{"title":"Electrochemical behaviour of metal ions in ethaline-based solutions: Impact of electrode material","authors":"Vadim L. Filippov, Alexander V. Rudnev","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2024.118761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2024.118761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have become increasingly important in material synthesis, particularly in electrodeposition processes. Ethaline – a DES composed of choline chloride and ethylene glycol – stands out due to its low viscosity compared to other DESs which is favourable for the electrodeposition process. Among the key factors influencing electrodeposition, the substrate material can also play a significant role in the electrochemical behaviour of metal ions and resulting deposit morphology at the early stages of film growth. This study investigates the electrochemical behaviour of various metal ions, including Co(II), Fe(II), Ni(II), In(III), Sn(II), Cu(I), and Cu(II), on four selected substrates (Pt, glassy carbon, Au, and Cu) in dried ethaline-based solutions. The research highlights the impact of different working electrode materials on deposition processes and examines the onset potentials for deposit dissolution, providing insights into predicting galvanic replacement reactions in the DES medium. The formation of the complexes of different composition between metal ions and ethaline components leads to the sequence of equilibrium potentials different from aqueous, non-complex electrolyte solutions. As a remarkable example, we demonstrate the occurrence of galvanic replacement reaction between Ni(II) ions and a more noble Sn substrate in ethaline. The findings underscore the importance of considering both the choice of substrate material and the speciation in ethaline-based DESs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":355,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":"974 ","pages":"Article 118761"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Voltammetric detection of chlorogenic acid by Poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene) electrodes","authors":"Wei-Li Shih, Lin-Chi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2024.118736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2024.118736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work aims at developing selective detection of chlorogenic acid (CGA), a critical phenolic acid related to the antioxidant level and taste of coffee, by a pristine poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) electrode. The electrochemical oxidation of CGA on two types of PEDOT films, electrodeposited in aqueous (water, aq-PEDOT) and non-aqueous solvents (acetonitrile, ACN-PEDOT), were systematically studied and compared. Aq-PEDOT film showed a linear response for CGA in a range from 1.5 µM to 2.5 mM and a sensitivity of 0.33 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>⋅mM; ACN-PEDOT film showed a non-linear response with residual CGA. For repeated sensing purposes, we chose aq-PEDOT for the CGA sensor demonstration. Although cross-sensitivity with gallic acid (GA) and caffeic acid (CA) at 0.35 V was observed due to the shared catechol structure, selectivity for CGA determination against vanillin (VAN), guaiacol (GUA), theobromine (THB), theophylline (THP), quinic acid (QA), and caffeine (CAF) was confirmed. The distinct sensing behavior of the PEDOT films was further investigated: aq-PEDOT had a relatively flat surface and obeyed diffusion-controlled kinetics for CGA electro-oxidation. In contrast, ACN-PEDOT had a rougher coral-like morphology and strong adsorption characteristics. The measurements in real coffee samples by aq-PEDOT were also demonstrated with the interference from CA compensated. In brief, this study proves the niches and provides in-depth electrochemical kinetics for voltammetric CGA sensing using the PEDOT films prepared in aqueous and non-aqueous environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":355,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":"974 ","pages":"Article 118736"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohmmad Khalid , Ana Maria Borges Honorato , Ximena Zarate , Shahid Zaman , Eduardo Schott , Samaneh Shahgaldi
{"title":"In situ formation of sub nanometer cobalt particle with platinum nanocrystal for high performance oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalyst","authors":"Mohmmad Khalid , Ana Maria Borges Honorato , Ximena Zarate , Shahid Zaman , Eduardo Schott , Samaneh Shahgaldi","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2024.118747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2024.118747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hitherto, platinum (Pt) is the most active electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Enhancing the performance and reducing the use of costly Pt is of great significance for the wider adoption of PEMFCs. The present research demonstrates in situ synthesized Pt nanocrystal immobilized with sub nanometer sized cobalt (Co) particles (≤ 0.3 nm) loaded on ketjenblack carbon (KB) support via a simple polyol method as a highly active ORR electrocatalyst. The as synthesized Pt<sub>4.1</sub>Co/KB catalyst featured a more positive halfwave potential of 0.925 V with a resultant of 1.8 times higher mass activity than Co free Pt/KB catalyst at 0.9 V in 0.1 M HClO<sub>4</sub> and