Martin Möbs , Jan Moritz , Thomas Schwarze , Michael Pittroff , Florian Kraus
{"title":"Fluorine gas (30%) escaping through leaks in stainless steels at 7 and 93 bars of pressure did not cause metal-fluorine fires","authors":"Martin Möbs , Jan Moritz , Thomas Schwarze , Michael Pittroff , Florian Kraus","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluchem.2025.110503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluchem.2025.110503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigated whether diluted fluorine gas (Solvaclean N, 30 % F<sub>2</sub>, 40 % N<sub>2</sub>, 30 % Ar) escaping from test leaks in prepassivated tubes or unpassivated disks can cause a metal fluorine fire. Tested tubes and disks were made out of stainless steel, 316 L (1.4404) or 316Ti (1.4571). For the simulation of damage leading to tube leaks, cuts were made using a hacksaw and an angle grinder, or a tube was squeezed together at its open end. A metal drill bit was used to make holes into test disks. Visual observations were made to determine whether corrosion, sparking, or a metal fluorine fire would occur when F<sub>2</sub> flows through the leaks. The tests were documented photographically, and the temperature changes close to the test leaks were tracked using a thermocouple. Under the conditions selected here, no ignition could be observed in any case, whether the F<sub>2</sub> escaped at 7 bars within 90 s or at 93 bars within a single second in a burst-like scenario. In addition, no temperature increase was detected.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":357,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluorine Chemistry","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 110503"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145464220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fluorinated porous materials for PFAS remediation: fluoroaffinity as a central design principle","authors":"Yasser Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluchem.2025.110488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluchem.2025.110488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a broad range of synthetic organofluorine compounds with >10,000 structures identified to date. Among them, only a limited subset of water-soluble compounds, specifically perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs, as PFCAs and PFSAs) and perfluoroether carboxylic acids (PFECAs, e.g. GenX), are relevant to adsorptive water and wastewater treatment. Many of these compounds are highly persistent, some subclasses bioaccumulate and several subclasses have been linked to adverse health and ecological effects. Conventional adsorbents like granular activated carbon (GAC), ion-exchange resins (IER), and membranes provide low efficiencies especially for short- and ultra-short-chain PFAAs, highlighting the need for next-generation solutions.</div><div>This review examines fluorinated porous materials (FPMs) as emerging adsorbents with attractive properties, and highlights their unique ability to leverage fluorine–fluorine (F···F) interactions, hydrophobic affinity, and electrostatics. Compared to conventional adsorbents FPMs represent a promising alternative with superior performance, particularly for short- and ultra-short-chain PFAS. We conceptualize fluoroaffinity not simply as an interaction but as a unifying design principle linking PFAS persistence and adsorbent design. We present structure-performance relationships, quantitative thresholds, and applied metrics and considerations of scaling, regenerability, techno-economics, and regulation. By merging mechanistic understanding with practical application, this work reframes soluble PFAS remediation through a design-oriented perspective to guide the development of next-generation materials for selective capture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":357,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluorine Chemistry","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 110488"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145464221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aleksei V. Petrovichev, Irina V. Kutovaya, Olga I. Shmatova
{"title":"Practical battery boost: 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl acetate-based fluorinated electrolyte for extended life and high voltage stability","authors":"Aleksei V. Petrovichev, Irina V. Kutovaya, Olga I. Shmatova","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluchem.2025.110505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluchem.2025.110505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study assesses the performance of the fluorinated electrolyte 1 M LiPF6 TFEtAc/FEC (9:1 by vol.) relative to carbonate-based counterpart in Graphite||NMC811 lithium-ion cells under elevated cutoff voltages of 4.4 V and 4.5 V. The investigation explores how varying cycling protocols improve overall efficiency at increased active material loadings. Experimental results from 0.4 Ah pouch cells show that the TFEtAc-based electrolyte achieves capacity retention of 79.5 % over 600 cycles within the 2.7–4.4 V potential range and 75.4 % over 300 cycles in the 2.7–4.5 V range, accompanied by quantitative Coulombic efficiency.D OI: 10. 1016/j.jf luchem</div></div>","PeriodicalId":357,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluorine Chemistry","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 110505"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145517583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristian R. Andriolli, Ariadne G.L.P. Gonçalves, Paola A. Mello, Erico M.M. Flores, Rochele S. Picoloto
