Nursing Administration Quarterly最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
The Effect of Generative Artificial Intelligence Simulation on First-Year Baccalaureate Nursing Students' Therapeutic Communication Skill. 生成式人工智能模拟对护理本科一年级学生治疗沟通技巧的影响。
Nursing Administration Quarterly Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1097/CIN.0000000000001401
Jennifer Gunberg Ross, Gail E Furman, Eleanor Latz, Sherry A Burrell
{"title":"The Effect of Generative Artificial Intelligence Simulation on First-Year Baccalaureate Nursing Students' Therapeutic Communication Skill.","authors":"Jennifer Gunberg Ross, Gail E Furman, Eleanor Latz, Sherry A Burrell","doi":"10.1097/CIN.0000000000001401","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CIN.0000000000001401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Therapeutic communication is an essential nursing skill to foster nurse-patient relationships. Prelicensure nursing students experience anxiety when communicating with patients, which can impact performance. Generative artificial intelligence is a new method of simulation that offers an opportunity for nursing students to practice therapeutic communication in a safe environment. The purposes of this study were to explore: (1) the effect of generative artificial intelligence simulation on first-year baccalaureate nursing students' therapeutic communication skill; and (2) first-year baccalaureate nursing students' perceptions of using generative artificial intelligence simulation to practice therapeutic communication. Participants in the experimental group engaged in 2 virtual generative artificial intelligence simulation scenarios focused on therapeutic communication through the SimConverse platform. Findings from this study revealed nonstatistically significant higher therapeutic communication skill among students who engaged in generative AI simulation versus those who did not. Qualitative data revealed 3 themes: (1) realism, (2) practice without pressure, and (3) feedback. Given the limited, conflicting empirical findings available related to generative AI simulation and therapeutic communication among prelicensure nursing students, additional research is needed in this area. Moreover, nursing faculty need instruction on artificial intelligence to adequately train generative artificial intelligence models for appropriate use in nursing education.</p>","PeriodicalId":35640,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Administration Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145726454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Integrating Digital Health Literacy into Undergraduate Nursing Education: A Case-based Intervention Study. 将数字健康素养融入本科护理教育:基于案例的干预研究。
Nursing Administration Quarterly Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1097/CIN.0000000000001402
Benjamin J Galatzan, Tonya Judson, Holly Earnest, Caroline Beth Littleton
{"title":"Integrating Digital Health Literacy into Undergraduate Nursing Education: A Case-based Intervention Study.","authors":"Benjamin J Galatzan, Tonya Judson, Holly Earnest, Caroline Beth Littleton","doi":"10.1097/CIN.0000000000001402","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CIN.0000000000001402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the evolving landscape of health care, digital health literacy has emerged as a core competency for nurses. This study explored the impact of a case-based learning intervention on digital health literacy, confidence, and satisfaction among undergraduate nursing students. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was implemented with 54 students enrolled in a Bachelor of Science in Nursing program. Participants were randomly assigned to a control group (without digital resource access) or an intervention group (with access to Lippincott Advisor during a clinical case study). Data were collected using preintervention and postintervention surveys assessing confidence, familiarity, satisfaction, and perceived challenges. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney U tests, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. Findings revealed that students in the intervention group reported significantly higher levels of confidence ( P < .001) and familiarity ( P = .0043) in using digital health tools compared to controls. However, no significant differences were observed in ease of use, satisfaction, or information-seeking ability. Qualitative responses highlighted persistent barriers, including navigation difficulties, limited content relevance, and technical issues such as access restrictions. Despite these challenges, many students expressed a desire for continued exposure to digital resources. The results support the integration of digital health tools into experiential learning as a strategy to enhance informatics competency and clinical reasoning. However, findings also underscore the need for repeated, structured, and faculty-supported engagement to build deeper digital fluency. Aligning with national nursing education standards, this intervention offers a promising approach to prepare students for the digital demands of modern clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":35640,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Administration Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145726409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Affective Responses, Coping, and Mental Health Outcomes: An Exploratory Needs Assessment. 情感反应、应对和心理健康结果:一项探索性需求评估。