insignificant decay in ORR performance after 30,000 potential cycles. The excellent electrocatalytic performance of Pt<sub>4.1</sub>Co/KB has also been proven in a practical H<sub>2</sub>/air fuel cell, demonstrating a maximum peak power density of 1.08 W/cm<sup>2</sup>, comparable to the standard Pt/C-TKK (47 %) catalyst. The improved ORR performance of Pt<sub>4.1</sub>Co/KB is attributed to the incorporation of sub nanometer sized Co particles, which synergistically enhance the activity and stability. Computational studies using periodic density functional theory calculations also suggest that the integration of ultrafine Co nanoparticles shifted the Pt contribution to the density of states towards higher energy levels, thereby facilitating the ORR process for the Pt<sub>4.1</sub>Co/KB catalyst. This work provides a distinctive development of an efficient and robust ORR catalyst for advancing PEMFCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":355,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":"974 ","pages":"Article 118747"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yan Li , Wenxin Li , Hongming Chen , Zijin Liu , Xue Li , Dan Zhou
{"title":"Intercalation design of layered vanadium phosphate based cathode material towards high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries","authors":"Yan Li , Wenxin Li , Hongming Chen , Zijin Liu , Xue Li , Dan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2024.118755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2024.118755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted significant attention because of high theoretical energy density, low cost, environmental friendliness and high safety. Among various cathode materials, vanadium phosphate (VOPO<sub>4</sub>) with a layered structure exhibits huge potential due to high Zn-storage capacity. However, the poor intrinsic conductivity and structural deterioration during the cycling process always result in low Zn<sup>2+</sup> diffusion coefficient and weak reversibility. Herein, a novel potassium vanadyl phosphate (KVOPO<sub>4</sub>) cathode material was designed by the intercalation of K<sup>+</sup> into the interlayer of VOPO<sub>4</sub> via a simple solvothermal reaction. Benefiting from the unique layered structure and intercalation effect, the KVOPO<sub>4</sub> electrode exhibits large discharge capacity and enhanced cycling stability (153.2 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 1 A/g after 400 cycles), and excellent rate capability (119.4 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 5.0 A/g). The electrode also suggests a pseudocapacitance controlled storage behavior with high contribution percentage of 98 % at 0.8 mV/s. Besides, ex-situ XRD and XPS were conducted to demonstrate the related phase transitions upon the Zn<sup>2+</sup> insertion/extraction process, revealing the reversible Zn-storage mechanism of the KVOPO<sub>4</sub>. This work is expected to enrich the design strategy of VOPO<sub>4</sub>-based cathode materials and pave the exploration of high-performance AZIBs towards energy storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":355,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":"974 ","pages":"Article 118755"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoxuan Ma , He Zhang , Ying Liu , Wenning Yan , Chao Chen , Kun Zhang
{"title":"MOF-derived Na3V2(PO4)3-carbon@graphene fibers for flexible fiber-shaped sodium ion battery","authors":"Xiaoxuan Ma , He Zhang , Ying Liu , Wenning Yan , Chao Chen , Kun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2024.118740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2024.118740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the growing popularity of wearable devices, fiber-shaped rechargeable batteries become increasingly important as the next-generation energy storage devices. However, the practical applications are hindered by the limitation of sluggish kinetics of the Na<sup>+</sup> transport and poor conductivity. Herein, a novel composite fiber was designed and fabricated as a cathode material for fiber-shaped Na-ion batteries (SIBs). The unique architecture on the fiber surface has three-dimensional porous structure, numerous channels for Na<sup>+</sup> and electron transport, that facilitates electrolyte infiltration and strain-relaxed substructure. Na<sub>3</sub>V<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles are uniformly incorporated into carbon matrix. The as-prepared fiber shows improved conductivity, accelerated Na<sup>+</sup> diffusion kinetics and enhanced mechanical properties. The resulting composite fiber achieves a reversible specific capacity of 57.1mAh g<sup>−1</sup> after 1000 cycles with 86.0 % capacity retention and exhibited a superior rate capability via half-cells. Furthermore, the fiber-shaped full SIBs were also fabricated, which present a reversible capacity of 18.2 μAh cm<sup>−1</sup> at different bending angles. The full batteries exhibit excellent rate performance, stable cycling capability, and outstanding flexibility. This work may provide new insights into fiber-shaped SIBs for actual wearable applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":355,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":"975 ","pages":"Article 118740"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhengyang Yang , Cuilei Li , Dayou Luo , Jianqiang Wei , Fanglin Che , Zhiyong Gu
