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Temperance, Liberalism, and Nationalism in the German and Austro-Hungarian Empires 德意志帝国与奥匈帝国的节制、自由主义与民族主义
Smashing the Liquor Machine Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190841577.003.0004
M. L. Schrad
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引用次数: 0
A Tale of Two Franceses—Temperance and Suffragism in the United States 两个法兰西的故事——美国的禁酒和妇女参政主义
Smashing the Liquor Machine Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190841577.003.0013
M. L. Schrad
{"title":"A Tale of Two Franceses—Temperance and Suffragism in the United States","authors":"M. L. Schrad","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190841577.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190841577.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 13 examines the Reconstruction Era struggle for women’s rights and African American rights through the American Equal Rights Association, and the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), especially the WCTU activism of acclaimed black writer Frances Ellen Watkins Harper. Born of the so-called Woman’s Temperance Crusade of 1873–1974, under the leadership of Frances Willard, the WCTU would become the most successful woman’s organization of all time. Willard’s Do Everything campaign expanded women’s activism, both nationally and globally. Despite racial tensions within the WCTU, temperance activism provided the main avenue of political organization for women across the Reconstruction-Era South, both black and white. By the 1890s Willard had made common cause between not just temperance, equal rights, antilynching leagues, and suffragist movements, but—as a Christian socialist—with both the domestic and international labor movement as well.","PeriodicalId":356459,"journal":{"name":"Smashing the Liquor Machine","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124723155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A People’s History of American Prohibition 《美国禁酒令的民史
Smashing the Liquor Machine Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190841577.003.0016
M. L. Schrad
{"title":"A People’s History of American Prohibition","authors":"M. L. Schrad","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190841577.003.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190841577.003.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 16 examines the predations of the parasitic Gilded Age “liquor trusts”--akin to the big railroad, steel, and financial trusts--including the United States Brewers’ Association and the Liquor Dealers’ Association, which corrupted law enforcement and government representatives. Unlike these trusts, the Anti-Saloon League (ASL) could not buy off politicians, but relied on agitation and publicity—ensuring that constituents were fully informed as to their elected representatives’ voting records on temperance. Progressive prohibitionists made common cause with good-governance “muckrakers” like Pussyfoot Johnson and Upton Sinclair. The chapter turns to the wave of state-level prohibitions, beginning with the Oklahoma’s prohibition statehood in 1907, drawing on the long-standing prohibitionism of Native Americans. From there, the “dry wave” swept the American South, where the liquor traffic was more diffused and less organized, and temperance sentiment was strong among both white and black communities.","PeriodicalId":356459,"journal":{"name":"Smashing the Liquor Machine","volume":"21 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132025905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Temperance and Self-Determination in the British Isles 不列颠群岛的节制与自决
Smashing the Liquor Machine Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190841577.003.0005
M. L. Schrad
{"title":"Temperance and Self-Determination in the British Isles","authors":"M. L. Schrad","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190841577.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190841577.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Part II of the book (Chapters 5–8) examines the British Empire, with Chapter 5 focusing on liquor and imperialism within the British Isles, where temperance movement first took hold in the periphery of Scotland and Ireland. The chapter explores the colonizer’s alcohol narrative in Ireland, used to justify the domination of Britain’s “first colony.” In the 1840s, Fr. Theobald Mathew’s wildly popular Irish temperance movement quickly fused with the cause of Irish nationalism, thanks to Daniel O’Connell. With the advent of “Maine Law” prohibitionism, everyone from John Stuart Mill to Karl Marx contributed to debates over alcohol control and prohibition. Intertwined with Irish Home Rule, British prohibitionism crested in 1895 and then gave way to Gothenburg alcohol control and pub reform, especially with World War I. Similar imperial dynamics of alco-colonization are noted in Britain’s other white settler colonies: Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.","PeriodicalId":356459,"journal":{"name":"Smashing the Liquor Machine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128804786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gandhi, Indian Nationalism, and Temperance Resistance against the Raj 甘地、印度民族主义与禁酒抵抗
Smashing the Liquor Machine Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190841577.003.0007
M. L. Schrad
{"title":"Gandhi, Indian Nationalism, and Temperance Resistance against the Raj","authors":"M. L. Schrad","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190841577.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190841577.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 7 follows Mahatma Gandhi’s embrace of prohibitionism as resistance against Britain’s “narco-military empire,” first in South Africa and then in India. Gandhi understood that the British system of imperial dominance was built upon trafficking addictive opium and alcohol, the revenues from which paid for military occupation. Nationalists Gandhi and C. Rajagopalachari adopted temperance tactics such as picketing liquor stores as part of their noncooperation activism. Their Prohibition League of India—a “social” rather than “political” organization—provided organizational safe haven for nationalists of the Indian National Congress when the British clamped down on Gandhi’s nationalist efforts. Making common cause with transnational temperance norm entrepreneurs such as “Pussyfoot” Johnson added greater legitimacy to both Indian nationalism and prohibitionism, which became utterly synonymous in Gandhi’s quest for independence.","PeriodicalId":356459,"journal":{"name":"Smashing the Liquor Machine","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123064708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Progressive Soul of American Prohibition 美国禁酒令的进步精神
Smashing the Liquor Machine Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190841577.003.0014
M. L. Schrad
