Soudni Lekarstvi最新文献_第7页

[Injury of upper cervical spine]. [上颈椎损伤]。

Soudni Lekarstvi Pub Date : 2016-01-01

Luděk Ryba, Jan Cienciala, Richard Chaloupka, Martin Repko, Robert Vyskočil

{"title":"[Injury of upper cervical spine].","authors":"Luděk Ryba, Jan Cienciala, Richard Chaloupka, Martin Repko, Robert Vyskočil","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Injuries of the upper cervical spine represent 1/3 of all cervical spine injuries and approximately 40 % result by the death. Every level of the cervical spine can be injured - fractures of condyles of the occipital bone (CO), atlantooccipital dislocation (AOD), fractures of the Atlas (C1), atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) and fractures of the axis (C2). Most of cases in younger patients are caused by high-energy trauma, while by elderly people, because of the osteoporosis, is needed much less energy and even simple falls can cause the injury of the cervical spine. That´s why the etiology of injuries can be different. In younger patients are caused mainly by car accidents, motorcycle and bicycle accidents and pedestrian crashes by car and in elderly populations are the main reason falls. The mechanism of the injury is axial force, hyperflexion, hyperextension, latero-flexion, rotation and combination of all. The basic diagnostic examination is X ray in AP, lateral and transoral projection. But in the most of cases is CT examination necessary and in the suspicion of the ligamentous injury and neurological deterioration must be MRI examination added. Every injury of the upper cervical spine has its own classification. Clinical symptoms can vary from the neck pain, restricted range of motion, antalgic position of the head, injury of the cranial nerves and different neurologic symptoms from the irritation of nerves to quadriplegia. A large percentage of deaths is at the time of the injury. Therapy is divided to conservative treatment, which is indicated in bone injuries with minimal dislocation. In more severe cases, with the dislocation and ligamentous injury, when is high chance of the instability, is indicated the surgical treatment. We can use anterior or posterior approach, make the osteosynthesis, stabilisation and fusion of the spine. Complex fractures and combination of different types of injuries are often present in this part of the spine. Correct and early diagnosis with the best treatment option is necessary for successful result of the cervical spine injuries. ","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":"61 2","pages":"20-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34514761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Benefits of otoscopy in forensic autopsy practice: A prospective study]. [耳镜检查在法医尸检实践中的益处:一项前瞻性研究]。

Soudni Lekarstvi Pub Date : 2016-01-01

Štěpánka Kučerová, Petr Hejna, Martin Dobiáš

{"title":"[Benefits of otoscopy in forensic autopsy practice: A prospective study].","authors":"Štěpánka Kučerová, Petr Hejna, Martin Dobiáš","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The otoscopy is an examination of the external auditory canal, the eardrum, and the middle ear with an instrument called an otoscope. It is a simple, inexpensive, and time-saving endoscopic method typically used by general practitioners and otorhinolaryngologists. Authors present a prospective study of otoscopic findings investigated consecutively at autopsy. Of the 250 examined persons, 50 positive findings were identified: 38 cases with petechial hemorrhages and 12 cases with tympanic membrane perforation or hemotympanon. Hemorrhages of the tympanic membrane detected through the otoscopy may serve as evidence of congestion within head and neck potentially associated with asphyxiation either in the death or in the living (similar to periorbital and conjuctival petechial hemorrhages). In our study, hemorrhages of the tympanic membrane were related to heart failure, hanging and asphyxiation. Perforated tympanic membrane and hemotympanum have been sporadically reported in victims of fatal lightning strike and rarely in strangulation. This findings were in our study associated with craniocerebral injuries: traffic accidents, falls from height and gunshot injuries. The otoscopy may help to reveal various traumatic and pathological changes within the outer and the middle ear, and, thus, provide important forensic evidence. The otoscopy is also highly recommended in the investigation of the sudden deaths in the young. ","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":"61 2","pages":"14-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34580467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Molecular genetics and determination of time since death - short communication]. [分子遗传学和死亡时间的测定-短通信]。

