Landtechnik最新文献

{"title":"Überwachung von biologisch arbeitenden Rieselbettfiltern in der Mastschweinehaltung","authors":"J. Hahne","doi":"10.15150/LT.2019.3216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15150/LT.2019.3216","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, 154 test reports of biologically working trickling filters operating at pig fattening stables were evaluated in view of cleaning capacity and functional reliability. Basis of the evaluation were the test protocols which had been compiled with the county of Cloppenburg. Essential test criteria were ammonia reduction efficiency, removal of typical production odor and the usability of electronic logbooks (ELB). By means of these data runs of pH value and electric conductivity in the washing liquid and specific operation data as fresh water and energy consumption and elutriation rate as well were checked in view of plausibility. The results show that all trickling filters secure an ammonia separation efficiency of at least 70%. The mean separation efficiency was 93%. Raw gas typical smells in the outlet air were determined at four facilities only. 87% of the ELB was full usuable. The pH value was kept in the required range at 79% of the facilities. The electric conductivity was kept below 25 mS/cm at 90% of the facilities. Specific operation data, however, showed a wide range. The fresh water consumption varied between 0.12 and 10.41 m³ per animal place and year (m³/(AP a) and was 1.5 m³/(AP a) in mean; median = 1.1 m³/(AP a). The elutriation rate ranged between 0.07 and 2.19 m³/(AP a) and was 0.45 m³/(AP a) on average; median = 0.39 m³/(AP a). The single power consumption of the exhaust treatment system fluctuated between 1 and 51 kWh/(AP a) and was 17.6 kWh/(AP a) in mean; median = 15.4 kWh/(AP a). Compared with former investigations the cleaning capacity and the functional reliability of trickling filters have been further improved. For some facilities, there is a need for optimization in view of keeping the pH value in the required range and the general system operation as well. For example, this becomes apparent by too high fresh water and power consumptions and elutriation rates as well. A surplus fresh water consumption may be caused by an inadequate droplet catcher function, for example. High energy consumptions is often due to inefficient circulation pumps or incorrectly dimensioned nozzles in the water distribution system. Surplus elutriation rates may result from a wrong working pH control, where the dosage of acid and base are working against each other.","PeriodicalId":35524,"journal":{"name":"Landtechnik","volume":"74 1","pages":"145-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47253816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standraumverteilung bei Mais und deren Einfluss auf die Durchwurzelung und Nährstoffausnutzung","authors":"Yves Reckleben, Bastian Brandenburg","doi":"10.15150/LT.2019.3215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15150/LT.2019.3215","url":null,"abstract":"Die Standraumverteilung im Silomaisanbau ist von Bedeutung fur die Leistungsfahigkeit des Produktionssystems. Die Novellierung der Dungeverordnung in 2017 hat fur die landwirtschaftlichen Betriebe dazu gefuhrt, dass ertragsabhangige, standort- und kulturartenbezogene Obergrenzen fur die Stickstoffdungung eingefuhrt wurden. Das Zie,l hohere Flachenertrage zu erreichen, wird seit jeher in der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion verfolgt. Im Silomaisanbau haben die Veranderung der Standraumzuteilung in allen Untersuchungsregionen – Bayern, Danemark, Thuringen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Schleswig-Holstein und Spanien - zu hoheren Ertragen gefuhrt. Die vorliegenden mehrjahrigen Ergebnisse wurden auf landwirtschaftlichen Praxisbetrieben nach der Methode des On-Farm-Researchs erhoben. Eine Verringerung der Saatreihenabstande im Silomaisanbau fuhrt zu veranderten Standraumverteilungen. Dies steigert die oberirdischen Biomasse- und Energieertrage, bedingt durch eine bessere Ressourcennutzung hinsichtlich Licht, Nahrstoffen und Bodenwasser. Im Wurzelraum fuhrt die geanderte Standraumverteilung zu einer gleichmasigeren Durchwurzelung des Oberbodens und tragt daruber hinaus zu einer hoheren Erosionsminderung bei.","PeriodicalId":35524,"journal":{"name":"Landtechnik","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42933622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ein praxisorientiertes Modell für die Analyse der Treibhausgas- und Energiebilanz landwirtschaftlicher Biogasanlagen","authors":"Bianca Zerhusen, Mona Maze, M. Effenberger","doi":"10.15150/LT.2019.3214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15150/LT.2019.3214","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we present an application for estimating and analyzing the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and cumulated energy demand of biogas production chains in agriculture, which was developed mainly for practitioners. The primary goal of this application is