Academic Journal of Business, Administration, Law and Social Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Key Performance Indicators in Occupational Health and Safety of Hospitals: A systematic review with meta-analysis protocol","authors":"Georgios I. Farantos, Georgios Dounias","doi":"10.2478/ajbals-2024-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ajbals-2024-0001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Objective: The purpose for conducting the review is to examine studies which have been carried out on Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) in hospitals using Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). We will determine if these studies take into account institutional categories.\u0000 \u0000 Introduction: The developing application of KPIs in hospitals takes into account some particular conditions for OHS in the health sector. The application of KPIs in OHS of hospitals is connected to institutional directives for OHS. We will determine if these studies take into account institutional categories such as Protective and Preventive Services (PPS), Risk Assessment (RA) and Management Systems (OHSMS).\u0000 Inclusion criteria: We will include studies which use KPIs in the evaluation of OHS in hospitals, (those related directly and indirectly to OHS). We exclude the following categories of study: Studies which use KPIs in hospital evaluations, but which are not oriented to OHS and studies which include KPIs in evaluating various organizations but not exclusively hospitals.\u0000 \u0000 Methods: We will conduct electronic searches for eligible studies within each of the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Heal-link, Google Scholar. With the help of the JBI tool and using inclusion/exclusion criteria, two independent reviewers will determine which studies will be selected or not. Those studies which fulfill the inclusion criteria will be subjected to a post analysis data procedure. We intend to use mixed methods and workflow software.\u0000 \u0000 Results (as expected outcomes): Examination of the relationship between KPIs in OHS of hospitals and the institutional representations for OHS, using the Data Analysis methods.\u0000 \u0000 Conclusions: The conclusions will depend on the results of the relationship between KPIs in OHS of hospitals and the institutional representations.","PeriodicalId":358300,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Business, Administration, Law and Social Sciences","volume":"157 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140276167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Road traffic accidents, sanctions and delays in judgments in Court proceedings in Prizren - Republic of Kosovo","authors":"Ejup Beti","doi":"10.2478/ajbals-2024-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ajbals-2024-0009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Traffic accidents are unexpected and unpleasant cases on the road, which often have consequences of damage to cars, people’s injuries and in more severe cases lead to death. These events occur for various reasons and can be the result of factors such as high speed, disregard for traffic signals, alcohol, unused safety belt, technical vehicle problems, bad weather conditions and dangerous drivers’ behavior. The consequences of traffic accidents can be very serious, including serious physical injuries, material damage to the vehicle, and in some cases loss of life. Some of the preventive measures to reduce the risk of traffic accidents include the respect for traffic rules, use of seat belts, non-consumption of alcohol at the time of driving, car maintenance, education and information. Road safety is a common challenge that requires cooperation and dedication from drivers, road authorities and the community in general. This challenge is faced by law enforcement institutions to perform the tasks and obligations deriving from the legislation in terms of discouraging legal violations by traffic participants. Therefore, this paper is intended for the discovery and interpretation of any stagnation or negligence that can lead to the encouragement of traffic participants to neglect traffic rules and laws. The analysis of this manuscript is accompanied with statistics, tables and graphs from 116 cases from a population of about 150,000 inhabitants.","PeriodicalId":358300,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Business, Administration, Law and Social Sciences","volume":"138 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140276346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EU legal Person Double Taxation Laws and Structures","authors":"Dr. Henris Balliu, Dr. Erisa Xhixho","doi":"10.2478/ajbals-2024-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ajbals-2024-0004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The United Nations Conference and Trade Development (2000) explains that double taxation has caused the occurrence of jurisdictional vacuums as well as conflicts. This is because most nations lack the necessary definitions of income classification. Thus leads to a person being considered as a resident by two or more states by virtue of the divergent perspectives held by the states involved. Such situations are common among people who maintain habitual abodes and conduct professional activities in 2 or more nations. It is also the case for entities operating in 2 or more nations (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 2000). Take, for example, a firm may be incorporated under the laws of Germany, which will determine residence by exploring the place of incorporation. In the same manner, the firm might be effectively managed and controlled from France, which determines the residence by exploring the place of management. The company would be required to meet the residence test in both France and Germany. This will ergo lead to it being taxed as a resident.