Soudni Lekarstvi Pub Date : 2016-01-01

Markéta Šaňková, Michaela Račanská

引用次数: 0

Soudni Lekarstvi Pub Date : 2016-01-01

Ivana Komáreková

引用次数: 0

Right haemothorax related to the rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm. 右胸血与腹主动脉瘤破裂有关。

Soudni Lekarstvi Pub Date : 2016-01-01

Filiz Eren, Nursel Türkmen İnanır, Bülent Eren, Berna Senel, Recep Fedakar

引用次数: 0

[Intracardial fungal multiplication of order Mucor in an almost totally carbonised part of a male body found after ten days missing]. [在失踪十天后发现的一具几乎完全碳化的男性尸体中发现了毛霉菌目的心内真菌增殖]。

Soudni Lekarstvi Pub Date : 2016-01-01

Silvia Farkašová Iannaccone, Jaroslav Klán, Laura W Lamps, Daniel Farkaš, Marián Švajdler Ml, Miroslav Szabo

{"title":"[Intracardial fungal multiplication of order Mucor in an almost totally carbonised part of a male body found after ten days missing].","authors":"Silvia Farkašová Iannaccone, Jaroslav Klán, Laura W Lamps, Daniel Farkaš, Marián Švajdler Ml, Miroslav Szabo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Determination of time of death belongs to the most difficult and also the most important issues for the medical examiners, especially those who deal with violent death. Besides the most frequently evaluated postmortal changes it is sometimes possible to perform the evaluation on the basis of less frequently observed findings. One of such findings is for example the fungal multiplication on the body or in the very close vicinity. Knowledge of moulds as well as information about their speed of growth should contribute to confirmation or negation of some information gained during police investigation. In this case report authors describe the macroscopically visible fungal intracardiac multiplication in heart chambers and aorta in an almost totally carbonised body which was missing for only ten days. Based on the molecular examination it was detected that the body belonged to the 64-year-old man who was repeatedly hospitalised in psychiatry for depression with suicidal tendencies. The last hospitalisation was six weeks before death and there was no organic disability. The cause of fire was a naked flame. The cause of death was burn injury or asphyxia. The almost total carbonisation did not allow to perform toxicological investigation. By histological investigation we found the presence of wide long non-septate moulds growing in the heart muscle, which belonged to the order Mucor. Since there was no obvious inflammatory response, we suppose their growth started on the congealed blood after death. ","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":"61 3","pages":"35-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34308500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Fatal head injury caused by a crossbow arrow with unusually preserved posttraumatic volitional activity - case report]. [由具有异常保存的创伤后意志活动的弩箭造成的致命头部损伤-病例报告]。

Soudni Lekarstvi Pub Date : 2016-01-01

Hynek Řehulka, Eva Čechová, Jitka Mottlová, Martin Valenta, Zdeněk Mareška

{"title":"[Fatal head injury caused by a crossbow arrow with unusually preserved posttraumatic volitional activity - case report].","authors":"Hynek Řehulka, Eva Čechová, Jitka Mottlová, Martin Valenta, Zdeněk Mareška","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The authors deal with a case of suicidal attempt resulting in a fatal head injury. A young man shot himself with a serially produced mechanical sports crossbow. The young man with a critical intracranial injury, a penetration, was nevertheless capable of basic locomotive activity, as well as of coherent communication with another people present at the scene. The critically injured patient was transported from the scene directly to medical centre where he subsequently underwent a neurologic surgery. On the eight day after the incident he died in the hospital as a result of sustained wounds. During the autopsy, a penetrating arrow-shot wound head injury was certified, occurring in the right and left temple area. Signs of a complex decompressive craniectomy were established too. The shooting channel was generally horizontally oriented, extending from the right to the left side, from behind in a 10 up to 15 degrees angle to the frontal plane, penetrating the brain from the right temple lobe and the frontal lobe, thereby pervading also frontal horns of lateral ventricles, and from the left afflicting the frontal lobe on the left side of the brain. In the course of the shooting channel, brain contusion occurred, accompanied by intraventricular haemorrhage. In addition, a heavy cerebral oedema, multiple secondary malacias, Durett haemorrhages and extensive thrombosis of cerebral sinuses were stated. In the course of police investigation, based mainly on the information given by the wounded man right after he had been found at the scene, it was revealed that another person might have been involved. The forensic autopsy, the investigation of the Police and the subsequent criminalist-ballistics expert investigation, supported by a series of experimental substitutive target shots, didnt, however, decidedly prove that any other culprit had been involved. ","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":"61 1","pages":"2-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34328978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Evolution of historical and social attitudes toward suicide]. [历史和社会对自杀态度的演变]。

