Review of Black Political Economy最新文献

{"title":"Gendering Environment and Climate Change in the Economic Community of West African States & the East African Community: Why Representation Matters","authors":"Naaborle Sackeyfio, A. Kaba","doi":"10.1177/00346446211036762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00346446211036762","url":null,"abstract":"The heightened prospect of a “rising Africa” stems from multiple developments across the continent. Technological innovation, economic empowerment, increasing female leadership, and more continue to raise the fortunes of African countries. As regional economic communities engage with Agenda 2063, an ambitious endeavor to support and sustain economic development, a gendering environment is pivotal to any ensuing progress. Using the case studies of two regional organizations, our research examines the pace of political representation of women in relevant environmental committees in the Economic Community of West African States and the East African Community. In an epoch where women constitute half of the continent, the case for female representation to combat ecological challenges propelled by the securitization of environmental issues is paramount.","PeriodicalId":35867,"journal":{"name":"Review of Black Political Economy","volume":"34 12 1","pages":"203 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82784419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Educational Opportunity and the Carceral System: Sentencing Policies and Black Men's College Enrollment","authors":"Tolani A. Britton","doi":"10.1177/00346446211036763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00346446211036763","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores whether the Federal Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, which increased the disproportionate incarceration of young Black men, was also associated with changes in the likelihood of college enrollment for Black men in states with more punitive sentencing laws. I measure the association between the introduction of state sentencing laws, such as truth-in-sentencing (TIS), and college enrollment. These laws could have decreased the likelihood of Black male college enrollment by removing these men from the population in the years in which they would have attended college. To explore the impact of the passage of sentencing laws on college enrollment, I carry out a differences-in-differences analysis and an event study from 1992 to 2000. In the years after TIS passed, significant decreases occurred in the likelihood of college enrollment for Black young men when compared to the college enrollment of young White men in TIS states. However, there were no significant decreases when comparing college enrollment of young Black men in TIS states with enrollment for young Black men in non-TIS states. With respect to state sentencing schemes, voluntary guidelines, determinate sentences, presumptive recommended sentences, presumptive determinate sentences, and recommended determinate sentences were associated with a lower likelihood of college enrollment for Black men.","PeriodicalId":35867,"journal":{"name":"Review of Black Political Economy","volume":"30 1","pages":"444 - 474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87984546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Memoriam: Courtney N. Blackman","authors":"Willene A. Johnson, B. Anderson","doi":"10.1177/00346446211034225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00346446211034225","url":null,"abstract":"Courtney Newlands Blackman was a prominent black economist who lived a meaningful, purposeful, well-ordered life of public service. Although he is perhaps best known as the founding governor of the Central Bank of Barbados and the Ambassador of Barbados to the United States, Blackman’s achievements included professional engagements in academia and international business. The unifying framework of his career was a search for theory and praxis to guide the transformation of Barbados from a colony dependent on agriculture to an independent nation with a diverse economy and a healthy democracy. By the time of Blackman’s death in March 2021, the World Bank classified Barbados as a high-income country (World Bank, 2021) and the United Nations reported that the island had achieved the highest human development index in the Caribbean (United Nations, 2020). Blackman’s role as an economic thinker and central bank governor who set a high standard for public service contributed significantly to this success. Blackman was born and received his early education in Barbados in the first third of the 20th century. An outstanding student, Blackman was awarded a scholarship to attend the University College of the West Indies in Jamaica, where he earned a bachelor’s degree in Modern History. Blackman’s first professional engagement was in international business—with the Jamaican branch of the Aluminum Company of Canada (ALCAN) where he rose to the position of personnel director. Blackman then turned to teaching secondary school—first in Jamacia and then in Ghana, where President Nkrumah was crafting strategies to move the newly-independent nation towards full political independence and economic prosperity. Returning to Barbados, Blackman nurtured his growing interest in economic development, at times contributing opinion pieces for publication in the local press. Blackman had a keen intellect and an interest in the theoretical tools to guide development in the Caribbean. But he also had an interest in management and so he seized the opportunity to earn an MBA degree at the InterAmerican University of Puerto Rico. Both Blackman and Michael Joshua from","PeriodicalId":35867,"journal":{"name":"Review of Black Political Economy","volume":"1 1","pages":"377 - 380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88579694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Memoriam: Stephanie Yvette Wilson","authors":"M. Simms","doi":"10.1177/00346446211034222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00346446211034222","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35867,"journal":{"name":"Review of Black Political Economy","volume":"11 1","pages":"375 - 376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83848335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Economic Growth and Government Revenue Generation in Nigeria: The Role of Diaspora Remittances","authors":"Dal Didia, Suleiman Tahir","doi":"10.1177/00346446211025647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00346446211025647","url":null,"abstract":"Even though remittances constitute the second-largest source of foreign exchange for Nigeria, with a $24 billion inflow in 2018, its impact on economic growth remains unclear. This study, therefore, examined the short-run and long-run impact of remittances on the economic growth of Nigeria using the vector error correction model. Utilizing World Bank data covering 1990–2018, the empirical analysis revealed that remittances hurt economic growth in the short run while having no impact on economic growth in the long run. Our parameter estimates indicate that a 1% increase in remittances would result in a 0.9% decrease in the gross domestic product growth rate in the short run. One policy implication of this study is that Nigeria needs to devise policies and interventions that minimize the emigration of skilled professionals rather than depending on remittances that do not offset the losses to the economy due to brain drain.","PeriodicalId":35867,"journal":{"name":"Review of Black Political Economy","volume":"63 1","pages":"175 