Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa最新文献

{"title":"[Forensic medical support in the aftermath of an airplane crash in the Amur region on July 24, 2025].","authors":"I Yu Makarov, A N Popov, A V Musatov, L A Shmarov, A L Kochoyan","doi":"10.17116/sudmed2026690315","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed2026690315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article summarizes the experience of forensic medical specialists involved in the response to the aftermath of an airplane crash that occurred in July 2025 in the Amur Region. The main stages of interaction and coordination between the Investigative Committee, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, and forensic medical experts are presented. The paper describes both the work performed at the crash site and the subsequent examination of the victims at the Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 3","pages":"5-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147989476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[125th anniversary of the Department of Forensic Medicine and Law, Pavlov first Saint Petersburg state medical university].","authors":"V L Popov, D A Efimov, A S Mosoian, M S Filippova, E V Belen'kaya","doi":"10.17116/sudmed2026690415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed2026690415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Department of Forensic Medicine and Law at the First Saint Petersburg State Medical University named after Academician I.P. Pavlov was founded in 1901. Throughout its existence, the department has never interrupted its educational process, including its work during the siege of Leningrad. The history of the department is illustrated by the contributions of its leaders over a period of more than 100 years. The status and prospects of the department's work are briefly outlined.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 4","pages":"5-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148680220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Cameriere's European formula for age estimation: A study on the children in the Russian population].","authors":"M P Poletaeva, A N Gerasimov, A E Sigalova, Yu I Pigolkin, G V Zolotenkova","doi":"10.17116/sudmed2026690515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed2026690515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Determining the age of minors (children and adolescents) plays an important role in forensic medicine, justice and investigation, as it serves as the basis for making decisions on criminal and civil liability, forms an objective basis for the legal qualification of acts and determining the scope of legal capacity. Among all the existing methods of estimating the age of a living person, dental methods have become the most popular all over the world, as the most objective and least expensive. To assess dental age, an assessment of their development on radiographs is most often used, and the most popular method is the method of measuring the open tops of teeth (Cameriere).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To verify the accuracy of the assessment of dental age according to the European Cameriere formula in a sample of Russian children. The method of determining dental age is based on the relationship between age and the size of the exposed tips of the roots of the teeth.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Orthopantomograms from 300 children (146 boys and 154 girls) aged 5 to 15 years were analyzed. Seven left mandibular teeth were evaluated: the number of teeth with fully developed roots in this quadrant (with closed tips) was calculated, and in teeth with incomplete root development, the distance between the inner sides of the open apex was measured, which were later normalized by dividing by another metric indicator - tooth length.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>The Pearson correlation coefficients between age and the metric variables of teeth showed a significant negative relationship, while the variables sex and the number of teeth with the apical end of the root canals completely closed (<i>N</i>₀) showed a significant positive correlation with chronological age. The use of the European Cameriere formula revealed an underestimation of the average age in the study sample for boys by 0.68 and for girls by 0.6 years, and the overall average forecasting error was 0.63 years. The error value varied and depended on the age group and gender: with increasing age and the number of teeth with closed apices, the error value increased. Statistical analysis showed that the selected morphological variables explain more than 65% of the variations in determining the chronological age according to the European formula. The positive results obtained provide space for improving the model and increasing the accuracy of age prediction by adapting the proposed formula to the regional characteristics of groups of children and subsequently creating a national age assessment formula for children and adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 5","pages":"5-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149040787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Variations in anatomy, skeletal anomalies, and other non-standard features in the skeletal system during forensic medical analysis of bone remains (cases studies)].","authors":"V N Zvyagin, M A Grigoryeva","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20266905138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20266905138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article showcases the use of Methodological Recommendations for Evaluating Non-Metric Skeletal Traits, developed by the Forensic Osteological Research Lab in the Forensic Identification Department of the Russian Center for