to illustrate: What are the important sources of GHGs along the biogas chain, and how can they be mitigated? In addition, figures for the individual specific CO2-equivalent(CO2e) emissions of electricity and heat supply from biogas are computed. In a reproducible manner, the application calculates the essential GHG sources within biogas systems, allowing for their comparison. In the underlying model, the process chain is separated into the sub-systems of energy crop production and biogas utilization. Using real-world data from ten biogas farms in Bavaria, we discuss the abilities and limitations of our application.","PeriodicalId":35524,"journal":{"name":"Landtechnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43434672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entwicklung und Evaluation eines Wiegesystems für Forstkräne auf Basis von künstlichen neuronalen Netzen","authors":"C. Geiger, Daniel Greff, M. Starke, M. Geimer","doi":"10.15150/LT.2019.3213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15150/LT.2019.3213","url":null,"abstract":"In both log and chip logistics, important reference data for logistic purposes are often lacking, as they are usually completed with insufficiently accurate estimates. In order to obtain higher quality information on the moving timber quantities, optional crane scales can be mounted between the telescope and the grapple of the forwarder. However, this has a negative effect on the crane kinematics and manoeuvrability while at the same time machine productivity is reduced due to an interruption in the loading process necessary for measurement.In this paper, a data-based method is presented which allows dynamic weighing in a continuous loading process for modern forestry cranes without the need to install an additional hardware component on the machine. This allows a cost-effective and comprehensive application. In the course of this method, a loading cycle is automatically detected, and the loaded mass is estimated by means of an artificial neural network (ANN). Signals from sensors installed as standard on modern forwarders serve as input variables. The Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) architecture for the neural network has proven itself for handling these time-based sensor data. Based on LSTM cells, an appropriate network was designed, trained and subsequently optimized. The test shows an average full-scale error of 1.5% per 1,000 kg for a single loading cycle. For a fully loaded forwarder, this results in a total mass error of less than 1.2%.","PeriodicalId":35524,"journal":{"name":"Landtechnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47299563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Akzeptanz und Nutzung von Navigationssoftware durch landwirtschaftliche Lohnunternehmen – Eine Anwendung des Technologieakzeptanzmodells","authors":"Mariusa Michels, Paul Johann Weller von Ahlefeld, O. Mußhoff","doi":"10.15150/LT.2019.3210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15150/LT.2019.3210","url":null,"abstract":"Literature about the adoption of navigation systems of agricultural contractors is scarce. Based on an online survey with 134 German agricultural contractors, a technology acceptance model (TAM) was applied to the usage and acceptance of navigation systems. The TAM was estimated using partial least squares structural equation modeling and was based on the navigation software Whats3Words. Furthermore, we collected information about agricultural contractors’ satisfaction with navigation software currently available. Agricultural contractors are partly satisfied with the navigation software currently available. They wish to receive information about bridge clearances and weight restrictions via the navigation software. This article is of interest for agricultural contractors, developers of navigation software as well as researchers in the field of logistics.","PeriodicalId":35524,"journal":{"name":"Landtechnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48054020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BTU 2019 – eine Standortbestimmung für die Nutztierhaltung","authors":"Wolfgang Büscher","doi":"10.15150/LT.2019.3212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15150/LT.2019.3212","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35524,"journal":{"name":"Landtechnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46097377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variabilität und Spezifität als Determinanten für die Leistung mobiler Arbeitsmaschinen in landwirtschaftlichen Prozessen","authors":"Thilo Steckel, Willi Nüßer","doi":"10.15150/LT.2019.3209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15150/LT.2019.3209","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture is characterized by the fact that machinery used there has one of the lowest levels of utilization in comparison with other sectors. The performance achieved under real conditions differs significantly from the maximum possible performance. The factors influencing this performance