Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti最新文献

{"title":"Numerical Identification of Corrosion Indicators when Assessing the Equipment Technical Condition","authors":"N.A. Makhutov, A.P. Cherepanov, M.V. Lisanov","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-8-20-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-8-20-25","url":null,"abstract":"The method is presented in the article concerning numerical identification of corrosion and corrosion resistance of metals, which serves to determine the degree of hazard of the corrosive state of technical devices of hazardous production facilities. Currently, the causes of metal failure are determined by metallography, radiography, ultrasonic, color, magnetic particle inspection or sample testing. Risk of the development of corrosion processes, depending on the type of corrosion, the characteristics of its shape, the depth of corrosion damage and the area of the affected surfaces, is determined visually or by the instrumental detection methods. Numerical identification of the indicators of corrosion and corrosion resistance of metals, proposed in the work, is carried out taking into account the location of the corrosion process, the form of corrosion damage, the size, unevenness and depth of penetration of various types of corrosion, the degree of damage to the surface by uniform and local corrosion (spots, ulcers, pitting). At the same time, according to the initial size of surface and deep corrosion, the actual size of the corrosion wear of a structural element is determined, and according to the scheme of a typical type and characteristic of the form of corrosion damage, the type of corrosion is determined. Further, taking into account the corrosion hazard score in accordance with the scale of corrosion resistance, a numerical indicator of corrosion and corrosion resistance of the structural metal is determined. Studies showed that the numerical identification of the indicators of corrosion and corrosion resistance of metals makes it possible to match the type of corrosion and the characteristics of the form of corrosion damage with the corrosion coefficient depending on the scheme of a typical type of corrosion damage. In addition, numerical identification shows the extent of damage to the surface by uniform and localized corrosion, including spots, pitting and other types of corrosion. Thus, it is applicable to determine the degree of corrosion hazard in assessing the technical condition and establishing the service life at any stage of the life cycle of equipment in hazardous industries.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135053536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the Risk Management Methodology at the Fire Explosive Facilities of the Enterprises","authors":"E.V. Gvozdev","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-8-61-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-8-61-69","url":null,"abstract":"The article formulates a new concept for the integrated safety, clarifies the concept for the integrated safety system of explosive production facilities of the enterprises. Aggregated areas with scientific results on risk assessment in the integrated safety of production enterprises was formed. To improve safety at the enterprises under consideration, it was required to solve three problems. To solve the first problem, the current, practical results of the scientific research were analyzed both in Russia and in the foreign countries. It is concluded that the reduction of damage from the impact of hazardous events is to create a reasonable reserve designed to reduce (exclude) various risks, the rational use of the reserve based on the use of an approach developed from a new angle of view in relation to risk. When solving the second problem, the existing methods for assessing the state of the industrial and fire safety subsystems, occupational safety included in the integrated safety system of the enterprises under consideration, as well as a new direction for assessing the state of the integrated safety were presented in comparison. When solving the third problem, a formalized description of a new, different from the used model for improving and developing the integrated safety system for explosive production facilities of the enterprises is presented. The purpose of the assessment is formulated, the new methods and results of the assessment of the state of the integrated safety of these enterprises are presented. As a result, three problems were solved, on their basis the conceptual model for the development of the integrated safety system for explosive production facilities of the enterprises was formed.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135004879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specifics of Passive Fire Protection for Nuclear Power Plants","authors":"D.G. Lanin, S.G. Tsarichenko, A.A. Varlamkin, A.V. Chumachenko","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-8-47-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-8-47-54","url":null,"abstract":"Passive fire protection systems (elements) are the most preferred for use to ensure nuclear and radiation safety of the nuclear power plants in case of internal and external fires. The main passive fire protection systems (elements) of the nuclear power plants include: fire-resistant structures (walls, ceilings, columns, screens, etc.); fire-resistant sealing of penetrations (technological, electrical, ventilation, etc.); fire-resistant filling of openings in fire barriers (doors, gates, dampers, airlocks, etc.); structural fire protection; fire-resistant coatings; devices for emergency draining and