Forensic Medical Expertise. These recommendations were created in 2022 and 2024. The 2022 edition focuses on anatomical variations and developmental anomalies of the postcranial skeleton, detected through visual examination and radiography. The 2024 version offers a detailed plan for assessing musculoskeletal features of long bones, accompanied by illustrative materials such as photos, drawings, and scales for evaluating relief features. Through two expert cases, the article demonstrates how these recommendations enable objective evaluation of an individual's functional characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"69 5","pages":"38-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149041037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Review of «Mathematical modeling of ethanol kinetics» monograph by G.V. Nedugov].","authors":"A P Ardashkin","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20256802161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20256802161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Main concepts of \"Mathematical modeling of ethanol kinetics\" monograph by G.V. Nedugov were analyzed in the article covering relevance, scientific and practical significance. It has been shown that comprehensive analysis of existing and proposed by the author mathematical models for assessing ethanol kinetics presented in the article is a significant contribution to the scientific and practical base of forensic medicine. The possibilities of mathematical models' effective application as a practical solution of forensic medical tasks based on objective mathematical methods were noted. Undoubtedly, the monograph is interesting not only for forensic doctors but also for other specialists of medical and biological sphere.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"68 2","pages":"61-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Forensic medical evaluation of uncomplicated compression fractures of bodies of the thoracic and lumbar parts of the spine in children].","authors":"V A Akbashev, L G Aleksandrova, A K Khusainova","doi":"10.17116/sudmed2025680315","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed2025680315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article considers compression fractures of the thoracic and lumbar parts of the spine without neurological complications in children considering age features, their diagnosis by X-ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound, as well as differential diagnosis with degenerative-dystrophic changes of different etiology. Routine X-ray is usually insufficient for forensic medical evaluation of uncomplicated compression fractures of the vertebral bodies without gross deformities, especially to decide the issue of the age of trauma. It is necessary to critically evaluate the established diagnosis and to analyze clinical and instrumental data, considering the completeness and accuracy of the studies to exclude overdiagnosis in the forensic examination of cases of compression fractures of the vertebral bodies. A case report demonstrating the use of MRI to determine the volume and age of trauma is presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"68 3","pages":"5-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144327084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A case of a driver's death from compression asphyxia outside of passenger vehicle].","authors":"R R Kidraliev, A P Kidralieva","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20256805143","DOIUrl":"10.17116/sudmed20256805143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article presents a case of a combined type of motor vehicle injury in the driver in the cab of passenger vehicle followed by falling out through the windshield and compression of the body between the overturned car and the ground surface with compression asphyxia development. In postmortem examination multiple incised wounds, scratches, bruises and contused wounds on the face, anterior surface of the chest, upper and lower extremities, hemorrhages in the soft tissues of occipital region of the head and back, closed multi-fragment fracture of the right radial bone in the lower third with displacement of fragments were found. Thus, there were no injuries of the visceral organs and other bones of the skeleton. Classic asphyctic signs and carmine pulmonary edema were also revealed in the corpse's examination. It was concluded based on the obtained data that the pressure force of the motor vehicle did not exceed the threshold of resistance of the bones and visceral organs in this case, and therefore did not lead to their damage, but it caused an obstacle for respiratory movements and led to death from compression asphyxia. Thus, the version of police investigation about circumstances of the motor vehicle accident was confirmed and the cause of death was established on the basis of a comprehensive assessment of the corpse's forensic examination results, analysis of investigative and operational information, data of the accident site inspection.