Nursing Administration Quarterly Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000699
Marjorie Jenkins, Jennifer D Deaton, Megan Whitbeck, Kimberly Koechert, Hannah Mack
{"title":"Affective Responses, Coping, and Mental Health Outcomes: An Exploratory Needs Assessment.","authors":"Marjorie Jenkins, Jennifer D Deaton, Megan Whitbeck, Kimberly Koechert, Hannah Mack","doi":"10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000699","DOIUrl":"10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000699","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health care workers (HCWs) have shouldered the burdens during the COVID pandemic (eg, working longer hours with less community support) resulting in significant burnout, stress, anxiety, depression, direct trauma (eg, fear for own safety) and indirect trauma exposure (eg, working with trauma patients). As such, it is necessary to strengthen resilience and reduce the likelihood of burnout. This evaluation used utilization focused evaluation to understand the extent staff experience affective responses, mental health outcomes, and frequency of coping skills at this stage of the ongoing pandemic. Professional Quality of Life Scale-Health (ProQoL), Outcomes Questionnaire-30.2, and Brief COPE Scale to evaluate professional quality of life, moral distress, coping skills and mental health outcomes. Units' staff members (n = 30), comprised of nurses (80%) and nurse technicians (20%), with 1 to 25 years' experience, participated in the needs assessment (approximately 30.9% of units). Study findings revealed 59% would participate in external individual counseling services, 32% internal individual counseling, and 32% monthly support group. Moreover, 93% feel their work makes a difference and 71% report they are rarely unhappy at work. However, 96% say work sometimes exhausts them. One third of participants significantly struggle with mental health concerns reporting stress of 59% as moderate range and 32% severe range. Furthermore, 50% indicated various coping measures and 61% reported having someone to talk to about their struggles. Therapeutic services offered to nurses and medical professionals may improve staff psychological wellness, increase compassion satisfaction, and reduce burnout. Needs assessment yielded a need for coping strategies which are unique to intensive care and developed, led, and facilitated by staff, nurse champions, or small teams, with the goal to reduce \"taking home\" feelings of anxiety and for staff to \"leave work at work.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":35640,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Administration Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"106-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144838054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reducing Nurse Turnover: A Key Strategy for Lowering Patient Falls and Costs. 减少护士流动率:降低病人跌倒和成本的关键策略。
Nursing Administration Quarterly Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000709
Angela Pascale, Teresa D Welch, Todd B Smith, Nora E Warshawsky
{"title":"Reducing Nurse Turnover: A Key Strategy for Lowering Patient Falls and Costs.","authors":"Angela Pascale, Teresa D Welch, Todd B Smith, Nora E Warshawsky","doi":"10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000709","DOIUrl":"10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In hospitals, the cost to replace 1 registered nurse (RN) can be quantified by considering costs in recruitment, hiring, and onboarding processes. Though the mean replacement cost of 1 RN will vary depending on geographic location and professional specialization, some have estimated this cost at $56 000. In addition to these direct costs, high turnover also contributes to broader organizational challenges, including disrupted communication, teamwork, and patient care. These challenges can contribute to adverse quality outcomes, such as increased inpatient falls. This article examines the organizational cost of RN turnover by analyzing its relationship to inpatient fall rates as an indicator of quality care.</p>","PeriodicalId":35640,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Administration Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"119-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12994890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144718799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nurses' Perspectives on AI in Clinical Practice: Implications for Training and Workforce Development. 护士对临床实践中人工智能的看法:对培训和劳动力发展的影响。
Nursing Administration Quarterly Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000710
Monica Lansdowne, Jessica Sperling, Kay S Lytle, Deborah Allen, Thomas Merrill, Michael P Cary
