Nanoarchitectonics of fully interpenetrating polymers with low-temperature pyrolysis modulation for double layer capacitor

Abstract

Carbonization temperature controllable as a key bridge between precursor structure and electrochemical performance. This work investigates a fully interpenetrating polymer network precursor constructed with two molecular chains (o-Phenylenediamine-formaldehyde/potassium polyacrylate), a low-temperature pyrolysis strategy for systematically study the influence of direct carbonization temperature (500–800 °C) on the structural evolution and electrochemical properties of carbon materials derived from it, and obtained a series of porous carbon-based materials. By discussing in detail the physical characteristics of each sample such as morphology and structure, sample elements and pore structure, high-performance carbon-based materials with Sub nanometer micropores (∼0.6 nm) and mesopores coexisted were screened, sub nanopores can shorten ion diffusion pathways and provide abundant charge storage sites. When the carbonization temperature is at 700 °C, the carbon material C-IPN700 has a microporous specific surface area of up to 1168.268 m² g⁻¹ and possesses excellent storage capacity of 358 F g⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹, which is comparable to the optimal specific capacitance of IPNs-derived carbon materials used so far for double-decker capacitors, and after 9000 long cycle tests, the coulomb efficiency is close to 100%. C-IPN shows high energy density of 9.72 Wh Kg⁻¹ at 125 W Kg⁻¹ power density when used as a symmetric device. For the field of bilayers, C-IPN700 is a potential low-cost, easy-to-prepare low-temperature pyrolyzed carbon material with high energy storage efficiency.