Archive of Oncology最新文献

{"title":"A review of the fertility sparing approach to endometrial cancer: Current recommendations","authors":"A. Papadopoulos","doi":"10.2298/AOO1304168P","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/AOO1304168P","url":null,"abstract":"© 2013, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica Endometrial cancer is the most common cancer of the female genital tract; with 20%-25% diagnosed pre-menopausally, the median age in this group of patients is 40 yrs (range 31-45 yrs) (1). However future fertility is an issue for these young patients as many as 61%-79% are nulliparous compared to 24% in the older group (1). In women with early stage endometrial cancer the standard surgical treatment of total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAHBSO) and possible lymph node assessment is often not acceptable. The conservative fertility retaining option is often only possible in a select group of early stage cases, and in these cases the risks are something that needs to be carefully weighed. The low risk group of grade 1 endometrioid adenocarcinoma confined to the endometrium without lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) or disease outside the uterus are those who may be candidates for conservative treatment. Since these patients do not undergo the usual surgical staging procedure they need to be carefully evaluated. Indeed as survival in these group approaches 95% and above it can be difficult to contemplate the risk associated option of conservative management. However it is not uncommon for women to come to clinic and request this line of management. It is important that several factors are assessed before contemplating the conservative option. Pre-treatment investigation must include a hysteroscopy and biopsy and contrast MRI. The biopsy will give information regarding cell type i.e. endometrioid adenocarcinoma, grade 1 and may exclude the presence of LVSI and may also detect myometrial invasion. The contrast-enhanced MRI is used to assess the primary tumour and exclude myometrial invasion. In addition it can be used to exclude cervical or extra uterine disease including lymph nodal involvement. This group of patients with grade 1 cancer and no myometrial invasion (i.e. presumed IA) will have a risk of lymph nodal disease of approximately 3%-5% (2). Some clinicians have advocated a laparoscopy with concurrent peritoneal washings and a preoperative CA125. Others recommend a PET scan for evaluation at distant sites but microscopic disease will not be detected. The continual evaluation of the sentinel node procedure may be relevant in these early cases to evaluate and exclude lymph node involvement. Finally, the case should be evaluated in a multi-disciplinary team setting, the options discussed and a treatment plan reached (see Table 1 for prerequisites). All other cases other than grade 1, endometrioid adenocarcinoma without apparent LVSI, myometrial, cervical or extrauterine disease should be offered standard treatment involving surgery including TAH BSO, pertioneal washes and possibly lymph nodal harvest (pelvic with/without para-aortic nodes). Table 1. Pre-treatment factors that need to be met prior to conservative management • Age less than 45 years and wishes fertility, ","PeriodicalId":35645,"journal":{"name":"Archive of Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68402212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal oncology: Diagnostics and management","authors":"D. Dobanovacki, N. Vuckovic, S. Marinković, J. Kolarovic, S. Bukarica","doi":"10.2298/AOO1304125D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/AOO1304125D","url":null,"abstract":"Tumors are rarely diagnosed in newborns. Natural history of such tumors, their type, and response to treatment differ from those seen in older children. The etiology is still unclear. In this paper, a retrospective study is presented of diagnostics and management of neonatal tumors from 2008 to 2012. Out of 518 neonatal admissions in that period, tumors were diagnosed in 15 patients (2.8%), in only 3 of them (20.0%) prenatally. The diagnosed tumors were teratomas (4), retroperitoneal (4), and liver tumors (7). Ten of them (66.6%) had a natural history of benign tumors. Complete surgical excision was the treatment of choice in 10 (66.6%) cases and there was no need for adjuvant chemotherapy.","PeriodicalId":35645,"journal":{"name":"Archive of Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68402373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative evaluation of uterine isthmus-cervical infiltration in patient with cervical cancer using nuclear magnetic resonance","authors":"A. Mandić, T. Vujkov, N. Prvulovic, B. Gutic, S. Knežević-Ušaj","doi":"10.2298/aoo1304087m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/aoo1304087m","url":null,"abstract":"www.onk.ns.ac.rs/Archive Vol 21, No. 3-4, December 2013 INTRODUCTION Cervical