{"title":"Electrodeposition of Cu-based nanoarrays with tailored hierarchical nanostructure and their application for electrochemical nitrate sensing","authors":"Zhengyang Yang , Cuilei Li , Dayou Luo , Jianqiang Wei , Fanglin Che , Zhiyong Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2024.118744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2024.118744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Excessive nitrate content in the ecosystem has raised environmental concerns as a contaminant in soil and water bodies. Therefore, there is a consistent demand for rapid and continuous detection technologies with simple operational processes. In this work, we present a Cu-based nanoarray fabricated by a template-assisted electrodeposition process. By varying the deposition current density, the nanoarray exhibited a hierarchical nanoneedle structure with a sharp-needle terminal. Structural analysis confirmed that the metallic Cu nanoneedle has a unique crystal structure compared to the control samples of foil or wire structures. The possible deposition mechanism of nanoneedle was discussed based on the initial crystal formation step during electrodeposition. Furthermore, we explored the sensing performance of the Cu nanoarrays through electrochemical nitrate detection by using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The effect of the needle length on sensing performance was evaluated and the 7 μm nanoneedle array showed the highest sensitivity of 1.22 μA μM<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup> and a wide detection range of 0.25 mM to 16 mM, about 41-fold enhancement compared to the Cu foil. The square-wave voltammetry (SWV) method was further utilized for the low nitrate content detection (0.02 mM to 0.3 mM) and the nanoneedle array achieved an improved sensitivity of 6.99 μA μM<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup> and an LOD of 26 μM. The interference study indicated a good tolerance to various interference species. Multiple cycle scans and long term stability tests were conducted using the nanoneedle electrode, which maintained 80 % sensing response after 25 scan tests and close to 95 % sensing response after 21 testing days. The nanoneedle electrode also demonstrated sensing capability in analyzing nitrate species in a real water sample (tap water). Our work provides a convenient method to obtain a hierarchical metallic nanostructure, and the Cu-based nanoarrays show potential for sensitive detection of nitrate across a wide range of applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":355,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":"974 ","pages":"Article 118744"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unravelling The charge storage mechanism in V2O5 nanorods through Systematic structural and electrochemical study","authors":"Misbah Mumtaz , Asifa Mumtaz","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2024.118745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2024.118745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present research, we report on vanadium pentoxide (V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) nanorods, fabricated via a simple sol–gel route, which displayed exceptional performance as electrode material for supercapacitor applications. Rigorous structural and morphological analyses were employed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the key physical parameters involved. Subsequently, standard electroanalytical techniques, including scan rate study (CV), galvanostatic charging/discharging (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), were used for detailed electrochemical assessment and to investigate the influence of physical parameters on electrochemical attributes. The investigated electrode material displayed a specific capacitance of 365F g<sup>−1</sup> at a current density of 1 A g<sup>−1</sup> in 2 M NaOH electrolyte. The nominated electrode also exhibited an outstanding energy density of 12.67 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> at an adequate power density of 247.15 W kg<sup>−1</sup>, with an impressive capacitance retention of 91 % over 5000 cycles. The choice of material, along with the nanostructured design featuring rod-like morphology, played a crucial role in achieving superior performance as a supercapacitor electrode. These insights are vital for investigating structural and morphological changes in V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-based materials during electrochemical operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":355,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":"974 ","pages":"Article 118745"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianxiong Hu , Kexin Chen , Aman Liu , Xiaojing Zhang , Jian Li , Chenyi Wang , Xiaoyan Zhao