self-extinguishing of flammable liquids. Among them, it is possible to distinguish both systems (elements) that perform the function only of fire protection (for example, fire-resistant coatings, fire dampers for ventilation systems), and the systems (elements) that perform other basic functions that also require fire protection (for example, building structures, sealed doors). Passive systems (elements) may simultaneously be subject to the requirements for protection against fire, other internal and external influences (flooding, flying objects, explosions, etc.), as well as the operational requirements specific to the nuclear power plants (resistance to radiation-ionizing radiation, decontaminating compositions, vibrations, high temperatures, etc.). Due to the complex nature of the requirements, a certain imperfection of the regulatory framework and processes for organizing design and construction in the nuclear industry, there is a certain shortage of products for the implementation of passive fire protection solutions that meet the necessary requirements. To solve the above problems in the field of passive fire protection of the nuclear power plants, it seems appropriate to organize work in the following areas: conducting research based on the Russian and international experience; development of the regulatory framework; improvement of the design and construction processes. The work in these areas could contribute to the early saturation of the Russian market with domestic products of passive fire protection, as a result, increase the level of safety and economic efficiency of the nuclear power plants.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135004888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the Explosion Hazard of Liquefied Natural Gas","authors":"I.A. Teterin, P.S. Kopylov, V.A. Sulimenko, S.N. Kopylov","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-8-70-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-8-70-76","url":null,"abstract":"Excess explosion pressure is one of the main indicators characterizing the explosiveness of a gas. Precise determination of the dependence of the explosion pressure on the distance allows to ensure the safe layout of production facilities with minimal economic costs. Every year, all over the world and in Russia in particular, there is an increase in energy consumption. There is a shift in the global energy system towards the large-scale use of low-carbon energy sources, which is caused by the policy of decarbonization of the fuel and energy complex as part of the fight against global warming. The advantage of operating natural gas in a liquefied state led to the development of the liquefied natural gas market in Russia, with the development of which the risk of accidents at the facilities in this segment of the economy increases. However, the existing methods do not allow calculating the explosion pressure for a mixture of low molecular weight hydrocarbons, which is liquefied natural gas. A new formula for calculating the explosion pressure is proposed considering the composition of the liquefied natural gas. The conducted studies showed the possibility of using the proposed formula to determine the parameters of the explosion of mixtures of low molecular weight hydrocarbons, in particular, liquefied natural gas. It is shown that, despite the linear dependence of the change in the maximum explosion pressure of methane on the change in the percentage of impurities of its homologues, the expected composition of the mixture components differs from that calculated according to the Le Chatelier rule, which can be taken into account in further studies. A comparative analysis of the explosion pressure according to the proposed methodology and the standard showed deviations for grades V, B, and A were 34.99; 20.45; and 2.1%, respectively, which significantly reduces the possible consequences of the explosion and creates a significant error in determining the safe distance. In order to exclude the possibility of obtaining underestimated indicators of the explosion pressure of the liquefied natural gas, it is recommended to use an adjusted methodology.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135004698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technogenic Load on Water Resources of the Coal-mining Regions","authors":"A.K. Gorelkina, E.S. Mikhaylova, I.V. Timoshchuk, L.A. Ivanova, T.A. Utrobina","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-8-26-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-8-26-32","url":null,"abstract":"The state of Kuzbass water resources is attracting more and more attention, which is associated with increasing industrial use. The risk of reducing the sanitary reliability of water bodies is due to an increase in the amount of industrial wastewater and the multicomponent nature of their composition. For Kuzbass as a coal-mining region, wastewater treatment of coal mining and processing enterprises is relevant. The data of monitoring reporting, the characteristics of the applied cleaning methods are given in the paper. The most common system of treatment facilities in coal mines, the formation of runoff and problem areas are considered. The sewage receiver is small rivers, the layers are drained by natural drainage, the drainage water is collected in sumps, then it is pumped to the settling ponds by pumps. In the settling ponds, wastewater stays for several days, which leads to the release of suspended particles. After the dam, the treated wastewater is divided into two streams: one is discharged into a reservoir, the other is sent to a storage pond to use this water in the technological process. The possibility of using filtration through artificial filter arrays with a layer consisting of a carbon sorbent at the second stage of purification was studied. The filtering carbon material based on anthracite — Purolat-Standard and coconut charcoal, the raw material for which is a natural material, are analyzed. Adsorption isotherms were used as a criterion for evaluating the adsorption capacity of materials. The sorption capacity of coconut charcoal with respect to iron ions when extracted from individual model solutions, according to the experiment, was 0.54 mg/g. The content of manganese in the solution after adsorption on coconut charcoal decreased according to the experimental data, and the adsorption value was 147 mg/g.