{"title":"The Progressive Soul of American Prohibition","authors":"M. L. Schrad","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190841577.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190841577.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional prohibition histories make a big to-do about evangelical Christianity. But as Chapter 14 explores, the evangelism of the Progressive Era was not about Bible thumping, or otherworldly damnation. Rather the social gospel—most famously pioneered by the Baptist Walter Rauschenbusch—was about uplifting the poor and downtrodden as per Jesus’s example. Social justice meant doing right by your fellow man, not getting him addicted for profit. Rauschenbusch’s evangelism was socialism with a Christian moral compass. This chapter examines the social gospel, including Henry George’s famed “single tax” on unearned income as a way to remedy the vast inequalities of wealth and power. Neither temperance nor evangelism was antithetical to new medical-science and social-science approaches the liquor question. The chapter traces the effects of this evangelism on the antiliquor progressivism of Theodore Roosevelt in New York politics.","PeriodicalId":356459,"journal":{"name":"Smashing the Liquor Machine","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123682869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Temperance Internationale—Social Democrats against the Liquor Machine in Sweden and Belgium 禁酒国际-社会民主党反对瑞典和比利时的酒机
Smashing the Liquor Machine Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190841577.003.0003
M. L. Schrad
{"title":"The Temperance Internationale—Social Democrats against the Liquor Machine in Sweden and Belgium","authors":"M. L. Schrad","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190841577.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190841577.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 3 pivots to European social democracy and the role that the “liquor question” played in its evolution, both in Sweden and Belgium. In Sweden, the so-called Gothenburg system of disinterested management and municipal dispensary became the foremost alternative to prohibitionism. By entrusting the liquor trade to local civic leaders conducting the business on temperance principles, the profit motive was removed, and with it, the negative externalities of the unregulated liquor trade. The chapter charts the evolution of the liquor question in Sweden through the rise of social democratic leader Hjalmar Branting: from imprisoned journalist to Nobel Peace Prize winner and the first ever social democratic head of state. Similar developments are tracked in Belgium, with socialist minister Emile Vandervelde championing the downtrodden Belgian worker, while also opposing the murderous, capitalist-imperialist liquor exploitation of the Congo by its own sovereign, King Leopold II.","PeriodicalId":356459,"journal":{"name":"Smashing the Liquor Machine","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116514372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
First Peoples, First Prohibitionists 第一民族，第一禁酒主义者
Smashing the Liquor Machine Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190841577.003.0009
M. L. Schrad
{"title":"First Peoples, First Prohibitionists","authors":"M. L. Schrad","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190841577.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190841577.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Armed with a new appreciation for prohibitionism as an anti-imperialist, anti-predatory-capitalist movement for community self-determination, Part III returns us to the United States, where prohibitionism goes back to the very first colonization of North America. Indeed, America’s first prohibitionists were its first peoples: battling against the “white man’s wicked water,” through which their sovereignty was stripped, in the same way as indigenous populations in Africa, South Asia, and Australia. Chapter 9 highlights the role of Miami chief Little Turtle in urging President Thomas Jefferson to enact, in 1802, the first federal prohibition of the trafficking of liquor to native tribes, even while liquor excises had become the primary pillar of state finance of the young republic.","PeriodicalId":356459,"journal":{"name":"Smashing the Liquor Machine","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115072130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“All Great Reforms Go Together”—Temperance and Abolitionism “所有伟大的改革都相伴而行”——禁酒和废奴主义
Smashing the Liquor Machine Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190841577.003.0011
M. L. Schrad
{"title":"“All Great Reforms Go Together”—Temperance and Abolitionism","authors":"M. L. Schrad","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190841577.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190841577.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter begins with the starting point of conventional temperance narratives: Lyman Beecher’s Six Sermons on Intemperance (1826), and the American Temperance Society (ATS). Rather than being an admonishment against drinking, his sermons condemned the selling of drink, thus underscoring how the modern temperance movement always tilted against the profit motive of the liquor traffic rather than against booze itself. Understanding prohibitionism as a weapon of the weak, this chapter examines the overlooked role of black temperance at a time when abolitionism and temperance were virtually synonymous. In 1851 Maine rescinded all liquor-selling licenses, making it the first prohibition state: a move applauded by Frederick Douglass and black activists, who equated the bonds of addiction with the bonds of slavery. Even the great emancipator himself—the famously temperate Abraham Lincoln—was instrumental in passing Illinois’s “Maine Law” while a state legislator.","PeriodicalId":356459,"journal":{"name":"Smashing the Liquor Machine","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132509142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Dry Man of Europe—Ottoman Prohibition against British Domination 欧洲的干人——奥斯曼帝国对英国统治的禁令
Smashing the Liquor Machine Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190841577.003.0008
M. L. Schrad
{"title":"The Dry Man of Europe—Ottoman Prohibition against British Domination","authors":"M. L. Schrad","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190841577.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190841577.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 8 examines temperance and prohibition history within the Ottoman Empire and secular Turkey. Drinking and viticulture were widespread throughout the empire, though the trade was often in the hands of non-Muslims. The Ottoman liquor traffic even became integral to the European-run Ottoman Public Debt Administration. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was among the drunkest leaders in world history, yet Atatürk and the secular Turkish government in Ankara embraced prohibitionism as a means of denying badly needed alcohol revenues to the Christians occupying their lands—most notably the British controlling Istanbul and the Greeks around Smyrna. Turkish prohibition expanded across Anatolia, as Atatürk liberated Turkey’s occupied territories. Only in 1924, with the end of foreign occupation, was the Kemalist prohibition rescinded, and replaced with a national alcohol monopoly, in which the financial benefits of the liquor trade would accrue to the Turkish state, not to foreigners.","PeriodicalId":356459,"journal":{"name":"Smashing the Liquor Machine","volume":"3 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123542241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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