{"title":"Synthesis and performance of cross-linked poly(aryl ether nitrile) anion exchange membranes with dense cations and flexible side-chain structures for water electrolysis","authors":"Jianxiong Hu , Kexin Chen , Aman Liu , Xiaojing Zhang , Jian Li , Chenyi Wang , Xiaoyan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2024.118750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2024.118750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are the core components in anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE), which play crucial role and affect the performance of AEMWE. In this work, a series of cross-linked poly(aryl ether nitrile) anion exchange membranes (CPAEN-dDQA-x) with dense cations and flexible side-chain structures are synthesized. By introducing multiple modification elements into the polymer structure simultaneously, the ion conductivity, dimensional stability, and alkali resistance stability of the prepared AEMs are effectively improved and balanced. The representative CPAEN-dDQA-0.25 showed water absorption of only 27.6 %, swelling rate of 11.2 %, and conductivity of 115.37 mS/cm at 80°C. The IEC and conductivity retention value of CPAEN-dDQA-0.25 after in 2 M NaOH solution at 80°C for 480 h were up to 86.2 % and 82 %, respectively. Meanwhile, the current density of the water electrolysis cell based on CPAEN-dDQA-0.25 is up to 477.0 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> in 1 M KOH and 2.2 V, and its voltage don’t has significant change after 480 h of operation at a constant current density of 500 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":355,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":"974 ","pages":"Article 118750"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How does the solution resistance influence the electrochemical behavior of porous electrodes?","authors":"Andrzej Lasia","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2024.118746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2024.118746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In our recent papers simplified models of the porous electrodes in the presence of the electroactive species were presented. In this work, these models are compared with the full model, which considers dc concentration and potential gradients in the pore and the ac effect by division of the pore length into small sections and addition of the solution resistance to the electrode impedance of each section. Simulations for different porosity, concentration, kinetics, and solution resistivity were carried out and allowed to estimate the influence of these factors on the observed complex plane impedance plots. Presence of the dc gradients changes the size of the two semicircles while the ac solution resistance causes formation of the high-frequency straight line at 45° on the complex plane plots. Porosity effects are larger when the total impedance is smaller, that is for higher currents and concentrations of electroactive species and faster kinetics. Estimation of the porosity parameter (Thiele modulus), <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>Φ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>, and the parameter <em>v</em>, which relates concentration and potential in pores, allows for the estimation of the porosity effects on the impedance.</div><div>In the absence of the concentration gradient (i.e.potential gradient only present), a straight line at 45° followed by one skewed semicircle is observed. Conditions for obtaining such impedances are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":355,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":"974 ","pages":"Article 118746"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crislânia Carla de Oliveira Morais , Keurison Figueredo Magalhães , Elisama Vieira dos Santos , Suely Souza Leal Castro , Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle
{"title":"Electrochemically simple, sensitive, and clean method for monitoring norfloxacin in advanced oxidative processes","authors":"Crislânia Carla de Oliveira Morais , Keurison Figueredo Magalhães , Elisama Vieira dos Santos , Suely Souza Leal Castro , Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2024.118752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2024.118752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, an amperometric analysis strategy using a carbon fiber (CF) rod as an anode was developed to follow the degradation process of the norfloxacin (NOR) molecule via electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOP). The voltammetric study showed that drug oxidation is an irreversible process which involves, in the determining stage of the reaction, a proton and an electron in an EC (electron transfer followed by chemical reaction) mechanism. After optimizing the electroanalytical conditions, CF sensor showed a linear amperometric response at concentrations ranging from 1.6 μmol L<sup>−1</sup> to 30.0 μmol L<sup>−1</sup>, with detection and quantification limits of 0.5 μmol L<sup>−1</sup> and 1.8 μmol L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, which are sufficient to enable in monitoring the drug during its electrolytic degradation. The results clearly showed that the by-products generated during drug degradation do not interfere with the current signal. Other application scenarios were evaluated, such as the determination of NOR in river waters and in the presence of different drug degradation by-products, obtained after EAOPs in chloride-containing medium, and no interference was observed during the electroanalysis. Therefore, the proposed analytical methodology is promising for monitoring and controlling the treatment of water contaminated with NOR antibiotic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":355,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":"974 ","pages":"Article 118752"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}