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135005028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardization of Impulse Extinguishing Installations for Delivery of Self Foaming Gas-aerosol Foam","authors":"N. P. Kopylov, D. Fedotkin, E. Sushkina, V.I. Novikova","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-7-16-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-7-16-20","url":null,"abstract":"Pulse fire extinguishing was actively developing. There is a wide range of impulse fire extinguishing devices on the market. However, existing standards do not cover the entire class of these products. Hence there are problems with their certification. To date, two standards are approved and in force: GOST R 53291—2009 «Fire-fighting equipment. Mobile and portable fire extinguishing devices with high-speed delivery of fire extinguishing agent. General technical requirements. Test methods», and GOST R 53286—2009 «Fire-fighting equipment. Automatic powder fire-extinguishing installations. Modules. General technical requirements. Test methods». Two more standards are under development: one of them is essentially a slightly modified version of GOST R 53291—2009 — it will be given the status of interstate; the second supplements GOST R 53286—2009 and concerns installations and modules for gas-powder fire extinguishing. Impulse fire extinguishing installations with self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam are not subject to the listed standards for technical requirements and test methods. This applies primarily to the requirements for the volume of vessels used to obtain foam and displace it from there, as well as for the operating time of the pulse fire extinguishing installation, measuring the rate of exit of the fire extinguishing agent, calculating this rate according to the graph of pressure change in the vessel, etc. Therefore, for these installations a separate standard is required. In this case, in general, it is required to give clear definitions of what is meant by impulse fire extinguishing and impulse fire extinguishing installations.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42358357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experience of Implementing Training Complexes at the Gas Industry Facilities of the Territorial-Production Enterprise «Yamalneftegaz»","authors":"A. A. Kudryavtsev, I. F. Khafizov, N. Sadykov","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-7-79-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-7-79-84","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance of the development of computer simulator complexes, their advantages, disadvantages, as well as the experience of their implementation at gas industry facilities on the example of computer simulator complexes for checking emergency protection of technological facilities of the territorial production enterprise «Yamalneftegaz» are considered. Complexity of the production technologies and process control, the risks of accidents, the huge industrial and environmental risk in the management of oil and gas facilities, as well as the significant weight of operator control errors in the total number of causes of accidents determine the relevance of efficient personnel training. The use of computer simulators can significantly improve the skills of operational personnel and reduce the risks of accidents at the oil and gas sector enterprises. Simulators give operators and dispatchers the opportunity to learn in practice how to make the right decisions in emergency situations and work with modern process control systems, which in turn can significantly improve fire and industrial safety, the safety of technological equipment and even save human lives. In general, the article emphasizes the importance of using computer simulators in the training of operational personnel at oil and gas enterprises, which can help reduce the risks of accidents and increase the level of industrial safety.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42702075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problems of Optimizing Costs to Reduce the Risk of Accidents","authors":"F. S. Kovalskiy, E. Granovskiy, N. Akinin","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-7-28-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-7-28-36","url":null,"abstract":"With the development of production, the costs of investments in safety are growing, which requires the use of more efficient technologies to reduce risk. It is shown that already in the USSR in the normative legal acts they tried to take into account that safety is both a social and economic problem. The legislation of the Russian Federation implements two approaches to solving the problem of safety based on risk analysis. In accordance with the first approach, the rules are mandatory, but deviation from their requirements is allowed by a Safety Case based on a risk assessment. In the second, the