solution of sodium-chloride or physiological fluid itself.</p><p>An electrical double layer is established at the electrode-electrolyte interface. The potential of this double layer is called electrode potential.</p><p>Every MTA or EEG technologist must be aware of the most important electrode properties such as electrode potential, polarisation, electrode resistance, etc. and of the artefacts and disturbances connected with them. A careful maintenance of the electrodes can reduce the possibility of artefacts to a minimum.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35874,"journal":{"name":"Neurophysiologie-Labor","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 20-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.neulab.2018.08.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71825292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitgliedermitteilung des FNTA","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.neulab.2019.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neulab.2019.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35874,"journal":{"name":"Neurophysiologie-Labor","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 85-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.neulab.2019.01.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45928611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}