Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of Methods for Calculating the Inspection Interval in the Implementation of a Risk-based Approach to the Inspection of the Process EquipmentComparison of Methods for Calculating the Inspection Interval in the Implementation of a Risk-based Approach to the Inspection of the Process Equipment","authors":"A.V. Brikov, O.V. Vertinskaya, S.I. Aleksandrovich, I.V. Klimova","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-7-21-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-7-21-27","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the problems of conducting periodic inspections of equipment. This is due to the high frequency of equipment shutdown for its technical diagnostics and examination in accordance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation, in particular the Federal norms and rules «Rules for the safe operation of process pipelines». It is noted that the inspection is an important tool for ensuring the integrity of the equipment and, as a result, the industrial safety of the facility. At the same time, it is indicated that the inspection can be implemented on the basis of one of two approaches: regulated and risk-oriented. A general description of the inspection methodology, taking into account risk factors, is presented. It is pointed out that a risk-based approach to inspections is widespread in a number of countries. Various methods of implementing this approach are given, taking into account a large number of standards. The basics of API 581 3rd Edition and S-RBI techniques used for inspections are described. The technological process of the gas condensate stabilization system of a plant for the production of liquefied natural gas is described. A process pipeline is considered as an object of the study, for which an inspection interval is determined using the API 581 3rd Edition methodology. At the first stage of determining the inspection interval according to the S-RBI methodology, the process of assessing the criticality of the failure is described. The second step describes the process of determining the confidence factor, where the focus is on the estimation of the uncertainty in predicting the corrosion rate. At the third stage, the coefficient of the inspection interval is determined based on the data on the criticality of the failure and the reliability factor. Then an example of calculating the inspection interval for the object under study is given. Based on the results obtained, a conclusion was made about the comparability of API 581 3rd Edition and S-RBI methods. Both methods have their advantages and disadvantages, but at the same time they provide optimization of the scope of inspection work while maintaining a high level of industrial safety of the facility. In order to improve production efficiency, reliability and safety of pressure equipment, and optimize inspection intervals (which will allow to reduce the financial costs of enterprises), it is advisable to apply the above practices in the Russian Federation, providing the required legal and regulatory framework.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135762904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subsea Wells Blowout Occurrence and Methods of Source Control","authors":"A. D. Dzyublo, V. E. Perekrestov, A. Belozerov","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-7-7-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-7-7-15","url":null,"abstract":"The article will be useful to the scientists and specialists in the oil and gas industry involved in the construction of offshore wells and the blowout response. The article provides a brief list of the implemented oil and gas projects on the shelf of the Russian Federation. The principle of two barriers, which must be observed throughout the entire life cycle of the well, is considered. The main reasons for the transition of kick into blowout are considered, and the most well-known cases of blowout of the offshore wells in the industry are given. According to the SINTEF Offshore Blowout database, the worldwide statistics of loss of well control from 2000 to 2015 are given. The reasons for the development of offshore fields with large-diameter wells are described, and the risk of increased complexity in controlling such wells in the event of blowout is noted. The peculiarities of subsea wells blowout are described. As is known, the blowout of a gas well is associated with the creation of a gas-water plume, which makes it difficult or completely deprives vertical access to the wellhead in shallow water during emergency rescue operations. The paper shows a model of gas-water plume in shallow water conditions, and describes the processes occurring when the gas plume floats up and its impact on ships (drilling rigs, supply vessels and etc.). An example is given related to the modeling a rising gas-water plume using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) at various sea depths and flow rates of a blowing well. The methods of well source control are considered, the current schemes for installing an capping stack at the wellhead of a subsea blowing well are described. The advantages and limitations of each well source control method are presented.