rules are voluntary and the risk analysis is performed in order to justify the sufficiency of the applied safety solutions, as the absence of an unacceptable risk. The basis for comparison when establishing an acceptable risk can be the background risk created by people, the environment, property and other recipients from sources of hazard existing in the region where the hazardous production facility is located, independent of the hazardous production facility under consideration. If the risk, created by sources of hazard independent of the hazardous production facility, is higher than the risk created by the hazardous production facility itself, then further costs for its reduction do not affect the total risk of the recipient. It is shown that in this case, risk reduction decisions can be made in accordance with the ALARP principle. The purpose of applying the ALARP principle, combined with the search for new and better solutions, is to continuously identify best practices as they emerge, to ensure that they become the good practice of tomorrow. The more effective and less costly decisions made can be used to continuously improve safety standards (set of rules). In the process of quantitative risk assessment using the fault tree (FTA) and event tree (ETA), taking into account the cost of the selected safety systems and the expected damage in accordance with the ALARP principle, real optimization dependencies can be built for optimizing safety costs.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43712743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accounting for Seasonality and Navigation Routes to Ensure Rescue Operations in the Waters of the Northern Sea Route","authors":"M. N. Grigoryev","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-7-72-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-7-72-78","url":null,"abstract":"Development of the navigation in the Arctic basin in the changed geopolitical conditions is a national task, the solution of which ensures an uncomplicated, and in some cases, more economical access of the Russian products to the Asian markets. The transition to year-round navigation determines the development of new routes in the eastern sector of the Northern Sea Route, as well as the expansion of the navigation window. The condition for the development of navigation, both seasonal and year-round, is to ensure its safety. This applies both to the own navigation of ships and the ability of emergency rescue teams to provide their vessels with easy access to all the sections of shipping routes. The analysis was carried out concerning the ice classes of the existing and under construction emergency rescue fleet of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Morspassluzhba» of the ice classes Arc5, Icebreaker6 and Icebreaker7. It was concluded that in accordance with the current Rules for navigation in the waters of the Northern Sea Route they have significant restrictions on independent work. Emergency rescue vessels of the Arctic ice class Arc5 cannot conduct independent operations in the winter-spring period in the eastern sector of the Northern Sea Route in the medium type of ice conditions (in the heavy type of ice conditions, their navigation is completely prohibited), requiring icebreaking support. Ice class vessels Icebreaker6 (as well as the most powerful multifunctional emergency rescue vessel of the project IBSV02 of ice class Icebreaker7) cannot perform independent operations in case of heavy type of ice conditions. To carry out rescue operations, they will need the support of nuclear-powered icebreakers of ice class Icebreaker8 and Icebreaker9 or diesel icebreakers Icebreaker8, for which there are no restrictions on navigation in the waters of the Northern Sea Route. During the period of the most difficult navigation conditions (winter-spring period), it is proposed to place emergency rescue teams on the linear icebreakers, not only nuclear, but also diesel icebreakers of the Icebreaker8 of ice class, as well as their use as jumping helicopter platforms for conducting emergency rescue operations.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48940519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Social Responsibility of the Enterprise on the Economic Performance of Work","authors":"A. Sorokin, M.I. Daynov, E. Galkina, M. Kovtun","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-7-47-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-7-47-52","url":null,"abstract":"In 2015, the UN General Assembly defined sustainable development goals for the next fifteen years. Their achievement can be facilitated by the financing of social programs — activities aimed at improving working conditions, increasing the responsibility of producers for the negative impact on the environment. In today economic conditions, individual manufacturing enterprises are reducing funding for these areas of work. However, cost savings due to cuts in the financing of social programs inevitably leads to an increase in the number of accidents, environmental pollution, an increase in occupational injuries and morbidity of employees, deterioration of their psycho-emotional state and as a result turns into significant costs for the enterprise in the form of loss of working time, reduction in the volume of products produced, image reduction. Analysis of the implementation of social programs by various enterprises shows that stable financing of social activities contributes to a significant improvement in the economic performance of work of these enterprises.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43940189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}