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"68 5","pages":"43-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145410168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[On the forensic significance of cadaveric spots color in death from general hypothermia].","authors":"A Yu Chudakov, I A Tolmachev, V V Gaivoronskaya","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20256805132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20256805132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The forensic medical investigation of occurrence mechanisms (causes) and color spectrum of cadaveric spots in corpses of persons who were victims of general accidental hypothermia remains a relevant topic, causing many discussions in the scientific literature. Issues concerning the color, localization, degree of pronouncement and timing of cadaveric spots occurrence require careful analysis as they are important both for forensic medical practice and criminalistics and for understanding the processes developing in the human body after death. In the investigation of cadaveric spots resulting from general hypothermia, it should be considered that these spots are formed as a result of blood redistribution in tissues. This phenomenon is related to the fact that when the body temperature is lowered, there is a vasoconstriction, which contributes to the accumulation of blood in certain areas, as well as direct primary cryodestruction of erythrocytes in superficial tissues occurs. As a result of this process, spots, which can vary in color from bright red to purple depending on the degree of tissue hypoxia and conversely tissue oxygen saturation as well as time since death, are formed. According to our own observations and literature analysis, cadaveric spots in death from general hypothermia begin to occur on average 1-2 h after death coming. They become most pronounced after 6-12 h, while their maximum brightness is observed after about 24 h. The localization of cadaveric spots usually depends on the body's position and can vary: spots most commonly emerge on the back, buttocks and posterior surfaces of the extremities when laying down without changing the position. The color spectrum of cadaveric spots can change as well. Initially they may have a bright pink-red shade, which over time changes to darker tones such as purple, violet or even black, depending on the environmental impact and tissue condition. These changes may be caused by both the internal processes and influence of external factors such as ambient temperature. The study of the mechanisms of cadaveric spots formation is important for forensic medical practice, as it allows forensic medical experts to determine more accurately the time and cause of death. Understanding of how general hypothermia affects the process of thanatogenesis can help to establish legally significant facts, for example in cases involving accidents or crimes. Thus, the examination of cadaveric spots in victims of general accidental hypothermia is a complex and multifaceted process that requires careful approach and in-depth analysis. This knowledge not only contributes to a more accurate interpretation of forensic medical data, but also broadens the understanding of the pathophysiological changes that occur during cooling in the human body before death, at the time of death and after death from hypothermia.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"68 5","pages":"32-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145410292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Improvement of the organization of forensic medical expertise in emergencies through digital technologies].","authors":"I Yu Makarov, P V Glybochko, V N Gridin, M A Dymochka, S I Kolesnikov, E V Kriukov, I A Tolmachev, D A Sheptulin, S V Leonov, Yu I Pigolkin","doi":"10.17116/sudmed2025680615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed2025680615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The paper examines modern approaches to organizing forensic medical examinations in emergency situations involving mass casualties. It is noted that traditional organizational methods under such conditions are insufficiently effective, which necessitates the introduction of new organizational and methodological solutions. The feasibility of using digital technologies in forensic practice is substantiated, including automated registration and documentation systems, three-dimensional modeling, telemedicine, mobile technologies, and artificial intelligence algorithms. Examples of developed software systems and methodologies are presented, demonstrating improved efficiency of forensic medical examinations and enhanced interagency coordination. The implementation of these technologies contributes to the formation of a unified digital space for forensic medical data, optimizes expert procedures, and increases the evidential reliability of forensic conclusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"68 6","pages":"5-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145811427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Establishing the presence of a deformed zone of the blade point of a cutting-stitching tool by injuries to the heart].","authors":"A A Devyaterikov, A I Avdeev, I V Vlasyuk","doi":"10.17116/sudmed20256806128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20256806128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The significance of the conducted study is due to the high frequency of injuries caused by the impact of sharp objects. According to our empirical data, stab wounds to the heart account for 36% of the total number of injuries caused by stabbing and cutting instruments. The results of the study of scientific literature indicate that studies of the morphological features of stab injuries to internal organs are presented in isolated works. This study presents experimental data aimed at identifying the morphological signs of pericardial injuries caused by knives with various types of deformations in the tip area. In the course of the work, probabilities for each of the morphological signs were calculated and diagnostic coefficients were developed. The results obtained allow us to identify informative signs that have high prognostic value for determining the nature of the deformation of the tip of the traumatic object or its absence.</p>","PeriodicalId":35704,"journal":{"name":"Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertisa","volume":"68 6","pages":"28-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145811454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}