\u0000 Likewise, the existence of a jurisdictional vacuum allows two states to tax the same item of income by their own definition if they think that the item arises from sources within their territories. The United Nations Conference and Trade Development (2000) indicate that such definitions cause mismatches in the timing of income recognition and accounting standards. The occurrences are mostly classified as either economic or judicial.\u0000 The topic on how to avoid double taxation is explored by Radu (2012), who notes that unilateral or international schemes can be put in place. The unilateral measures are often determined by the choices of economic policy. For instance, a nation which exports capital will exempt the foreign source income from their trade agreements so as to avoid being in a competitive disadvantage in third-country markets. The capital importing nations will exclude interest remunerating bank deposits for the non-residents in order to attract capital and improve on foreign direct investment (Radu, 2012; Barbuta-Misu & Tudor, 2009). The unilateral restraint measures are thus dictated by the restrictions which are imposed by a nation outside its own territory.","PeriodicalId":358300,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Business, Administration, Law and Social Sciences","volume":"77 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140282431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of Erasmus+ mobility program on higher education in Albania: The case of the University of Tirana","authors":"Andi Pinari","doi":"10.2478/ajbals-2024-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ajbals-2024-0007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Albania’s higher education system has been through dynamic changes and challenges after the fall of the dictatorship in 1990. Till 2007 there were only state owned universities, but starting from 2017 the high education sector was liberalized. Connections with Erasmus+ as an ambitious EU program that has played an essential role in shaping the landscape of international education and fostering cross-cultural exchange has been made since the opening of the country. Universities made a lot of effort to become more open and to participate into internationals programmes and initiatives. Erasmus, a flagship program of the European Union has played a pivotal role in transforming higher education and fostering international cooperation. The presence of Erasmus in Albania has been crucial for the internationalization of universities in Albania, but especially to students.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This paper aims to explore the key objectives, components, and impact of the Erasmus+ program, with a particular focus on its contribution to educational mobility, intercultural understanding, and the development of a more integrated European community. The paper focuses on the impact of Erasmus in Albania, examining the program’s objectives, implementation, challenges, and the broader implications for the country’s educational landscape and cultural exchange.\u0000","PeriodicalId":358300,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Business, Administration, Law and Social Sciences","volume":"62 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140282500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Terms of exclusion or limitation of contractual liability under English civil law","authors":"Luan Hasneziri","doi":"10.2478/ajbals-2024-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ajbals-2024-0003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 English contract law pays great attention to the terms of exclusion or limitation of contractual liability that the parties may provide in a contract. This is due to the fact that these terms can be considered as a social problem, since they are a means by which the contracting parties seek to avoid liability for non-fulfillment of contractual obligations. In this sense, these terms constitute an easy way for the contracting party, which is stronger, to exclude itself from liability to the other party. This is especially true in consumer related contracts.\u0000 The purpose of this paper is to address how these terms are regulated by doctrine and jurisprudence in England. This paper consists of two main cases. In the first case, the content and features of the terms of exclusion or limitation of contractual liability will be analyzed according to common law or judicial practice in England. It is understood that in this case, at the center of attention will be the analysis of the decisions of courts of different levels or the analysis of judicial precedents, since it is the latter that gives the meaning and content of these terms.