{"title":"Potentiometric determination of fluoride in animal feed after microwave-induced combustion: A simple, efficient, and accurate approach","authors":"Cristian R. Andriolli, Ariadne G.L.P. Gonçalves, Paola A. Mello, Erico M.M. Flores, Rochele S. Picoloto","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluchem.2025.110502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluchem.2025.110502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A simple and accurate method for animal feed digestion using microwave-induced combustion (MIC) followed by fluoride determination by potentiometry with an ion-selective electrode is proposed as an alternative to the AOAC official method (no. 975.08). For the MIC method, only oxygen (20 bar) and a few microliters of NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> solution (6 mol <span>l</span><sup>-1</sup>) were used for the digestion of animal feed (500 mg). Fluoride was recovered in a diluted NH<sub>4</sub>OH solution (100 mmol <span>l</span><sup>-1</sup>). The accuracy of the MIC and AOAC methods was verified using a standard reference material of oyster tissue (NIST 1566a). Utilizing MIC for sample preparation showed good agreement (close to 100 %), whereas the AOAC method yielded inaccurate results (around 30 % agreement). Recovery experiments demonstrated 95 and 35 % for the MIC and AOAC methods, respectively. Consequently, the combination of MIC and potentiometry is considered a viable alternative to the AOAC method for fluoride determination in animal feed. The detection and quantification limits were low, at 0.5 and 1.6 µg g<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Finally, the MIC method presented several advantages over the AOAC method, including high digestion efficiency, reduced risk of contamination, and prevention of fluorine loss. Additionally, MIC required minimal reagent use, resulting in lower laboratory waste generation, aligning with trends in Green Analytical Chemistry practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":357,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluorine Chemistry","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 110502"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145517582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Norman Lu , Vinay Belur Lokesh , Ka Long Chan , Gurumallappa Gurumallappa , Pin-Xiang Zeng , Dongge Zheng , Kazuhiro Nawa , Taku J. Sato
{"title":"Synthetic, structural and magnetic studies of a fluorinated chloro-bridged Cu(II) dimeric complex, [((C2F5CH2OCH2)2py)CuCl2]2, with unusual non–covalent interactions","authors":"Norman Lu , Vinay Belur Lokesh , Ka Long Chan , Gurumallappa Gurumallappa , Pin-Xiang Zeng , Dongge Zheng , Kazuhiro Nawa , Taku J. Sato","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluchem.2025.110501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluchem.2025.110501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Driven by the structural versatility and magnetic tunability of Cu(II) complexes and the unique supramolecular properties of fluorinated ligands, we report the synthesis and structural characterization of a novel fluorinated CuCl<sub>2</sub> dimer complex [((C<sub>2</sub>F<sub>5</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OCH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>py)CuCl<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub> [or abbreviated as [(5F-CuCl<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]. Its single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals a centrosymmetric dimeric structure with distorted square–pyramidal Cu(II) centers bridged by chloride ligands. The fluorinated complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1, with each Cu(II) adopting a τ = 0.15 geometry. Its structural analysis reveals a network of rare non–covalent interactions including C–H···F, C–H⋯Cl (–Cu) blue-shifting hydrogen bonds (HBs), sp<sup>3</sup> C–F⋯F–C halogen bonds etc. stabilize the crystal lattice. Hirshfeld surface analysis and fingerprint plots further affirm the significance of these interactions in stabilizing its lattice. The observed C–H⋯X and C–F⋯F–C motifs, rarely reported for sp<sup>3</sup>-hybridized fluorine systems, demonstrate the capability of fluorine to modulate coordination environments and induce unique assembly patterns. Furthermore, the magnetic susceptibility of (5F-CuCl<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub> dimer has been measured. Additionally, the Bent’s rule has also used to explain the C–C and C–O bond length changes. These findings are believed to enrich our understanding of fluorine-driven supramolecular chemistry, application of fluorinated complex and offer new design principles for the fluorinated pincer-like metal complexes with the short-chains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":357,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluorine Chemistry","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 110501"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145464754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Difluoromethylation of N-heterocyclic biomolecules","authors":"Sandeep Kumawat, Chitrarekha Dewangan, Kallakuri Leela Manikya Naga Siva Jyothi, Km Sadhana, Kishore Natte","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluchem.2025.110499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluchem.2025.110499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report a mild and versatile protocol for <em>N</em>- and <em>O</em>-difluoromethylation of diverse <em>N</em>-heterocycles using BrCF₂CO₂H and K₂CO₃ in DMF. This operationally simple method exhibits broad substrate scope and is compatible with structurally complex, drug-relevant molecules. The strategy offers a practical platform for late-stage difluoromethylation, expanding the synthetic toolbox for medicinal chemistry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":357,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluorine Chemistry","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 110499"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Long-Tai Qi , Lei Ma , Zhi-Xiang Xing , Ye-Cheng Liu , Wan-Zheng Lu , Han Han , Tian-Yu Zhou , Yao Wu