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89142332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discrimination and Monopsony Power","authors":"Mark Stelzner, Kate Bahn","doi":"10.1177/00346446211025646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00346446211025646","url":null,"abstract":"Wage inequalities between identical workers of different race, ethnicity, and gender are a persistent feature of labor markets. However, most labor market models either ignore important empirical evidence or focus very narrowly on specific labor market dynamics. To better understand such wage differences, we create a labor market model that integrates firm competition for workers, employee movement between jobs in response to market signals, potential monetary frictions in the job transition process, and workers' collective action which is a function of government support. Our model shows that because of gender- and race-specific historical and social outcomes, like the relatively lower household wealth of Black and Latino families and the increased household responsibilities of women, women and minority workers are more exploitable; employers can push their wage farther below the value of their marginal product. Also, our model shows that the cumulative wage gap for non-White women is greater than the additive gaps of being nonmale and non-White. Lastly, our model shows that a reduction in government support for collective action enables employers to wield monopsony power more freely, independent of changes in employer concentration. Because certain groups are more exploitable, employers' increased capability in wielding monopsony power means increased wage differentials replicating discriminatory biases against marginalized groups of workers.","PeriodicalId":35867,"journal":{"name":"Review of Black Political Economy","volume":"10 1","pages":"152 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81842015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Inequality, the Digital Divide, and Remote Learning During COVID-19","authors":"Dania V. Francis, C. Weller","doi":"10.1177/00346446211017797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00346446211017797","url":null,"abstract":"Wealth and education establish a cycle of intergenerational inequality. Wealthier households can provide more educational opportunities for their children, who then will have more chances to build wealth for themselves. The digital divide may have emerged as a key reinforcing mechanism of education through wealth and of future wealth through education during the pandemic. The intergenerational transmission of racial wealth inequality likely played out at rapid speed during the pandemic. We analyze the link between wealth, reliable internet and electronic device availability, remote learning time, race, and ethnicity, using the U.S. Census Bureau's Household Pulse Survey. We conclude that Black and Hispanic/Latinx households have less reliable internet and devices available. This goes along with fewer hours children spend on remote learning. The lack of internet and devices correlates with less wealth, as reflected in lower homeownership rates and greater housing instability. Black and Hispanic/Latinx households, in particular, are more likely to be renters and face housing instability.","PeriodicalId":35867,"journal":{"name":"Review of Black Political Economy","volume":"49 1","pages":"41 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/00346446211017797","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43483235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Future of American Blackness: On Colorism and Racial Reorganization","authors":"R. Reece","doi":"10.1177/00346446211017274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00346446211017274","url":null,"abstract":"This manuscript leverages the plethora of research on colorism and skin tone stratification among Black Americans to consider how the “Black” racial category may change going forward. I build on ideas about path dependence, racial and ethnic boundary formations, racial reorganization, and a case study on race and body size to explore how extant group-level differences in social outcomes and emerging differences in political attitudes between lighter skinned and darker skinned Black Americans may lead to a schism between the two groups that forces us to question what it means to identify or be identified as “Black.” The idea that “Black is Black” has become thoroughly engrained in the American imagination, facilitated by the history of “one-drop rules” and encouraged by racial segregation. This drives our racial categorization and fuels resistance to many public discussions of colorism. However, we may have reached an even more important crossroads in our examination of colorism that forces us to reckon with the question “what is a racial group?”","PeriodicalId":35867,"journal":{"name":"Review of Black Political Economy","volume":"39 1","pages":"481 - 505"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88368489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When and Where Residential Racial Segregation Matters for the Black Self-employment Rate","authors":"A. Bento","doi":"10.1177/00346446211013557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00346446211013557","url":null,"abstract":"Scholars debate whether residential racial segregation associates positively, negatively, or at all with the Black self-employment rate in the United States. This study engages that debate using data from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) 1980, 1990, and 2000 5% sample and 2006–2010 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year sample. Specifically, I investigate the county-level association between residential racial segregation and the Black self-employment rate, and whether this association varied by region in 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2010. Using fractional logit models and net of control variables, I find that residential racial segregation positively predicts Black self-employment in the South. Implications for understanding how time and region condition Black self-employment opportunities are discussed.","PeriodicalId":35867,"journal":{"name":"Review of Black Political Economy","volume":"1 1","pages":"455 - 480"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75164112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One Hundred Years of African American Economists: Difficulties and Prospects for Black Political Economy in the 21st Century","authors":"Linwood Tauheed","doi":"10.1177/00346446211013559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00346446211013559","url":null,"abstract":"The challenge set before Black economists in 1967 by Harold Cruse in his seminal work The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual: A Historical Analysis of the Failure of Black Leadership, to create new economic theories, methodologies, and institutional forms, from a Black community point of view, is still with us, and growing more urgent by the day. Mainstream economics has failed to shine much light on fundamental problems of inequality, poverty, and financial and productive stability, particularly as these problems intersect with racial disparity. After 100 years of African American economists, perhaps it is time to strike out on our own behalf and search for the solutions to our community's problems by creating and employing our own lamps.","PeriodicalId":35867,"journal":{"name":"Review of Black Political Economy","volume":"41 1","pages":"131 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77510191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}