Soudni Lekarstvi Pub Date : 2016-01-01

Jozef Krajčovič

{"title":"[Evolution of historical and social attitudes toward suicide].","authors":"Jozef Krajčovič","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In the article there is the repeatedly submitted experience detailing how death is a fundamental element of our lives, including by ones own hand - suicide, cases of which forensic pathologists are confronted with every day. The subject of suicide has been treated by the public as taboo, while in reality we are confronted by it every day, particularly in forensic medicine, where we are not only obliged, but also find it our duty to inquire as to the reasons, motivation and other factors that have led someone to take their own life voluntarily. The author was required to investigate the sociogenesis and psychogenesis of suicidal acts, the influence of successive social and cultural changes within society on suicides focusing on the psychiatric-biological, as well as the wider socio-cultural and philosophical connections. All major religions were and continue to be strongly against the act of suicide, which affects any who attempt suicide, but also their relatives. This state of affairs continued to develop until Durkheim, who initially established scientific research of suicides, primarily from a psychologicalsocial viewpoint. Suicide has been the final act of many world-renowned, as well as national, personalities, such as writers, artists, musicians and actors. ","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":"61 1","pages":"5-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34328980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Death due to coronary artery anomaly with coexistence of Chiari network. 冠状动脉异常死亡伴Chiari神经网络共存。

Soudni Lekarstvi Pub Date : 2015-01-01

Nursel İnanir Türkmen, Büllent Eren, Murat Serdar Gürses, Okan Akan, Filiz Eren, Fabian Kanz

引用次数: 0

[Two sudden deaths of children with mesenterium commune -- a case report]. [2例肠系膜公社儿童猝死病例报告]。

Soudni Lekarstvi Pub Date : 2015-01-01

Kateřina Grusová, Milan Votava, Martin Zeman

{"title":"[Two sudden deaths of children with mesenterium commune -- a case report].","authors":"Kateřina Grusová, Milan Votava, Martin Zeman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital anomalies of the digestive system represent a complicated topic concerning many medical specializations. The goal of this article is to describe two cases of children with mesenterium commune. First was an infant (5.5 months old female) who died shortly after being admitted to hospital with acute bronchitis, vomiting and diarrhoea. The autopsy revealed the cause of death--volvulus of the entire small intestine and the first portion of the large intestine with haemorrhagic infarsation of the intestinal wall in an infant with congenital anomaly of intestinal fixation--mesenterium commune. Second case was a 2.5 years old female after two heart surgeries, with pulmonary hypertension, who died suddenly at home. The cause of death was volvulus of a portion of the small intestine with haemorrhagic infarsation of the intestinal wall and also mesenterium commune. Congenital malpositions of the intestine originate due to malrotation and malfixation of the intestine during prenatal and early postnatal period. This wide range of the individuals developmental disorders always result in a condition where the topographical findings in the abdominal cavity are not as commonly found. Abnormally positioned intestines cannot develop a normal mesentery and are prone to volvulus, which represents the most serious complication with acute abdominal symptoms and when diagnosed late, it can lead to sudden death. Whilst performing autopsies such cases are rarely seen. However in forensic medicine and also in clinical practice it is important to consider intestinal malposition as a cause of acute abdomen.","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":"60 2","pages":"17-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33180561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0