carcinoma represents one of the major problems in developing countries where the cervical population-screening program is still not developed (1). Approximately 45% of surgically treated stage IB cancers occur in women under the age of 40 years (2). However, in developed countries, screening enables the detection of cancer in its early phase, which suggests a new approach in comprehension and surgical treatment of early invasive cervical carcinoma. Radical trachelectomy is a surgical method, together with the pelvic lymphadenectomy, for treating invasive forms of cervical carcinoma in its early stage in women who are in their fertile ages and who want to keep their reproductive function (3-8). The general eligibility criteria for radical trachelectomy include the following: women less than 40 years of age who have a strong desire to preserve fertility, no clinical evidence of impaired fertility, lesion size less than 2 cm, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages IA –IB-1, no involvement of the upper endocervical canal, and negative regional lymph nodes (9). The absence of metastatic disease in lymph nodes and parametrial involvement allow continuation of the procedure. Another crucial point of the procedure is the level where the cervix has to be incised. In the preservation of uterine corpus in fertility-sparing surgery, the most important factor is the absence of internal uterine ostium or uterine corpus tumor infiltration (10). When computed tomography (CT) and NMR are compared, NMR is signifycantly more accurate in the evaluation of tumor volume, local tumor stage, and parametrial invasion due to its distinctive tissue contrast and multiplanar capability (11). Cervical tumor is best shown in T2W sequence, which gives the most evident difference between normal structures in the body and cervix of the uterus. The same sequence is determined by the integrity of the stromal ring and its deficiency is explained by the penetration of the tumor to the parametrium. The aim was to evaluate the accuracy of NMR in detection of infiltration of uterine isthmus-cervical part in cervical cancer patients without fertility preservation.","PeriodicalId":35645,"journal":{"name":"Archive of Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68402550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cutaneous metastasis as the first sign of lung cancer","authors":"M. Ðuric, Mirjana Makevic-Ðuric, Dobrica Gajic, G. Damjanović","doi":"10.2298/AOO1301020D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/AOO1301020D","url":null,"abstract":"Cutaneous metastases of lung tumors are occurring in 1-12% of cases. High prevalence of lung cancer increases the likelihood of finding these changes in clinical practice. They are usually in the form of a firm, mobile and painless nodule on the head, neck and chest, and their appearance is a sign of advanced disease. Cutaneous metastases are rarely the first sign of malignancy. A 62-year-old patient presented to her doctor a fast-growing nodule on the forehead. Extirpation of the nodule and further diagnosis showed that it was a metastasis of small cell lung cancer localized in the right lung with extensive metastases to the contralateral lung, liver and spine. Cutaneous metastases may be the first sign of malignancy or the first sign of progression of already diagnosed malignancy. A diagnosis of metastatic disease should be considered in patients with risk factors or a known cancer. The presence of a skin metastasis in a patient with a lung cancer indicates poor prognosis.","PeriodicalId":35645,"journal":{"name":"Archive of Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2298/AOO1301020D","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68401718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of indirect exposure to chlorine pesticides on nuclear anomalies in exfoliated buccal cells","authors":"A. Nersesyan, G. Parsadanyan, G. Zalinyan, N. Chobanyan","doi":"10.2298/AOO1304115N","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/AOO1304115N","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35645,"journal":{"name":"Archive of Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68402232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights of potential G-quadruplex sequences in telomeres and proto-oncogenes","authors":"R. Bhadane, Rupali R. Bhadane, D. Meshram","doi":"10.2298/AOO1304118B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/AOO1304118B","url":null,"abstract":"www.onk.ns.ac.rs/Archive Vol 21, No. 3-4, December 2013 INTRODUCTION The earliest research in the antineoplastic drug discovery was related to suppressing the synthesis and function of DNA. Today, a variety of other targets is under intensive investigation and they will provide oncologist with significant new approaches of therapy. Some of these approaches are inhibition of protease involved in metastasis, angiogenesis inhibitors, antisense