{"title":"Nurses' Perspectives on AI in Clinical Practice: Implications for Training and Workforce Development.","authors":"Monica Lansdowne, Jessica Sperling, Kay S Lytle, Deborah Allen, Thomas Merrill, Michael P Cary","doi":"10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000710","DOIUrl":"10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000710","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explored nurses' perspectives on the adoption and utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) in clinical practice within a large university-affiliated health system in the southeastern United States. Through a survey enriched by open-ended questions, we captured the unique concerns and suggestions of nursing professionals regarding the deployment of AI technologies in a range of clinical settings. The majority of nurses have limited exposure to and experience with generative and predictive AI tools. In addition, they have concerns about the availability of related training opportunities, AI process integration, and ethical implications of AI implementation. There are critical workforce development needs and substantial opportunities for enhanced training to incorporate both ethical considerations and technical skills. This research illuminates the perspective and experience of nurses using AI. Specifically, it provides insights into the nursing workforce's readiness to adopt and utilize AI in clinical practice. This research also informs the integration of AI-focused curriculum and professional development for nurses. Specifically, more structured training is needed for nurses to use AI responsibly. Nurse administrators should be aware of the hesitations and concerns of this large population, as nurses are ultimately the front-line end users.</p>","PeriodicalId":35640,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Administration Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"95-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adaptive Leadership for a Disrupted Future: Promoting Resilience, Reflection, and Self-Care During Exponential Change. 颠覆未来的适应性领导:在指数变化中促进弹性、反思和自我照顾。
Nursing Administration Quarterly Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000685
Carol Huston, Gwen Sherwood
{"title":"Adaptive Leadership for a Disrupted Future: Promoting Resilience, Reflection, and Self-Care During Exponential Change.","authors":"Carol Huston, Gwen Sherwood","doi":"10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000685","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional leadership models were not designed for the degree of disruptive change healthcare systems are experiencing with the emergence of transformative technologies and global economic uncertainty. Change often leaves people and organizations bewildered, vulnerable, and fractured; guiding teams through these tumultuous challenges calls for redesigned leadership models such as adaptive leadership, which embrace change, promote resilience, and foster healthy work environments characterized by innovation and inclusivity. Adaptive leadership acknowledges the inevitability of change, views uncertainty and disruptions as catalysts for change, and fosters a culture of learning where curiosity is nurtured. This creates a sense of psychological safety where individuals feel empowered to take risks and push the boundaries of what is possible. This paper illustrates eight interconnected strategies that adaptive leaders can use to intertwine resilience, reflection, and self-care when leading individuals and teams impacted by exponential change. These strategies demonstrate how adaptive leadership encourages resilience, provides resources, and supports team members during disruptive change.</p>","PeriodicalId":35640,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Administration Quarterly","volume":"50 2","pages":"89-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147474770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Advancing Nursing Practice: Emerging Care Models, Leadership Strategies, and Workforce Sustainability. 推进护理实践:新兴护理模式,领导战略和劳动力可持续性。
Nursing Administration Quarterly Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-17 DOI: 10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000741
K T Waxman
{"title":"Advancing Nursing Practice: Emerging Care Models, Leadership Strategies, and Workforce Sustainability.","authors":"K T Waxman","doi":"10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000741","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35640,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Administration Quarterly","volume":"50 2","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147474764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nurses' Perception of Professional Peer-to-Peer Feedback: Relationship to Nurse Quality of Care, Autonomy, and Patient Safety. 护士对专业对等反馈的感知:与护士护理质量、自主性和患者安全的关系。
Nursing Administration Quarterly Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-13 DOI: 10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000725
Emma Aquino-Maneja, Peggy Kalowes, Regina Valdez, Quincyann Tsai, Janet Gichau, Maria Lourdes Ngugi, Kevin Scott Wilbur, Juli McGinnis, June Rondinelli