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47535667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of an Occupational Disease of the Employees Using a Set of Possible Symptoms and a Line of Outcomes «Injury — Mutilation — Lethal Outcome» Using the Example of Vibration Impact","authors":"V.E. Kireev, Y. Esipov, A.V. Budovsky","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-7-66-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-7-66-71","url":null,"abstract":"Within the framework of the «factors — protection — employee» system, using the example of the action of vibration, the following line of possible outcomes «injury — mutilation — lethal outcome «was considered and tested according to the degree of hazard. As susceptibility parameters, the values taken on the basis of the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the vibration impact are proposed, which, with a known level of confidence, determine the possibility of the occurrence of outcomes in the declared line. One or more values of the frequency and amplitude of oscillations are taken as parameters of influence in a particular system. Based on the introduced parametric model and the initial data, a set of probabilities of outcomes of the declared line was calculated, with the help of which the risk of employee diseases can be predicted in a particular system or production environment. In addition, it is shown that in the resulting assessment of the probable lethal outcome, both injury and mutilation to the employee are also considered. An analysis of the effect of vibration was conducted and an assessment of its hazard was made using the probabilities of one of the adverse outcomes. It is shown that for the given impact parameters: an injury will occur with a probability of 0.7611; the onset of an occupational disease is possible with a probability of 0.8023; the lethal outcome will occur with a probability of 0.8339. Also, the logical models of the event of possible outcomes were built, considering the complex of symptoms and the line of outcomes. With a probability of 9922 %, an accident will occur, which includes three outcomes — injury (deterioration in condition), disease (disability) and lethal outcome. With a probability of 93.53 %, an occupational disease will occur, including an injury. With a probability of 50.92 % in this particular case, the lethal outcome will occur, respectively, mutilation and injury. Thus, the dependence is shown related to the frequency and amplitude of oscillations with the level of industrial injuries, the probability of mutilation or lethal outcome.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41400009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Need for Supply Vessels to Ensure Industrial and Food Safety of the Delivery of Goods along the Northern Sea Route","authors":"M. Nikishova, A.V. Dvigubskiy, А.P. Chuloshnikov, E. V. Ivanitskaya","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-7-37-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-7-37-46","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main problems of the northern delivery remains the reliability of the transport accessibility of its provision. The Northern Sea Route is one of the most promising directions for ensuring the northern delivery of goods to the territory of the Arctic and the Far East. The significance of the Northern Sea Route lies in its ability to provide a shorter and more cost-efficient way to transport goods compared to the traditional sea routes. At the same time, an important factor is the reduction of time and costs for transporting goods to the remote regions, which contributes to improving the economic availability of food and increasing food safety. Nevertheless, at present a number of the problems are available, which are associated with the use of the Northern Sea Route for the northern delivery of goods. One of them is the availability of the required capacities to ensure transportation. Forecasting the required number of supply vessels to ensure the reliability of the northern delivery contributes to the development of solutions aimed at ensuring food and food safety in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and the Far East. The results of a study are presented concerning the existing base of vessels that provide northern delivery, as well as objective factors that complicate the process of carrying out this set of measures. It is proposed to solve the problem of ensuring economic and food safety by building the required fleet to compensate for departing ships and increasing the volume of traffic that could be sent along the Northern Sea Route. Thus, the availability of a fleet for the northern delivery using the waters of the Northern Sea Route is directly related to the availability of the corresponding fleet of the Russian Federation as a whole. An assessment was made of the need for vessels to carry out the northern delivery, a forecast was made and the volume of demand for supply vessels until 2030 was identified.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46942335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Changes of Safe Distances in Case of Violations of the Gas Pipeline Testing Regulations","authors":"Yu.V. Gamera, Y. Petrova, I.G. Volynets, A. B. Dokutovich","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-7-53-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-7-53-59","url":null,"abstract":"Accidents occurring during the process of gas pipelines testing are characterized by the impossibility of the occurrence of thermal radiation of jet flames and fire in the pit-damaging factors dominating the operation stage of the facility. In addition, what is happening cannot be accompanied by the baric effect of chemical explosions. However, taking into account the significant increase in pressure in the gas pipeline during pneumatic tests, such damaging factors of the accident as the scattering of fragments, the pressure effect of a high-speed jet and the baric effect of the primary shock wave are amplified. The issue of ensuring the safety of personnel present near the test site becomes relevant. As a result, the need occurs to determine precisely the safe distances to the gas pipeline. Protective zones for the population are also established based on the identified safe distances. Within the framework of the risk-oriented approach, the procedure for determining safe distances is reduced to calculating the distances at which damaging factors lose their damaging properties. When assigning protective zones, it is required to consider the possibility of changing the indicator under consideration, due to probable errors of personnel in the preparation and conduct of tests. Even non-critical miscalculations can significantly affect the determination of a safe distance. The article presents an assessment of the relative values of safe distances, taking into account possible violations of the regulations regarding backfilling and filling with water or air, during hydraulic or pneumatic tests of gas pipelines. Relative values of safe distances are also established in terms of the scattering of fragments and the impact of an air shock wave of a physical explosion on people and building objects.