technology, and G-quadruplexes. G-quadruplexes are generally formed in DNA and RNA sequences containing repeated G-G-G-G called as G-tetrad. G-quadruplexes formed from planar stacking of hoogsteen bonded G-tetrads (1, 2) folded from a single G-rich sequence by intraor inter-molecular association of 2 to 4 separate strands (3, 4). The core of G-quadruplexes are formed by the stacking of several G-tetrads and joined together by sugar phosphate backbone. The binding energy for this process arises from three main factors: hydrogen bonding between the guanines in a plane, π π interaction between the guanines in adjacent planes and charge – charge interaction between partially negative oxygen of guanines and cations that typically sit in the octahedral position between the stacks (5-7). The monovalent cations such as K+ and Na+ at a physiological temperature and pH stabilize G-quadruplex by coordinating the carbonyl group of guanine at the center of G-tetrad core (5, 8). It has been estimated that there are more than 376,000 potential quadruplex sequences found in number of important biological processes (9). Intramolecular G-quadruplexes formed by single-stranded DNA are currently under intensive research due to their potential formation in telomeres and promoter sequences (10, 11). The present review reports the G-quadruplexes formed in human telomeres and proto-oncogenes.","PeriodicalId":35645,"journal":{"name":"Archive of Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68402249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oncologic superiority of extralevator abdominoperineal excision for low rectal cancer","authors":"D. Lukić, Z. Radovanovic, T. Petrovic, M. Breberina, A. Golubović, Svetlana Škorić-Jokić","doi":"10.2298/AOO1301011L","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/AOO1301011L","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rectal cancer treatment has been dramatically improved during the last two decades in terms of a lower local recurrence rate and prolonged survival. This improvement was achieved mainly due to a better surgical technique (implementation of a total mesorectal excision-TME) and neoadjuvant chemo and radio therapy. A more radical approach to abdominoperineal excision, extralevator abdominoperineal excision technique in the prone Jack- knife position, may improve the oncological outcome. The aim of this study is to show our early experience by using extralevator abdominoperineal excision. Methods: Extralevator abdominoperineal excision has been used routinely at Oncology Institute of Vojvodina since 2011. In the last 23 months, we had 11 operations. Clinical and pathological data were obtained from operative proto- cols, histopathological data and patients' medical history. Results: An audit of results showed reduced rate of intra-operative perforations and circumferential resection margin involvement. Late postoperative complications have occurred in two patients, sexual dysfunction in one and pelvic pain in the other. The follow up period is too short (min 2 months, max 23 months, median 8 months) for analysis of local recurrence.","PeriodicalId":35645,"journal":{"name":"Archive of Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2298/AOO1301011L","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68401628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicology of iodine: A mini review","authors":"A. Ilin, A. Nersesyan","doi":"10.2298/AOO1302065I","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/AOO1302065I","url":null,"abstract":"2 SUMMARY Iodine is necessary for all living organisms. Deficiency of iodine in the organism leads to various diseases (including mental) and increased rates of cancer. It is well known that one third of the world's population lived in iodine-deficient areas. At present time, the primary intervention for preventing iodine deficiency disorders worldwide is through the iodization of salt. The two most common types of fortificant used to iodize salt are potassium iodide and potassium iodate. Iodine-containing compounds are also widely used in clinical medicine as a highly effective topical antimi- crobial agent that has been used clinically in the treatment of wounds. Hence, the genetic toxicology of iodine and iodine-containing compounds is very essential topic. In this literature review are analyzed the data concerning genetic toxicology and the influence of these compounds on tumor rates in epidemiological and experimental studies.","PeriodicalId":35645,"journal":{"name":"Archive of Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2298/AOO1302065I","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68401978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and histopathological characteristics in patients with postmenopausal bleeding","authors":"A. Mandić, B. Gutic, Tatjana Kapicl-Ivkovic, Ljiljana Segedi-Mladenovic, Mihaela