{"title":"Nurses' Perception of Professional Peer-to-Peer Feedback: Relationship to Nurse Quality of Care, Autonomy, and Patient Safety.","authors":"Emma Aquino-Maneja, Peggy Kalowes, Regina Valdez, Quincyann Tsai, Janet Gichau, Maria Lourdes Ngugi, Kevin Scott Wilbur, Juli McGinnis, June Rondinelli","doi":"10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clinical nurse peer-to-peer feedback is vital for patient care improvement and achieving Magnet designation, yet evidence is limited about nurses' perceptions of peer feedback related to autonomous practice, perceived quality, and patient safety. The study aims to understand inpatient clinical nurses' perception of the peer feedback process related to perceived quality of care, patient safety, and autonomy. In 2021, a descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study using an online peer feedback survey was conducted on clinical nurses across three inpatient hospitals within a Southern California integrated healthcare system. The data were analyzed using descriptive, comparative, correlational, and regression statistics. N = 457 clinical nurses voluntarily participated. Regression analysis demonstrated that nurses' comfort in giving and receiving peer feedback contributes to the following dependent variable outcomes: Autonomous practice (R2 = 0.208, F (2,452) = 60.447, p < .001); patient care quality (R2 = 0.130, F (2,453) = 32.515, p < .001); and patient safety (R2= 0.035, F (2,419) = 8.066, p < .001). The study outcomes validate the predictive value of nurses' perceived comfort in giving and receiving peer feedback on nurse autonomy, quality, and patient safety. The findings reinforce the need for healthcare leaders to strengthen organizational structures and processes supporting peer feedback.</p>","PeriodicalId":35640,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Administration Quarterly","volume":"50 2","pages":"77-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147475221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transforming Care: Nursing Research, EBP, and Innovation: Celebrating the 10-Year Anniversary of the Kaiser Permanente Scholars Academy. 转变护理:护理研究,EBP和创新:庆祝凯撒永久学者学院成立10周年。
Nursing Administration Quarterly Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-17 DOI: 10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000747
Janet Sohal, Hannah Kim, Ifeoma Nnaji
{"title":"Transforming Care: Nursing Research, EBP, and Innovation: Celebrating the 10-Year Anniversary of the Kaiser Permanente Scholars Academy.","authors":"Janet Sohal, Hannah Kim, Ifeoma Nnaji","doi":"10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000747","DOIUrl":"10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNCAL) has a long-standing commitment to advancing nursing excellence through workforce development, professional education, and the integration of Caring Science and Unitary Nursing frameworks. Building on this foundation, the organization identified the need to strengthen nurse-led research, evidence-based practice (EBP), and innovation in alignment with Magnet designation standards. Historically, nursing research infrastructure lagged behind physician-led efforts, with limited structural support, few nurse principal investigators, and minimal collaboration between research-focused PhDs and practice-focused DNPs. To address these gaps, the NCAL Research and EBP Program was launched in 2019, followed by the Research & Innovation Academy (RIA) in 2021 under the Scholars Academy. RIA was designed to institutionalize nursing research and EBP across 21 medical centers through a unified infrastructure, local, national, and regional EBP and research councils, curriculum development, mentorship pathways, and academic partnerships. Initiatives included monthly office hours, grand rounds, regional conferences, and the creation of a community of practice connecting over 300 PhD- and DNP-prepared nurses. RIA also partnered with the Institutional Review Board, Research Determination Office, and KP Libraries to streamline processes and build capacity for nurse-led scholarship. With more than 28 000 nurses in the region, these efforts have accelerated engagement in quality improvement in initiatives, research studies, and dissemination of findings. Looking forward, RIA is advancing large-scale, multi-site studies while preparing for the integration of big data and artificial intelligence in nursing research. By embedding research and EBP into the culture of every medical center, RIA positions KPNCAL to advance innovation, professional nursing excellence, and patient-centered outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":35640,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Administration Quarterly","volume":"50 2S Suppl 2","pages":"S35-S38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12994889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147515227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Decade of Transformation-Honoring the Journey of the Kaiser Permanente Scholars Academy. 转型的十年——纪念凯撒永久学者学院的历程。
Nursing Administration Quarterly Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-17 DOI: 10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000731
Rayne Soriano, Janet Sohal
{"title":"A Decade of Transformation-Honoring the Journey of the Kaiser Permanente Scholars Academy.","authors":"Rayne Soriano, Janet Sohal","doi":"10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000731","DOIUrl":"10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000731","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35640,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Administration Quarterly","volume":"50 2S Suppl 2","pages":"S1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12994896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147515275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信
小红书