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44552332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updating Safety Guides in the Field of Accident Risk Assessment at the Production Facilities","authors":"M. V. Lisanov, A. Agapov, S. Zainetdinov, S. I. Sumskoy, A. S. Sofyin","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-7-85-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-7-85-92","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in the legislation in the field of industrial safety, as well as the experience of declaring industrial safety, developing safety cases for hazardous production facilities and other work related to risk analysis (assessment), required introduction of changes to the set of Rostechnadzor safety guidelines, most of which were developed in the period of 2013–2018. For this purpose, in agreement with Rosteсhnadzor, the specialists from the Group of Companies «Industrial Safety» (STC IS), STC «Industrial Safety» CJSC, ANO «Industrial Risk Research Agency», Fund of James Bruce) on a voluntary basis in the period of 2020–2022 prepared and sent to Rostechnadzor the drafts of amendments of 13 safety guides, which are currently approved. The article presents a classification of the above safety guides by content and considers a set of methods for accident risk analyses. The changes are presented in these guides related to the legal requirements for terminology, the need to make the set of safety guides more systematic. The algorithms for calculating risk indicators and affected areas were refined, the most significant of which can be distinguished: taking into account the variable clutter at the location of the fuel-air mixtures cloud, proceeding from the modern ideas about the assessment of the explosion consequences; including in the calculation of explosion parameters a model of computational gas dynamics, as well as the model designed for numerical simulation in the ejection of the jet section of the flow; actualization of the parametric models for calculating the effects of shock wave propagation in a physical explosion. The main directions are proposed concerning further improvement of the methodological support of risk analysis at the hazardous production facilities.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68797242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimization of the Danger of Metallized Mine Drains","authors":"V. Golik, Y. Razorenov, A. Belodedov, S. O. Versilov","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-7-60-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-7-60-65","url":null,"abstract":"Increase in ore production volumes and the use of large-sized equipment contribute to the loss of ores during mining, which gives rise to the phenomenon of natural leaching. On the example of deposits of the Sadon ore cluster, the hazard of metallized mine effluents for living matter and humans is shown. Of the relatively young methods of mine water purification, the most promising is the combination of electrochemical softening of mine effluents with electrodialysis desalination and concentration. The improvement of environmental protection technologies is developing on the basis of the managed disposal of mining and processing waste as a generator of natural leaching. The results are presented related to the experimental study of the parameters of metals extraction from the mine effluents by electrodialysis desalination with simultaneous concentration. The mechanism is formulated related to the development of oxidative processes of sulfide minerals in the presence of carbon dioxide of the mine atmosphere with the occurrence of electrochemical bonds between the crystals and mineral grains. The process of electromembrane treatment of metal-containing wastes is detailed. It is shown that during the electrochemical decomposition of salt systems, associated commercial products are formed. The dynamics of pollution of the Ardon river washing the Sadon deposit is given. The chemical processes of leaching of lost ores are described. An installation for electrochemical wastewater treatment is recommended, and a quantitative assessment of its efficiency is given. It is noted that the processes of electrochemical wastewater treatment are adequate, described by linear graphs and subject to correction. It is shown that the drains of mines are hazardous for living matter. It is indicated that the improvement of environmental protection technologies will be developed in the direction of waste disposal of mining and processing. The general principle of mine water hazard reduction is a combination of electrochemical softening with electrodialysis desalination and concentration.