\u0000 In the second case, the terms of exclusion or limitation of contractual liability will be analyzed in general, according to the English law: “The Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977”. Here we will specifically analyze the reasons that drove the legislators in England to pass this law, as well as address some of the main provisions of this law, as well as the impact they have had on judicial practice. Also, special attention will be paid to the cases of English judicial practice in relation to the correct and exact meaning of the concrete provisions of this law.","PeriodicalId":358300,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Business, Administration, Law and Social Sciences","volume":"390 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140283371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Usual and Incidental Contractual Conditions in the Albanian and English Contract Law","authors":"Luan Hasneziri","doi":"10.2478/ajbals-2023-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ajbals-2023-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The contract concluded by the parties, in addition to the essential conditions, which must necessarily exist in every contract; otherwise, it is invalid, also contains the usual conditions and the incidental conditions. This paper consists of two main issues. In the first case, the usual conditions and the incidental conditions will be treated according to contractual law in Albania. In the second case, these conditions will be addressed in accordance with English contract law, which is commonly referred to as “conditions negotiated by the parties”. The issues to be addressed in the first case pertain to the fundamental features that characterize the usual and incidental conditions under Albanian contract law, their content, and the consequences of their omission in the contract. In the second part of this paper, we will delve into the interpretation of miscellaneous clauses, both ordinary and incidental, under English contract law. We will explore the evolution in their interpretation within English judicial practice and examine the consequences of parties anticipating these terms. Particular attention will be paid to the challenges that have arisen in English judicial practice when resolving disputes between parties. In this manuscript, we will not only discuss the various positions held by different authors on this matter but also reference select decisions from English courts. In conclusion, we will provide a summary of results, focusing on the disparities between contractual law in Albania and UK concerning typical and incidental contract conditions. We will also address the issues that have arisen in the judicial practices of both countries, emphasizing the need for a fair and accurate interpretation of such conditions.","PeriodicalId":358300,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Business, Administration, Law and Social Sciences","volume":"65 1","pages":"36 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139299530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Innovation in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises: A comparative analysis between Albania and EU countries","authors":"Teuta Xhindi, Ermela Kripa, M. Bisceglia","doi":"10.2478/ajbals-2023-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ajbals-2023-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Innovation has always been one of the drivers of competition and for the long-term success of companies. The implementation of new digital technologies stimulates the development and acquisition of new skills, competences and knowledge, which are relevant factors in companies’ innovation activities, especially in SME’s. Albania stays between the first 10 European Countries where its citizens take 95% of public services online. Also, Albania is the first country not only in the region but also in Europe to have a dedicated law for the development of start-ups. The study purpose is to present a comparative analysis for the level of digital innovation for EU Countries and Albania. The research question is: Are there differences between Albania and European Countries regarding the Key indicators of Digital Economy and Society Index? We have conducted a review of the literature and a secondary data analysis. This study has a descriptive nature, and its main contribution is to present the comparative results between EU Countries and Albania regarding digital innovation. The results show that there are differences between Albania and European Countries regarding these indicators.","PeriodicalId":358300,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Business, Administration, Law and Social Sciences","volume":"190 1","pages":"1 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139302660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EU Integration of Chapter 27 “Environment and Climate change” in Albania","authors":"Artenida Duraku, Irida Agolli Nasufi","doi":"10.2478/ajbals-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ajbals-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article will be focused on the Chapter 27 “Environment & Climate Change” and during this desk study the new EU Enlargement Methodology will be analysed with a focus on the Chapter 27 and its transposition in Albania. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive understanding of EU Integration and especially of the environmental sector. With the opening of the EU negotiations, the responsibility has been moved to the Government of Albania and to the Albanian’s citizens. The Ministry of Tourism and Environment is the leading authority for Chapter 27 - Environment and Climate Action. Chapter 27 is included in cluster “Green agenda and sustainable connectivity” and it is considered as one of the most comprehensive and challenging to implement, including being the most-expensive chapter in terms of costs. This study will review the new enlargement methodology together with its application, which will be applied for the first time during the negotiation process and also will identify the level of transposition regarding the sub chapters of chapter 27 “Environment and Climate change”.","PeriodicalId":358300,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Business, Administration, Law and Social Sciences","volume":"59 1","pages":"54 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139291839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial indicators of coastal water in Velipoja beach, Albania","authors":"Hajrije Dibra, N. Bushati","doi":"10.2478/ajbals-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ajbals-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Albanian coastline is about 450 km long, with wide access to the Adriatic and Ionian seas. It has become popular in recent years for its many unexplored rocky and sandy beaches, crystal waters, curative sand rich in iodine, which has given a great impact in tourism and economy. Velipoja beach is located on the northwest of Adriatic Sea. Coastal waters of Velipoja are used for bathing, fishing and tourism, but in recent years these waters are exposed to various sources of pollution, which are related to restaurants and agricultural activities, wastewater discharge, etc. The quality of coastal water in Albania is particularly analysed by the Public Health Institution. It was considered reasonable to monitor the microbiological quality of coastal waters on Velipoja beach through microbiological parameters during summer season. Evaluations of the results were done based on Directive 2006/7/EC for inland waters, coastal and transitional waters. Seawater samples were tested mainly for E. coli, E. faecalis, S. faecalis, heterotrophs in accordance with European Standards using the membrane filtration method. Water samples were taken monthly from May-September 2023. Based on the data received, during the monitoring period the bacterial concentration for E. faecalis varied from 0 CFU /100 ml to 228 CFU/100 ml. The concentration for S. faecalis varied from 0 CFU /100 ml to 128 CFU/100 ml. The concentration for E. coli varied from 0 CFU /100 ml to 134 CFU/100ml. Velipoja Center has the highest concentration of E. coli, E. faecalis. The concentration of bacteria increases during the months of July and August, probably due to the large number of tourists visiting Velipoja beach during this period. According to Directive 2006/7/EC of the European Parliament, the quality of coastal waters of Velipoja during the period of investigation for E. coli is in the category “Excellent quality”. Monitoring for the presence of pathogen bacteria are essential water quality assessment, which directly or indirectly leads to serious problems to human health. Enterococcus faecalis is an indicator of an old faecal pollution (EN ISO 7899-2, 2000). The European Community (2006) recommended the following parameters: Escherichia coli/100 ml (500/1.000), and Intestinal enterococci/100 ml (200/400) categorized in the class A and B. Urban wastewaters are major sources for surface and groundwater pollution in the Shkodra lake basin. Monitoring for the presence of pathogen bacteria are essential water quality assessment, which directly or indirectly leads to serious problems to human health. Enterococcus faecalis is an indicator of an old faecal pollution (EN ISO 7899-2, 2000). The European Community (2006) recommended the following parameters: Escherichia coli/100 ml (500/1.000), and Intestinal enterococci/100 ml (200/400) categorized in the class A and B. Urban wastewaters are major sources for surface and groundwater pollution in the Shkodra lake basin.","PeriodicalId":358300,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Business, Administration, Law and Social Sciences","volume":"52 1","pages":"48 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139293026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Trust in the Criminal Procedure","authors":"Albi Gjoka, Evangjeli Xhuvani","doi":"10.2478/ajbals-2023-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ajbals-2023-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Trust and the feeling of being protected is the core value of the legal process. Trust should not be confused with the idea of goodwill. Goodwill is not normative of the criminal law, but it is a concept of the private law. A similar principle of trust in criminal law is the intent, which terminologically has a better connotation with criminal law than goodwill. Nevertheless, there is still a part that this definition does not include and leaves gaps in which the word trust is better used as a definition. The principles of legality and lex stricta are values in criminal law and also have their interpretations widely used. Main topic of this paper is the usage of the word trust and the need to trust the criminal law and have faith in it. A faith which is built in centuries and cases after cases which have led to a general conclusion. The conclusion is not to question the criminal process, the lawyers or judges and its paragraphs but to accept it as it is and follow its directions. Examples, case studies and other central topics can lead to a better understanding of the good faith in criminal law.","PeriodicalId":358300,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Business, Administration, Law and Social Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"20 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139300636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}