{"title":"Preparation and characterization of PAPP@MF microcapsules for enhancing the safety of PVDF","authors":"Long-Tai Qi , Lei Ma , Zhi-Xiang Xing , Ye-Cheng Liu , Wan-Zheng Lu , Han Han , Tian-Yu Zhou , Yao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluchem.2025.110504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluchem.2025.110504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The flammability of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) poses significant fire safety hazards, limiting its applications. A common solution involves adding flame retardants, which often compromises the material's mechanical properties due to poor interfacial compatibility between the additives and the polymer matrix. To address this challenge, this study prepared a novel core-shell flame retardant, PAPP@MF, by encapsulating piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP) with a melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin via an in-situ polymerization method. Benefiting from the bridging effect of the core-shell structure, the compatibility between the flame retardant and the PVDF matrix was significantly improved. Consequently, the tensile strength of the PAPP@MF/PVDF composite increased by 35.4 % compared to that of the composite with untreated PAPP. Concurrently, the flame-retardant performance was substantially enhanced. Microscale Combustion Calorimetry (MCC) tests confirmed this, revealing a drastic 85.2 % reduction in Total Heat Release (Total HR). With 3.0 wt% PAPP@MF, the Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) also increased from 20.5 % to 29.5 %. Furthermore, the synergistic flame-retardant mechanism was investigated. This work provides a new and effective approach to resolving the inherent conflict between flame retardancy and mechanical properties in polymer composites, offering new insights and references for the development of safer, high-performance fluoropolymer materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":357,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluorine Chemistry","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 110504"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145464219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanbo Yu , Anil Kumar Soda , Christopher Bognar , Gregory G. Gaehle , Stephen M. Moerlein , Michael L. Nickels , Jagan Rajamoni , Joel S. Perlmutter , Zhude Tu
{"title":"Absolute configuration and an improved automated cGMP production of a clinically promising radiotracer for imaging VAChT","authors":"Yanbo Yu , Anil Kumar Soda , Christopher Bognar , Gregory G. Gaehle , Stephen M. Moerlein , Michael L. Nickels , Jagan Rajamoni , Joel S. Perlmutter , Zhude Tu","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluchem.2025.110506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluchem.2025.110506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), primarily located in presynaptic cholinergic nerve terminals, serves as a key target in neuroimaging studies and neuropathological assessments to quantify cholinergic neuron decline. [<sup>18</sup>F]VAT has been demonstrated as a selective and specific radiotracer to quantify VAChT expression in the brains of patients with neurological diseases. Herein, we report the absolute configuration of the chemical structure and development of a straightforward cGMP protocol to produce[<sup>18</sup>F]VAT for clinical use. The absolute configuration was unambiguously determined by X-ray crystallography of the VAT phenolic analogue, establishing its (<em>2R,3R</em>) stereochemistry for the first time. The radiotracer production was successfully accomplished using a simple one-pot and one-step approach under cGMP conditions, achieving an average radiochemical yield of 16.9% ± 1.8% (decay-corrected to the end of synthesis), a molar activity of 61.9 ± 19.6% GBq /μmol, with a total synthesis time of approximately 60 min (<em>n</em> = 3). The final product met all established quality control criteria for human use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":357,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluorine Chemistry","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 110506"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145569208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Feasibility of on-demand fluorine generation using cold atmospheric plasma from benign precursor: An optical emission spectroscopy study","authors":"Rajib Kar , Vishakha Bende , Vanita Sekar , R.L. Bhardwaj , J.P. Nilaya , M.L. Mascarenhas","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluchem.2025.110500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluchem.2025.110500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluorine gas (F₂) is indispensable in industries ranging from fluoropolymer synthesis to semiconductor fabrication, but its high toxicity, extreme reactivity, and storage hazards limit its applicability. On-demand in situ production could eliminate the need for bulk storage and transport. Here, we demonstrate fluorine generation from CF₄ using a Tesla coil–based 2 MHz cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) device. Plasma was generated with Ar (Case I), Ar + CF₄ (Case II), and Ar + CF₄ + <em>O</em>₂ (Case III). Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and direct gas sensing used to detect species. Adding O₂ increased F₂ emission while reducing CF, CF₂, and C₂ bands, and simultaneously decreased stainless steel electrode erosion. The oxygen effect is attributed to carbon scavenging and oxide film formation, enhancing F₂ yield while protecting electrodes. These findings establish the feasibility of plasma-based, switch-on/switch-off fluorine production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":357,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluorine Chemistry","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 110500"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145374605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}