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46015035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Method for Ventilating the Mining Sites of Potash Mines in Verkhnekamye Ensuring Safety in the Event of an Emergency","authors":"A. Nikolaev, P. Maksimov, A. Zemskov, S.A. Kuimov","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-44-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-44-50","url":null,"abstract":"The potash mines of the Verkhnekamsk potassium-magnesium salt deposit have low aerodynamic resistance, and therefore many factors influence the air distribution between the mine workings of the mining sites. Some of such significant factors are: the magnitude and direction of the natural draft that occurs between the mine workings due to the difference in air densities in them. The density of air also changes when the temperature changes and when it is mixed with other gases of a different density. When the air is heated, which can be caused by the operation of mining equipment, as well as when an air-gas mixture enters the air (methane is the most common gas in the potash mines of the Verkhnekamsk potassium-magnesium salt deposit), it becomes lighter. In this regard, in the inclined workings, it tends to rise up. In the existing ventilation methods, such a phenomenon has a positive effect in blocks and panels located along the rise of the formation, and a negative effect, when natural drafts prevent ventilation in the production areas located along the dip of the formation. In this regard, it was proposed to change the method of ventilation of mining areas located along the dip of the formation. In the event of a fire in a conveyor mine working, which is the most common fire hazard emergency, due to air heating, natural draughts will begin to play a dominant role in the distribution of air and the spread of flue gases. The article presents the proposed method of ventilation of the mining area of the Verkhnekamsk potassium-magnesium salt deposit of the potash mine, which will allow to efficiently carry out ventilation in the normal mode and prevent the ingress of flue gases into the working area in the event of a fire in the conveyor mine working. This effect is achieved through the positive use of emerging natural drafts and insulating devices (quickly assembled ventilation stoppings). The calculation presented in the article, performed in the «Aeroset» software package, confirmed the assumptions about the efficiency of the proposed solutions.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48393963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Assessment and Justification of Measures to Ensure the Safety and Sustainability of the Functioning of Critical Elements of Hydraulic Structures","authors":"V. Sednev, S. Kopnyshev, R. Klyuev","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-73-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-73-80","url":null,"abstract":"The most important scientific and practical task is the design and creation of safe, reliable, and durable hydraulic structures, which during operation can be subjected to various external influences. It is especially difficult to predict dynamic loads resulting from the unauthorized activities of third parties. Such incidents can interfere with the functioning of structures, lead to their destruction and, as a result, to catastrophic consequences for the economy, the environment, and the population. The results are considered related to the experimental studies of the penetrating action of small arms bullets into various materials. The studies were conducted for verifying the reliability of the results of a theoretical assessment of the penetrating effect of bullets. The possibility was considered related to the manufacturing protective screens in the field conditions, which guarantees non-penetration of critical elements of hydraulic structures by a bullet. As the main striking element, a bullet of a rifle cartridge 7,62×54R is considered. Experimental studies included a series of experiments with different targets. The number of shots on one target did not exceed 27, while the absence of through holes made it possible to speak of a 90 % confidence probability of non-penetration of the tested protective structure. Results of the experimental study showed that to ensure impenetrability, it is sufficient to use steel 2–3 mm thick, wood (pine) 18 mm or 250 mm of sand. In theoretical calculations, these values are obtained by 20–25 % more. Perhaps such discrepancies are due to the fact that the indenter in the model is represented by an absolutely solid body, while the bullets with a deformable steel core were used in the experiments. The algorithm proposed by the authors allows to choose a rational composition of the protective structure.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45563488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis and Assessment of Fire and Explosion Safety of a Block-Modular Boiler House Using an Alternative Coolant","authors":"Y. Bulygin, I. Loskutnikova, A. V. Budovskiy, V.P. Greshnova, V. V. Chernikov","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-7-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-7-16","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, boiler installations, in which high-temperature mineral or synthetic oil is used as a coolant, are an alternative to industrial steam boilers with superheated steam as a source of process heat. The advantages of the technological and economic nature of the introduction of block-modular boilers into the energy industry with the use of alternative working bodies should be combined with the solution of issues of ensuring their safe operation. The article ranks technological advantages, as well as hazards by the type of coolant used in the thermal oil, steam, and hot water boilers. Difficulties in calculating the category of boiler room premises for explosion and fire hazards are associated with the lack of reliable data on the physico-chemical properties of diathermic oil. Calculations of the most important characteristics influencing the choice of the category of premises for explosion and fire hazard are presented, the factors influencing the fire and explosion safety of the boiler house by oil are identified. It is shown that the safety level of a thermal oil block-modular gas boiler house, tested for emergency oil spills, corresponds to the fire and explosion hazard category B or B3. Calculation of the category of the room of the thermal oil boiler room for explosion and fire hazard in case of emergency gas leaks showed that the boiler room should be attributed to the most hazardous category of explosion and fire A. When calculating the explosion and fire hazard category of the thermal oil gas boiler room, it is determined by gas.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46676880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}