Mocko-Kacanski","doi":"10.2298/AOO1301005M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/AOO1301005M","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Background: Incidence of endometrial carcinoma in Vojvodina is 15-20/100 000. In 75% cases, endometrial carci- noma is diagnosed in postmenopausal period. In 90 % of patients, the first clinical sign is postmenopausal bleeding. The aim of the study was to investigate clinical and histopathological characteristics in patients with postmenopausal bleeding. Methods: The study included 122 patients with postmenopausal bleeding. All of these patients underwent gynecologi- cal examination and vaginal ultrasound. We obtained materials for histopathological analysis by fractionate explorative curettage. Once we had definitive histopathological findings, we divided patients in two groups A (endometrial carci- noma) and B (benign changes). Results: We confirmed significant statistical differences between examined group A and B, including age (64.49 compared with 58.81 years), postmenopausal period (13.67 instead 9.11 years), and length of uterine corpus (6.41 instead 5.25 cm). Conclusion: Elderly women with longer postmenopausal interval and postmenopausal bleeding had increased risk for endometrial carcinoma. Measurement of endometrial thickness by transvaginal ultrasound appeared to be insufficient parameter for differentiating the benign from the malignant changes of endometrium. Patients with endometrial car- cinoma had significantly longer corpus of uterus comparing to patients with benign changes. Body mass index was not found to be significant risk factor in development of endometrial carcinoma in the examined groups. Obesity was diagnosed in both groups, suggesting that increased body mass index is a risk factor for development of pathological changes in endometrium, which could lead to postmenopausal bleeding.","PeriodicalId":35645,"journal":{"name":"Archive of Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2298/AOO1301005M","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68402077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological data of ovarian cancer in Vojvodina and south great plain region in Hungary in 2007-2012 period: Crossbiomark IPA PROJECT HUSRB/1203/214/091","authors":"A. Mandić, L. Thurzó, D. Ninčić, M. Zivaljević, T. Dugandžija, R. Berkecz","doi":"10.2298/AOO1304097M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/AOO1304097M","url":null,"abstract":"www.onk.ns.ac.rs/Archive Vol 21, No. 3-4, December 2013 INTRODUCTION It is estimated that there are 65,697 new cases of ovarian cancer and 41,448 deaths in Europe each year (1). Ovarian cancer is among the sixth leading cancers in Vojvodina and the fifth leading cause of cancer death among female population in Vojvodina according to Cancer Registry of Vojvodina in 2010 (2). Only one fourth of women present with localized disease at diagnosis. The majority of ovarian cancer cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage of disease (FIGO stage III-IV) (3). The prognosis for survival from ovarian cancer is largely dependent upon the extent of disease at diagnosis. Approximately 15% of patients are presented with disease confined to the ovaries and after surgery, their 5-year survival is more than 90%. A 5-year survival among patients with advanced disease (FIGO stage III-IV) is less than 30% (4). The etiology of ovarian cancer is poorly understood. Early diagnostic of ovarian cancer is mandatory. Still, there is not enough sensitive diagnostic tool for early detection that can be recommended. There are numerous methods that have been tested in the preoperative identification of adnexal masses suspicious for malignancy. The results of some trials have reported the efficacy of screening of asymptomatic women with annual measurement of CA 125 and transvaginal ultrasound examination but they have failed to demonstrate a reduction in mortality (5). Risk factors for developing ovarian cancer are numerous: ages (over 50), gene mutation (BRCA 1, BRCA 2, and Lynch II syndrome), geographic variations (higher incidence in North America, and North Europe), reproductive factors (nullipara, infertility), and hormonal factors (6). The most common histopathological type of ovarian cancer is epithelial cancer and the most common histological subtype is serous carcinoma (7). The clinical symptoms of early ovarian cancer are nonspecific such as abdominal pain, bloating, changes in bowel frequency, and urinary and/or pelvic symptoms (8-10). The aim of this study was to evaluate epidemiological data of newly diagnosed ovarian cancer from Hospital Registry for Malignant Disease in Oncology Institute of Vojvodina and Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged in South Great Plain region in Hungary, in the period 2007-2012.","PeriodicalId":35645,"journal":{"name":"Archive of Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68402110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}