gap, machine specificity and environmental variability are systematically derived in the article. This leads to approaches to optimizing machinery and technical systems.","PeriodicalId":35524,"journal":{"name":"Landtechnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49541655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bewertung eines Entmistungsroboters bei Milchvieh aus ethologischer und verfahrenstechnischer Sicht","authors":"Theresa Leinweber, Michael Zähner, S. Schrade","doi":"10.15150/LT.2019.3204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15150/LT.2019.3204","url":null,"abstract":"To date, there have been few scientifically substantiated recommendations concerning the use of dung-removal robots on perforated flooring. Systematic experiments involving different cleaning frequencies of the Lely Discovery Mobile Barn Cleaner were used to ascertain the height and percentages of floor soiling as well as the behaviour of the cows. An optimised dung-removal frequency showed an improvement vis-a-vis the variants ‘without’ and ‘infrequent’ robot cleaning in terms of height of soiling, smear-layer formation, and slipping of the animals. The water-spray function allowed for a significant reduction in the formation of smear layers. Although an interruption in feeding in the case of dung-removal routes right at the feeding barrier, the difference between the feeding cows with and without robot operation was comparatively slight, and the cows generally returned to the feeding place after the disruption.","PeriodicalId":35524,"journal":{"name":"Landtechnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48733829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sickersaftbildung aus der Silage von Zuckerrübenschnitzeln","authors":"E. Kumanowska, Simon Zielonka, H. Oechsner","doi":"10.15150/LT.2019.3203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15150/LT.2019.3203","url":null,"abstract":"Die Popularitat der Nutzung von Zuckerruben als Biogassubstrat hat zugenommen, da sie zahlreiche Vorteile bieten, wie den hohen Biomasseertrag und den guten Abbaugrad. Eines der Hauptprobleme ist dabei aber der hohe Lagerungsverlust durch die intensive Sickersaftbildung. Zur Weiterentwicklung der Lagerungsverfahren sind Informationen uber die gebildeten Sickersaftmengen und die beein­flussenden Parameter notwendig. Deshalb wurde in dieser Untersuchung der Einfluss der beiden Parameter Stapelhohe und Schnitzelgrose auf die Sickersaftbildung von silierten Zuckerrubenschnitzeln anhand von Massenbilanzen bestimmt. Uber 50 % der ein­silierten Frischmasse fielen als Sickersaft an. Etwa die Halfte des gesamten Sickersaftes entstand in den ersten drei Wochen der Silierung. Der Sickersaft wies uber den gesamten Versuchsverlauf sehr hohe CSB-Werte von 250 g l-1 auf. Die hochste Sickersaft- und CO2-Produktion wurde bei der Variante mit 5 m Stapelhohe und grob gehackselten Zuckerruben festgestellt. Die groste Menge an Silage, bezogen auf die eingelagerte Frischmasse, wurde mit der Variante mit 2 m Stapelhohe und klein gehackselten Ruben erreicht.","PeriodicalId":35524,"journal":{"name":"Landtechnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46022286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Untersuchung des Einflusses einer diskontinuierlichen Ablage der P-Unterfußdüngung bei Mais – erste einjährige Ergebnisse von Feldversuchen","authors":"Max Bouten, Till Meinel, Wolfgang Kath-Petersen","doi":"10.15150/LT.2019.3202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15150/LT.2019.3202","url":null,"abstract":"To ensure quick early growth, maize requires the immediate accessibility of essential nutrients, especially since the seedlings only have a limited nutrient uptake ability. The P-supply is frequently ensured through starter fertilizer. In general, fertilizer mixes with phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N), sulfur (S) or additional nutrients are used. Traditionally, granular fertilizer is continually applied as a fertilizer band parallel to the seed row, also between the seeds. Up to 25?% can be saved by using precisely the right amount of the fertilizer and concentrating it in the area of the single seeds. This environmentally friendly practice also saves costs. In the course of this research project, which was funded by the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL), possibilities for precision fertilizer application were investigated and a technical solution sought for realizing precise sowing. This research project was carried out in cooperation with the Kverneland Group Soest. The initial field tests with diammonium phosphate verified the hypothesis of improved early growth at different sites. The field tests also verified significant growth advantages during early growth in variants treated with precisely placed starter fertilizer.","PeriodicalId":35524,"journal":{"name":"Landtechnik","volume":"74 1","pages":"25–35-25–35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41785765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}